Thyristors - ndi chiyani ichi? Mfundo ntchito ndi makhalidwe a thyristors

Thyristors - mphamvu masiwichi pakompyuta olamulidwa ndi incompletely. Nthawi zambiri, mabuku luso, mukhoza kuona dzina lina pogwiritsa - wosakwatiwa-cholinga thyristor. M'mawu ena, mchikakamizo cha ulamuliro chizindikiro, icho kunditumiza ku boma limodzi - akuchititsa. Ngati mwatsatanetsatane amaphatikizapo unyolo. Kuti anasanduka kutali, m'pofunika kulenga zinthu mwapadera kuti kupereka kusiya panopa mwachindunji mu dera kuti ziro.

Features thyristors

Thyristor makiyi kuchititsa magetsi yekha mu njira kutsogolo, ndipo akhoza kulimbana osati mwachindunji ku malo chatsekedwa, koma voteji iwowo. Kapangidwe ka zinayi wosanjikiza thyristor, pali mfundo zitatu:

1. The anode (amaimira kalata A).
2. The cathode (kalata C kapena K).
3. Chipata elekitirodi (U kapena G).

Mu thyristors ndi banja lonse la makhalidwe panopa-voteji, iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudzaweruza dziko la mchitidwe wa. Thyristors - wamphamvu kwambiri makiyi a pakompyuta, amatha kuchita kusintha madera, ndi voteji akhoza kufika volts 5,000 ndi amperage - amperes 5000 (pa pafupipafupi uyu alibe upambana 1000 Hz).

thyristors ntchito DC

thyristor Normal ndi adamulowetsa popereka ndi zimachitika panopa kwa osachiritsika kulamulira. Komanso, ayenera kukhala abwino (ndi kulemekeza cathode a). Kutalika kwa chosakhalitsa katundu yozungulira chikhalidwe (inductive, yogwira), matalikidwe ndi mlingo wa kuwuka kwa zimachitika masiku ano dera ulamuliro, kutentha kwa michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi galasi ndi voteji ntchito ndi dera panopa thyristors zilipo. Makhalidwe dera mwachindunji amadalira mtundu wa chinthu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi.

Mu dera, mmene thyristor ndi, unacceptably mkulu mlingo zosayembekezereka ya kuwuka voteji. Ndicho, chotero mtengo umene mowiriza kusinthitsa mchitidwe (ngakhale palibe chizindikiro mu dera kulamulira). Koma pa nthawi yomweyo mu ulamuliro chizindikiro ayenera kukhala kwambiri otsetsereka.

njira kutali

Awiri mitundu ya kusintha thyristors ndi:

1. Natural.
2. Yaukapolo.

Ndipo tsopano mwatsatanetsatane za aliyense. Natural n'lakuti pamene thyristor ukugwira ntchito mu AC dera. Ndipo kodi commutation izi pamene panopa ikagwa ziro. Koma kuti achite kusinthitsa amakakamizidwa kungakhale kwambiri njira zosiyanasiyana. Kodi thyristor ulamuliro kusankha mapulogalamu yothetsera dera, koma ayenera kulankhula za mtundu uliwonse payokha.

Njira yosavuta chabwino ndi kulumikiza yokakamiza commutation capacitor amene wapatsidwa pasadakhale pogwiritsa ntchito batani (kiyi). LC-dera zili m'gulu la dera thyristor kulamulira. unyolo uwu lili capacitor kwathunthu mlandu. kusinthasintha chosakhalitsa zimachitika katundu dera panopa.

Njira yokakamiza commutation

Pali mitundu ingapo ya commutation yaukapolo. Nthawi zambiri ntchito yadera, zimene amagwiritsa kusinthitsa capacitor kukhala polarity anyamata. Mwachitsanzo, capacitor akhoza anazimitsa mu dera la kudzera mwa thyristor wothandiza. Izi adzachititsa kumaliseche kwa choyambirira (ntchito) thyristor. Izi zimabweretsa kuti capacitor panopa yalunjika ndi mwachindunji panopa thyristor chachikulu, kuchepetsa pano mu dera la pansi kuti ziro. Choncho, kudzakhala kuchokera thyristor. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti chipangizo thyristor ali makhalidwe zake zimene zimapezeka iye.

