Antarctica - Dziko la ayezi. Kodi kwambiri kuchita mukudziwa za Antarctica

Mmodzi mwa malo enigmatic ndi zachinsinsi pa dziko ndi Antarctica - Dziko la ayezi. Mwachidule, longosolani Africa lodabwitsali sizigwira ntchito: ziribe kanthu momwe osauka tikuona chikhalidwe cha expanses wopandamalire chisanu, pali zambiri malo osangalatsa. Ndipo ngati pamaso Africa ndi anadziwika kokha ofufuza ndi ofufuza kumalo ozizira, lero kwambiri la alendo kwambiri kuyesa maso anu kuona namkholowa yaikulu ndi achisanu chipululu.

mwachidule

Ndi Antarctica Greek anamasuliridwa kuti "osiyana Arctic." Izi kontinenti yaikulu, amene ali mbali ya kum'mwera ya dzikoli. Kudzera likulu lake salembedwa chitadutsa olamulira dziko lapansi monga ziriri pano ndi kummwera. About 15 miliyoni makilomita lalikulu - malo okuta Antarctica. Dziko si kanthu kuti ayezi muli dzina la chisanu, chifukwa pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni makilomita lalikulu la malo ake okwana dziko wotanganidwa ndi maalumali ayezi.

Chifukwa malo ake akutali ndi kutali Antarctica anali Africa lomaliza limene munthu wapita patsogolo. Izi zinachitika kokha m'zaka za m'ma XIX: maulendowa Russian kutsogoleredwa ndi Mikhail Lazarev ndi Faddeem Bellinsgauzenom anapeza mayiko amenewa. Chifukwa cha wosatha usiku ozizira ndi wosatha iwo sangakhoze kuthetsa anthu. The nyengo palidi akulu: kutentha akhoza kusiya kwa -80 ° C, ikafika mphepo ikuwomba pa liwiro la 90 m / s. Today, gawo sikuli kwa boma lililonse. Oimira mayiko osiyana kafukufuku apa. Antarctica - Dziko la ayezi - mokoma mbamphedza asayansi 3000, omwe amagwira okwerera 37 osiyana.

ayezi wosatha

Iwo ndi kukopa waukulu m'dzikoli. Mwa njira, ndi mwa munthu wina - Mwambamwamba. Antarctica limatuluka pamwamba pa nyanja kuti 2000 Km, pakati - ndi mochuluka monga 4000. Mbali yaikulu ya kumwamba - glacial pamwamba komwe kali mu chifuwa ake chokhala sitima. Only za 5% ya m'dera lopanda ayezi - mu dera la kumadzulo ndi Transantarctic Mountains.

Popeza Antarctica - Dziko ayezi, ana ndi akulu mu mainsaikulopediya zolembedwa zambiri za mmene ake. Asayansi amanena kuti chivundikiro mazira pano ndi yaikulu kwambiri dziko, kukula kwa izo nthawi 10 chisanu kufika Greenland. Amakhala ndi makilomita 30 miliyoni lalikulu - ichi ndi 90% onse ayezi dziko. Mbali A m'dzikoli amaona kuti ndi kuchuluka yaikulu maalumali ayezi ili apa - otsika "buluu" malo amene amapanga chakhumi za gawolo. namkholowa wokongola kwambiri, ataliatali pamwamba pa nyanja, nthawizina kufika kufanana kwambiri.

tsunami, mazira

Zikuonekeratu kuti anthu ambiri, Antarctica amagwirizana yekha ndi ayezi ozizira. Koma sindikuganiza kuti chisanu mapangidwe ndi zigawo wotopetsa kapena clumps: nthawizina iwo afanane ndi mafunde mazira chimphona amene amaoneka ngati asiya njira yake, ndi kupsinja ndi funde la matsenga Wand ndi zitsulo ziboliboli tsaya. Izi otchedwa ayezi madzi osefukira - tsopano malo a Haji alendo, kukongola osaka Edene. Kodi ndinene - yapadera chisanu Africa. Clumps modabwitsa okongola, popeza zigwirizana koyera ayezi zonyezimira buluu.

Antarctica, dziko la ayezi, adadzikometsera iwo pamwamba pake pa zaka mazana. frosts ake anali akulu wothandizira, ndipo makamaka kugwira ntchito za madzi ndi dzuwa mu ndondomekoyi. kulenga tsunami limagwirira yosavuta. Poyamba, ayezi ndi woyera, kuyambira pali zambiri mpweya thovu, ndi isanayambike yotentha pamene dzuŵa lingasungunuke m'nyengo yozizira M'malo mwake, ndi mazira - ndi osaima. Koma mfundo ndi kuti kamodzinso zigawo ikafika kukankha mpweya thovu, maulendo kuwunika mu kuya kwa ayezi floe. Choncho, ife wamkulu yaikulu nofeki achisanu madzi osefukira, amene m'chaka ndi chilimwe kusewera ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza.

chikhalidwe

Bakuman ndi zachilendo Ndiyeno dziko: Antarctica - Dziko la ayezi - Africa kwambiri unexplored pa dziko, choncho za nyama ndi zomera ake amadziwika osati kwambiri. Nyengo nkhanza zapangitsa chakuti ochuluka mayiko amenewa palibe moyo. Pamwamba Africa - ndi chipale anaphimba, ayezi lokutidwa pansi, pamene masana ndi moto sadzapeza zomera. Komabe, m'madera ena a dziko anabala bwinobwino kukula zosiyanasiyana lichens, ndere ndi bowa. Komanso, pali angiosperms ndi algae.

