The sitima zapamadzi yachangu mu dziko. ntchito sitima zankhondo

Shock - ndi njira zathu! Chionetserochi chinachitika mu 1971, m'dzinja. Soviet nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi (mwatsatanetsatane chiwerengero K-162, "Anchar" Project 661) ndi amphamvu monga zida, titaniyamu thupi pafupi ndi kumbuyo "Saratoga" chotengera. 6 kuponya ndege chotengera cha Navy US anakonza kugwetsera lotayirira. Komabe, zamoto zachilendo mosavuta kupewa chozizwitsa zida yachilendo panyanja, kusonyeza nkhope yake. "Zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo" timu ya anadabwa kwambiri pa mphamvu yapadera liwiro. Kunangotsala "prude" yachangu sitima zapamadzi! Izo sizinali ndipo si wolingana m'dziko. Komabe, mu masamba a Guinness Book of izo - osati mawu. Asilikali chinsinsi sangakhoze kuima kukomeza.

Pogona inu, simudzasiya!

Zosafanana ndi kunyada States warship za "Lexington" inachokera Mediterranean ku doko Atlantic ya Miami, ku malo analamula mpaka kalekale. Mwadzidzidzi panyanja yachilendo aona: mu kuya kwa kudzadzipeza awo chachikulu "chinsomba" - sitima zankhondo zam'madzi, kutalika kwa amene ali mwachinsinsi ndi kukula kwa nyumba apansi anayi. Mwamwayi, n'zosatheka kuthawa: bwato kwambiri maola effortlessly anamupeza chotengera, amene anasonkhana 30 mfundo (55.56 Km / h). Izi sizinali zodabwitsa: "Anchar" (K-162) anayamba 44,7 mfundo (80.4 Km / h).

Zokwanira mphamvu chopangira mphamvu chimodzi, yosankha ndi kukhala liwiro wosangalatsa. The sitima zapamadzi yachangu, zouluka monga galimoto pa khwalala, pa Dziko Lapansi kuchita zimenezi, chabe sanapezeke. Chisokonezo anakula zimenezi. Yoopsa "Old Lady" (mmodzi wa nicknames a "Saratoga") anayang'ana osatetezeka kwambiri. Njira Soviet mwachindunji pa maso mdani anasonyeza mtheradi dziko mbiri liwiro kuyenda m'madzi. Ndipo iye alibe ulamuliro wowongolera States ndi dziko limene, monga ena, kuyenda m'makwalala zimbalangondo.

yankho wamakhalidwe

mboni njakata sanakhoze kumvetsa: kodi Russian "akuyandama rounders" kutsatira epithet "chodabwitsa liwiro", "yachangu"? "Sitima zapamadzi palibe ozizira"? Inde, palibe zodabwitsa iwo amanena: bwino kukhulupirira ndi kunyengedwa kuposa kunyengedwa, musadzakhulupirire zimenezo. Iwo likukhalira kuti ngakhale mmene ndingathere! Amadziwika kuti March 1971 liwiro 44.85 mfundo (83.05 Km / h) Kodi kukhala pa Motovsky ooneka enieni mzere (m'dera madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja).

Chigonjetso chofunika kukwaniritsa pamaso pa amasangalatsa kafukufuku ziwiya. Mu masiku amenewo, ife ankakonda pa zochitika zazikulu phwando. mlingo umenewu kuti lifanane ndi kutsegula kwa XXIV Congress wa CPSU. Mkuntho anayamba, hydrologists analephera kupita ku nyanja. Pamene nyengo unakhazikitsidwa, ife anaganiza kuti afotokoze. Pamene namondwe, pa chimodzi kwathunthu katundu mphamvu sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya chikalata zolemba zatsopano, yemweyo 44,85 mfundo.

Chifukwa mabwalo awiri mu mphepo, mu mavuto lachitatu kukumana ndi anafuulira lamulo kusiya kuyesera yowopsa. Choncho, mu dziko mbiri chithunzi cha 44,7 anaphatikizidwa. Planck sanabadwe zagonjetsedwa. Cha m'ma 70 ntchentche wa XX atumwi, okonza Soviet zoyembekezeredwa kuonjezera mabuku kupanga atakhala kupanga siriyo zinthu zatsopano. Koma izi sizinachitike, ngakhale sitima zankhondo yamakono ya kumpoto zombo si hafu zaka kanjedza zapitazo.

