Sandama: mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi chitukuko. "AvtoVAZ"

Volga galimoto Bzalani analengedwa mu 60s Mu zaka zapitazo. kupanga uwu unali pa nthawi n'kofunika. Boma pomanga ake adafuna zosoŵa za nzika Soviet mu magalimoto munthu. Vaz poyamba zinakonzedwa kuti kwambiri zikuluzikulu kupanga makina zomanga makampani wa USSR. Kwa zaka zambiri, kampani lodziwika bwino ankadziwa zokondweretsa Yehova. magalimoto ake zonyamula akhoza anapeza anthu ambiri m'misewu ya dziko lathu.

Komanso anayamba zitsanzo watsopano Vaz. Mbiri ya galimoto chimphona lapadera ndi chidwi iliyonse pagalimoto. Ndipotu mphamvu ya ulimi uwu si wofanana mu Soviet Union.

chilengedwe cha ulimi

Mbiri ya automaker akuyamba m'ma 60 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Mu 1966, anaganiza kuti amange kupanga makina mu Togliatti. "AvtoVAZ" analengedwa mofulumira kwambiri.

Zida, nawo m'zinthu ntchito, umatulutsa m'mafakitale osati USSR ndi mayiko anzake izo, komanso makampani Europe ndi United States.

Mu August 1966, utsogoleri dziko wapangana mgwirizano ndi Chitaliyana "Fiat". gulu Athandiza kumanga mu mzinda wa Togliatti lodziwika bwino kupanga. Italy osati anatenga nawo mbali mu ndondomeko ya zomangamanga, komanso anaphunzitsa njira ya chilango cha ndodo ya kuzungulira sayansi.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, pang'ono ndi yodziwika kazusnaya zinthu. Mu chizindikiro, apanga ojambula zithunzi Soviet, unalakwitsa. Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Italy ake mu "Tolyatti" mawu m'malo mwa kalata "Ine" kalata «R». Ukwati msanga inathetsedwa.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Mbiri ya Sandama chingakhale chosakwanira ngati izo sizinali ankaona chiwerengero cha mfundo zosangalatsa. Pa zokambirana ndi anthu a ku Italy Communist Party wa utsogoleri Soviet, Kutacha dongosolo kumanga zikuluzikulu makina zomanga ogwira ntchito mumzinda wa Stavropol. Mu 1964 izo anadzatchedwa mu Togliatti.

ganizo limeneli sanali kuuona mopepuka. Dzina la mzinda umene fakitale inamangidwa anapatsidwa ulemu wa Mlembi General wa Party Communist la Italy, Palmiro Togliatti. Iye anafa mwadzidzidzi akuchezeredwa kuti nthumwi wake "Artek" Young Waupainiya Camp. Nthawi imeneyi, atsogoleri Soviet ikunenedwa ndi abwenzi ake, mfundo za ankapitabe olowa.

Kulemekeza kukumbukira Mlembi General ulemu wake dzina lake mzinda umene fakitale woyamba "AvtoVAZ" anamangidwira.

Kuyamba

Kuyambira 1970, ntchito akuyamba wotchuka Vaz. Volga galimoto Bzalani inamangidwa mofulumira mayendedwe, choncho mtanda loyamba "masenti" anabadwa posachedwapa. Izi lodziwika bwino chitsanzo Vaz-2101. Ilo linapangidwa mu kuchuluka kwa ndalama 6. galimoto anapatsidwa dzina "Lada". M'chaka choyamba kampani linakhazikitsidwa 100 zikwi. Makina kuti anagawanika pakati pa antchito a mabizinezi Union monga mphoto chifukwa cha ntchito mantha.

Kufunika kwa "Zhiguli" anali ochepa okha mphamvu kupanga Vaz. History komanso limatiuza za chitukuko cha malonda ndi katundu wa mankhwala kwa galimoto chiphona. Only kwa makontena kunja amatchedwa "Zhiguli" linasinthidwa kukhala Lada. dzina Pervoi ku French wakewu "gigolo," kuti ndi munthu kuvina ndalama.

Development a zanyengo

Pambuyo chiyambi cha ulimi mu Togliatti "AvtoVAZ" zitsanzo atsopano. Pa msika dziko anafika Vaz-2102 ndi Vaz-2103. kusinthidwa uyu anali kale ankakonda onse "khobiri".