Ambiri olemera gombe, makamaka kum'mwera kwa Antarctica. Choncho, pali Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, lomwe ndi chizindikiro m'dzikoli - ndi anyani komanso cormorants, petrels, skuas. Ayezi nyanja bwino choncho mwachangu moyo ndi kuberekana zinsomba umuna, anangumi ndipo zosiyanasiyana pinnipeds. Ambiri Antarctica ili pamwamba Arctic Circle: apa pali yaitali kumalo ozizira masiku usana ndi usiku. Pa mtengo akamafika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chotero kuona yotuluka ndi kulowa dzuwa pakhoza kukhala yekha kamodzi pachaka.

Erebus

Oddly zokwanira, koma mwa Madzi oundana, ndi thambo lalikulu la chisanu ndi phiri achangu pa dziko. Choyamba m'zimene pakati pa XIX atumwi, ulendo wa Great Britain: cinayandama m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'dzikoli. Mmodzi wa ziwiya British amatchedwa "Erebus" - motero dzina la phiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba munthu wauka kwa pamwamba pa March 10, 1908. Mu nthawi yathu, kutalika kwa mapiri moto - za 3794 meters pamwamba pa nyanja, ndi zonse ndi Chigwa chachikulu n'kumatulutsa red-hot mitambo ya nthunzi.

Antarctica, dziko la ayezi, ayenera kunyadira Erebus. Ndipotu, izi ndi imodzi mwa mapiri atatu pa dziko amene abisa mu kuya kwake sizidzatha chiphalaphala nyanja. Kuwonjezera chimphona Arctic nkhokwe sizidzatha chiphalaphala madzi okha pa Kilauea ku Hawaii ndi Nyiragongo mu Africa. M'zaka za m'ma chatha panali 8 kuphulika, yaikulu - mu 1972. N'zochititsa chidwi, koma padziko lapansi lili ndi Erebus nsanja ayezi mosiyanasiyana yachilendo ndi chodabwitsa - ichi achisanu nthunzi geysers ndi chiphalaphala chomwe Sipadzakhalanso mtsinje wa kugunda subsoil moto phiri.

zigwa youma

Ambiri chidwi mfundo tingaphunzire ndi lipoti pa kumtunda kapena polojekiti. Antarctica - Dziko ayezi, koma amene Angamvetse kuti ndi komwe kuli malo driest Padziko Lapansi. Pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri zaka panalibe mvula. Chifukwa mphepo yamphamvu zonse akuyenda pa liwiro la 320 Km / h: ukuphwera chinyezi, anapereka kupanda lathunthu la chisanu ndi mvula m'dera m'deralo. Ndipo ngakhale kuti anayala mu kuuma zigwa Nyanja VIDA onekisi - mtsinje Alevi Antarctica.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti pali zambiri malo nkhani ndi wokongola. Mwachitsanzo, Don Giovanni - kwambiri mchere nyanza ya dziko, ndende mchere umene mochuluka momwe 40%, lomwe ndi kawiri kuposa Nyanja Yakufa. Zigwa youma ndi chidwi kwambiri oimira NASA, chifukwa nyengo wanu ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi Mars. Tsiku ndi tsiku Achimereka akuchita kafukufuku, amene poyamba ali bwino ndithu. Iwo amakulolani kupeza mabakiteriya ambiri amene ali pangano chakuti moyo padziko lapansi wofiira awonongedwa.

magazi Falls

Ndi mu kuuma zigwa, ndi wasayansi Australia ndi miyala ndi nthaka Griffith Taylor mu 1911 adapeza malo chodabwitsa: kuchokera glacier chimphona unaturuka yowala mitsinje wofiira. Poyamba tinkakhulupirira kuti mtundu wa madzi amapereka algae ofiira, koma Baibulo ili linali lolakwika. makumi kenako, asayansi anatulukira chinsinsi cha Magazi Falls: gwero lili wambirimbiri chitsulo akakhala ndi oxidized ndi mpweya, akutembenukira kwa dzimbiri. Zitsulo chomwecho - mankhwala a kagayidwe wa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zokhala madzi awa.

Madzi Magazi Falls yokwanira: chimachokera kwa nyanja, amene zobisika mu kuya kwa glacier pa akuya mamita 400. Nyama okhala bwinobwino kupulumuka, pakalibe mpweya, kutentha ndi kuwala. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri chidwi ndi funso kodi zonse zimene iye akanakhoza kupanga mathithi weniweni, chifukwa Antarctica - Dziko ayezi, motero, kutentha kuno nthawi zonse m'munsi. Ndipo chinthu cha mchere chomwecho. Mu madzi chokhala ndi kwenikweni kwambiri, kotero akasupe musati amaundana ngakhale kuluma kwambiri chisanu.