Chifukwa cha mtengo mkulu (ndalama anakwana 1% ya anthu mphamvu bajeti) mkulu-liwiro "ndege chonyamulira wakupha" anali mmodzi yekha, wapadera ndipo, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, pamwamba-chinsinsi. Information kwa zaka zambiri anabweretsedwa kuti onse ankhondo. Mlingo wa malowedwe mu phunziro la anthu wamba zitha ndikulingalira. Lang'anani, anali reply kumbuyo lamadyerero motsutsa capitalist "ulemu ufumu".

Ife kukuwonetsani phala!

Dziwani zambiri za mmene ndi chifukwa anabadwa sitima zapamadzi yachangu. Mu dziko la America ndi mayiko anapambana dzanja, kutchula awiri dongosolo osiyanasiyana a ndale, mwamphamvu mpikisano kupanga zida. Mu zaka za m'ma XX, United States apanga mapulogalamu apadera a asilikali. Ikani Zachikondi anu pa njira ya zimathandizadi deterrence limene mbali inali njira nyanja.

Zolawula mphamvu kusintha kumene mphamvu zazikulu, izo anamuka redirection lakuthwa m'dziko kunyanja. Kachitidwe imayendetsedwa ndi "airfields akuyandama" - magulu percussion ndege zonyamulira. Dziko lamadyerero wopambana Zinkafunikiradi osati masiku, zipangizo zatsopano. Ilo linali funso limene lili pafupi kuwonekera yachangu sitima zapamadzi. Soviet Union mu 60s la zombo atumwi wotsiriza lalikulu analibe nthawi kukhazikitsa: nkhondo ndi kumene anakafera kutetezela Mama kwa adani Nazi. Dziko amabadwa atachira zinawonongekera. zokolola anapezeka: mutu wa boma Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev anaganiza kusonyeza aliyense phala chikhulupiriro cha chosaneneka sitima zapamadzi zombo.

Babahnut mwabwino mwa kuya

Kwambiri kusintha zonse zida Soviet asilikali anapatsidwa patsogolo, kodi sitima zapamadzi yachangu. Mu dziko ya nkhondoyo amphamvu, chotsatirapo cha njira nyanja kunkafunika pa msinkhu wake. Amadziwika kuti sitima zapamadzi ndi chitsanzo zaka zao za sikisite Soviet Union anali drawback lalikulu: chida cha akhoza anapezerapo kugunda chandamale kokha pamene kuuka kwa kuya, pambuyo surfacing.

Nthawi zambiri mu udindo uwu wa sitima zapamadzi ndi "zounikira" mdani ndi kuwononga (ngati mulibe nthawi "unyrnut"). Posachedwapa, "ametusito" - chida dongosolo kuti akhoza kuyamba kuchokera mu kuya sikukudziŵika. Iwo unalengedwa m'manja mwa mlengi wa roketi ndi luso danga Vladimir Chelomeya (chithunzi pamwambapa). Zachilendo yomweyo ayamba, ngakhale nkhondowo kulemera kwa mutu amakhala ang'onoang'ono ngati mfuti osiyanasiyana. Zonsezi mwakuwoneka zoipa anali kuchepetsa ndi malo N'kuthekanso kuti ntchito chobisika kuukira modzidzimutsa.

ntchito yachinsinsi

Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti wangayo cholinga adzakhala kukhala ndi njira yolongosoka amaona zonse, "diso" kulamulira yoyenda yokha ndi dongosolo malangizo. Zimenezi zimatithandiza ntchito kupewa ziwiya kulondera (zombo kuperekezedwa) mdani zotheka. Pa bolodi anafuna kuti wokwera mwachindunji khumi ndege mivi (mivi sitima) P-70. Monga mpweya zofunika amphamvu kwambiri sitima zapamadzi! Zombo za dziko kuti akhoza kuyenda pansi pa madzi ndi ntchito m'madzi, m'mikhalidwe palibe sakanakhoza kukhala "oyeserera" a mpikisano.

Kuti ntchito anakopeka osati mazana, koma zikwi akatswiri ngakhale, iwo onse anasaina chikole si kuulula zinsinsi boma. Kulengedwa njira zimene zagwiritsidwa ntchito, chinapululutsa pambali pa kamodzi: sitima zapamadzi anabadwa m'tsogolo. Iwo adaona mzinga osiyanasiyana sitima ndi dzina wokongola "ametusito". Ndi kakang'ono - makilomita makumi asanu ndi atatu. Kuti pompopompo woyenera kwa sitima zapamadzi akuyandama pa airfields kuukira mtunda ankafunika kupatsa ndi mphamvu mkulu-liwiro (ukugwira kuti oponya a).