Palinso ziwembu imene LC-olumikizidwa unyolo. Iwo akatulutsidwa (ndipo ndi michira). Kumayambiriro a kumaliseche panopa loyenda kwa wantchito, ndi mfundo zawo pambuyo kusintha ndi wazimitsa thyristor. Pambuyo unyolo oscillatory panopa umayenda mwa thyristor mu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi diode. Choncho, bola ngati utuluke panopa kuti thyristor ndi umagwiritsidwa ndi voteji. Iwo modulo wofanana dontho la voteji kudutsa diode lapansi.

thyristors ntchito AC madera

Ngati thyristor m'gulu mu AC dera, angathe kuchitidwa ntchito ngati:

1. Yambitsani kapena kuletsa dera magetsi ndi yogwira-resistive kapena resistive katundu.
2. Change pafupifupi ndi rms panopa wakupambana kudzera katundu, ndi mphamvu ya kulamulira chakudya ulamuliro chizindikiro.

Mu makiyi thyristor, pali mbali imodzi - amatani ziliri pa njira imodzi yokha. Choncho, ngati mu madera zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito alternating panopa, zofunika kutsatira kugwirizana potsimikizira-yomweyi. Current ndi pafupifupi mfundo panopa zosiyanasiyana chifukwa chakuti nthawi ya chizindikiro pa thyristors zosiyanasiyana. Mu nkhani iyi, thyristor mphamvu ayenera kukwaniritsa ziyeneretso osachepera.

The njira gawo ulamuliro

Pamene gawo kulamulira njira mtundu ndi anakakamizika kusintha kusinthitsa katundu kumachitika mwa kusintha kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino pakati pa magawo a. Amapanga kusinthitsa zikhoza kuchitika kudzera mwa madera wapadera, kapena china muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira anakwanitsa (lockable) thyristors. Pa maziko awo, kawirikawiri anapanga chipangizo naupereka thyristor, amene amalola kusintha mphamvu ya panopa , malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa woyang'anira batire.

Kugunda m'lifupi modulated ulamuliro

Limatchedwanso PWM kusinthasintha mawu. Pa kutsegula kwa ulamuliro chizindikiro aperekedwe ku thyristors lapansi. Kusintha atsegulidwa, ndi ali ndi katundu voteji. Pa kutseka (pa ndondomeko ya kusintha lonse) akudyetsedwa ulamuliro chizindikiro, choncho thyristors makhalidwe panopa. Atsatire ulamuliro gawo pamapindikira panopa si sinusoidal, kusintha mawonekedwe voteji chizindikiro. Choncho, pali kusokoneza ogula amene amazindikira chisokonezo mkulu pafupipafupi (zosagwirizana limapezeka). Zambiri kapangidwe ali thyristor yang'anira, moti palibe vuto kusintha mtengo wolakalakika. Ndipo si koyenera kugwiritsira ntchito yaikulu Latro.

thyristors lockable

Thyristors - izi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri masiwichi pakompyuta ntchito kusintha voltages mkulu ndi mafunde. Koma apo iwo ali chimodzi chachikulu chilema - kulamulira chosakwanira. Ndipo ngati mwachindunji, zikuoneka kuti kuthimitsa thyristor n'kofunika kulenga mavuto pano mwachindunji adzakhala kusanduka ziro.

Ndi mbali akusokoneza zoletsa zina pa ntchito thyristors, ndi complicates dera la m'Malemba. Kuchotsa zovuta zimenezi, kapangidwe wapadera wa thyristors, amene zotseka chizindikiro pa wina ulamuliro elekitirodi yapangidwa. Iwo amatchedwa dvuhoperatsionnymi, kapena zokhoma thyristors.

Kapangidwe ka thyristor kutembenuka kuchoka

Zinayi wosanjikiza Kapangidwe ka tsa-n-tsa-n ku thyristor ali makhalidwe yake. Iwo anapereka osiyana ndi thyristors ochiritsira. Tsopano amapita ku chinthu zonse kulamulira. Panopa-voteji khalidwe (malo amodzi) kwa malangizo patsogolo ndi chimodzimodzi kuti a thyristors wamba. Nawa chabe mwachindunji panopa thyristor angathe kupatsira kwambiri ndi phindu. Koma kutsekereza mkulu n'zosiyana voteji ntchito mu thyristors zokhoma si anapereka. Choncho, ayenera olumikizidwa ku odana zikufanana ndi za michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi diode.