Mbali-olemera ndi ergonomic

Mu chikhalidwe cha mavuto ndi chinsinsi anabadwa sitima zapamadzi bwino. Mu dziko ndi mu dziko, palibe akudziwa dzina la bwana ntchito. Angatsutse sayansi upscale katswiri Wokhoma zombo Academician Nikolai Isanin (monga nthawi odziwika mlengi wa spacecraft "Vostok" Sergei Korolev) anali munthu wodziwika kwambiri wachinsinsi. Mu chiyambi chake okhwima ndi wowuma mtima wa timu ntchito usana ndi usiku. Nthawi zina siteji, utsogoleri inalandidwa ndi Nikolai Shulzhenko. Kalavulagaga ntchito mwakhama wabweretsa zipatso wolemera.

Mu December 1960, tsogolo sitima zapamadzi ntchito anali wokonzeka. Number njira avant-garde luso "kutali lonse" - 398: chiongolero ngati ndege, mphamvu ya kutali, kamera, zida, ndipo, ndithudi, kwambiri cholimba titaniyamu thupi, amene amapangidwa pa Severodvinsk "Sevmash" mu 1962. K-162 lokha linakhazikitsidwa mu ogwira chomwecho mu December 1963 (siriyo nambala 501). Yofunika kwambiri kunapatsidwa kwa ergonomics.

Anayi angathe Padziko Lonse

Mphamvu operekedwa ndi makina amene awiri nyukiliya. Project 661 m'gulu paroenergeticheskuyu ziwiri kutsinde Unit (40,000 ndiyamphamvu lililonse, mu 2-pindani kuposa mu zoweta ndi achilendo "anzake" onse). Makamaka chifukwa cha ichi adagonja ndi udindo wa "sitima zapamadzi yachangu." M'dziko limene atomu mtendere ambuye yekha, nyemba zida pa pafupi zopeka anapereka dziko lathu chidaliro.

Nyukiliya mafuta mu makina amene adzakhala zokwanira zinayi kuzungulira chilikupita (pa dzuwa apamwamba ndi chitetezo). "Otchuka Wambiri" zakale mwachidule: bwato (kwa January 1978 anali ondandalikidwa pansi pa mwatsatanetsatane chiwerengero K-222) aikiwa mu madzi mu 1968; mlandu 1988; potsiriza kuwataya mu 2010 pa "Sevmash".

The phokoso si zabwino

The sitima zapamadzi yopambana sakanakhoza kukhala misa limapanga koma pa zifukwa zingapo. Kuli titaniyamu nkhani zosiyana kwambiri Kuvuta kupanga. Pofika kumapeto kwa 80s zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi chakale mivi P-70 "ametusito" (waukulu zida). Angathe mdani zachitika zipangizo zatsopano kudziwika. dongosolo Hydroacoustic ndi ukutitsimikizira mkulu digiri mosavuta kupeza malo a K-162 (K-222). Zinthu zovuta chifukwa cha phokoso mkulu "Anchar".

Pulogalamu odana ndi sitima zapamadzi ndege. Mu chiphaliwali, "chinsomba" Nsomba zopezeka m'nyanja zikuluzikulu (Soviet oyendetsa za kukwera mtengo ndi briskness bwato wotchedwa "nsomba") anali zokayikitsa kuti apulumuke. Zingaoneke, magwiritsidwe, yomwe inayamba mu 2008 - chochitika wamba. Anthu si anatulukira lopitirira zoyenda makina. Onse amene amafika ku ziyambe kukonzedwa. Koma iwo unali umodzi ngwazi yekha, amene adzakhala Museum kapangidwe kupambana, zomangamanga. Sanapulumutsidwe.

bylem atachuluka

K-222 anapita kwa zidutswa monga dzimbiri kapena zaka bedi wopanga. Ndipo sitima zapamadzi ichi, zida ndi dongosolo "Sigma-661" (vseshirotnaya), "Rada-1", "Nichrome" (kumatanthauza chinthu ali wa boma makamaka), chotengera dongosolo sonar "Ruby"! Kuswa - sikumanga ... Pali maganizo lero kuwonjezera kutchuka kwa kopita zodabwitsa alendo.

Pambuyo kuyambira kalekale chinsinsi zina "anamuuza kuti" zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa za zovuta okhalamo ake amphamvu kwambiri sitima zapamadzi. Palibe zozizwitsa zambiri, monga izo zikuwoneka. Okonda luso amakhulupirira kuti "Anchar" anali mmodzi wa zinthu zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri ndi zochitika. nyumba Experience titaniyamu akadali ntchito mafomu ena (685, 705, 945, 945A, ndi ena.) Ndipo "ametusito" chida komabe lipindulitsa pa maboti "Skat" (anamanga pansi polojekiti 670).