Mbali khalidwe la chipata kutembenukira-kuchokera thyristor - dontho kwambiri voltages patsogolo. Kuti kusagwirizana, kusumako akhale linanena bungwe kwa ulamuliro wa wamphamvu zimachitika zikusinthira (zoipa, mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 5 ndi mwachindunji kufunika panopa). Koma zimachitika m'lifupi ayenera kukhala laling'ono monga zotheka - 10 ... 100 MS. thyristors Lockable ndi malire mtengo wotsika wa voteji ndipo panopa kuposa masiku. kusiyana ndi za 25-30%.

mitundu ya thyristors

Pamwamba ankatengedwa lockable, koma pali mitundu ya thyristors michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, amenenso ali ofunika ponena. Mu zomangamanga ambiri osiyana (chargers, masiwichi, mphamvu owongolera) ntchito mitundu ina ya thyristors. Kwinakwake chofunika kulamulira anachita popereka ndi kamwazi kuwala, ndiye, ntchito optotiristors. Maonekedwe ake ndi kuti michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi galasi ntchito mu dera ulamuliro, omwe amakhudzidwa kuwala. Magawo thyristors osiyana, onse zina mwa zinthu zimene zimapezeka iwo. Choncho ndikofunikira osachepera mu chithunzithunzi cha zimene yonse ya semiconductors, pali ndi komwe angawapeze ntchito. Kotero, apa ndi mndandanda wonse ndi makhalidwe chachikulu cha mtundu uliwonse:

1. Diode-thyristor. Lofanana chinthu ichi - thyristor ndi chikugwirizana mu odana ndi kufanana michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi diode.
2. Shockley diode (diode thyristor). Iye akhoza kupita mu khalidwe la conduction zonse, ngati upambana wina voteji mlingo.
3. Triac (sym thyristor). Chofanana - thyristors awiri m'gulu odana yomweyi.
4. Thyristor inverter kudya mkulu kusinthitsa liwiro yosiyana (5 ... 50 MS).
5. Thyristors kulamulira FET. Mukhoza kupeza ntchito yomanga zochokera mos transistors.
6. Kuwala thyristors, amene akulamulira otaya kuwala.

Kukhazikitsa zinthu chitetezo

Thyristors - ndi zipangizo ofunika kwambiri kuti mlingo wa kuwuka kwa patsogolo voteji panopa mpaka m'tsogolo. Kwa iwo, monga kwa diodes michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, yodziwika ndi chodabwitsa otaya n'zosiyana kuchira panopa, zomwe ndi kudya ndi mofulumira ikagwa ziro, kuwonjezera ichi mosavuta uyenderere. overvoltage Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mofulumira kugwira ziliri pa mbali zonse za dera, omwe inductance (ngakhale kopitilira muyeso wochepa inductance khalidwe la msonkhano - mawaya, njanji khadi). Kukhazikitsa chitetezo koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kulola modes zazikulu kuchilango voltages mkulu ndi mafunde.

Mwachibadwa, ndi inductive impedance wa gwero voteji, amene ali nawo mu thyristor dera opaleshoni, ali ndi chofunika kwambiri kuti ziri zoposa mokwanira kuti pasapezeke zina zina zowonjezera dera inductance. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchita kambirimbiri unyolo mapangidwe kusintha njira yomwe kwambiri kumachepetsa mlingo ndi mlingo wa Kuwonjezereka dera pamene thyristor ndi ikanazimitsidwa. Capacitive-Resistive unyolo zambiri ntchito zolinga zimenezi. Iwo monga thyristor mu kufanana. Pali ndithu mitundu ingapo ya zosintha dera madera amenewa, komanso njira kwa mawerengedwe awo, magawo ntchito ya thyristors mu modes osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu. Koma unyolo mapangidwe njira kusintha kutembenuka kuchoka thyristor ndi mofanana transistors lapansi.