Kuyambira 1966 mpaka 1991, mphamvu kupanga anali anaikira pa mafakitale 5 chachikulu. Woyamba Director General wa "AvtoVAZ" Polyakov VN (chithunzi pansipa) ndi ogwira ntchito onse a mbewu ndi kusinthidwa chitsanzo loyamba la galimoto pansi pa mawu a misewu dziko.

"Kopeika" analengedwa pa zinachitika sedani Fiat 124. Only okonza ake chawonjezeka 175 mamilimita pansi chilolezo ndipo anatsindika kuyimitsidwa ndi mabuleki. "Troika" anali pa yomweyo "mwanaalirenji" chitsanzo. Kumasiyana ku "khobiri" kapangidwe. "Zitatu" ogwidwa nyali 4, lingaliro bwino za lakutsogolo, komanso zinthu chrome.

The "chakale" lachitsanzo

Mu zaka izo anayamba kupanga zochepa "tingachipeze powerenga" Vaz zitsanzo. History imawadziŵikitsa monga kugulitsa galimoto yabwino. Zikuphatikizapo Vaz-2104, 2105, 2106, 2107. Koma wotchuka kwambiri chinali "Six". Zaka zoposa 30 zokolola zake siriyo (kuyambira 1976) wakhala anagulitsa magalimoto oposa 4.3 wa mtundu uwu.

The "anai" ndi "Zisanu" amadziwika chitsanzo chuma m'kalasi. "Zisanu ndi ziwiri" anali bwino Baibulo la Vaz-2105. Okonza apanga yapamwamba panthawi amakona anayi mawonekedwe a nyali ndi. Salon lililonse chitsanzo wotsatira linasinthidwa ndi modernized.

Kutsata kunachitika m'dera la injini. ndi "tingachipeze powerenga" zitsanzo onse anagulitsa bwino. Ndipo tsopano mukhoza kukumana oimira m'badwo uno wa magalimoto m'misewu yathu.

wotsatira wamakono

Anasintha "AvtoVAZ" zitsanzo amenewa anayamba mu 80s Mu zaka zapitazo. Nthumwi woyamba wa m'badwo uno wa magalimoto anali "Sputnik". Mu anthu, nthawi yomweyo linatchedwa "eyiti". Zosonyezera makina anali yoyenera chithunzi. Vaz-2108 Anapatsidwa mphero woboola pakati kutsogolo yotsiriza. Pa ichi iye anali ikutchedwa ndi "chisel".

chitsanzo ichi ali ndi HIV bwino ndi injini akweza. Onse zigawo zikuluzikulu mkati mwa "eyiti" kampani walenga pamodzi ndi Porsche. Исаков В. И. поручил разработку дизайна отечественным художникам. Mkulu wa "AvtoVAZ" Isakov V. I. udindo chitukuko cha kamangidwe aluso m'deralo. Patapita nthawi, msika anabwera zisanu khomo "eyiti" ndi mtundu thupi sedani ndi hatchback.

Mapeto 80s amalembedwa zokolola monga kuwala subcompact yakuti "Diso". The zinachitika galimoto anali Daihatsu Cuore.

Kugwa kwa USSR

mavutowo yakhudza pafupifupi onse mabizinesi. Izo sizinali zosiyana ndi Sandama. Mbiri ya ogwira ntchito imeneyi ankadziwa mavuto yaitali. chifukwa anali ndi zambiri zimayambitsa mkati ndi kunja.

Mu malo oyamba, "AvtoVAZ" linakumana ndi liwu monga mpikisano. Mu zaka msika anali anasefukira ndi imports magalimoto ntchito. M'banja wodutsa magalimoto pa maziko awo alibe madzi. Kuuza mapulogalamu a malonda kamodzi wolemera waponya kwambiri.

Mu zaka 90 "AvtoVAZ" magalimoto zinalembedwa mabuku laling'ono kwambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, amacheka ntchito anafika 25%. Ngakhale boma ndi kukula ntchito miyambo pa magalimoto yachilendo, kufunika anagwa kwambiri.

Ntchito mu nthawi yamavuto

"AvtoVAZ" mu nthawi yamavuto ndi kulenga zitsanzo atsopano. Mu 90s oyambirira dziko waona imodzi mwa zitsanzo zochepa za nthawi imeneyi, Vaz-2110. "Khumiwo" ndi bwino Baibulo la "Gulu la Eyiti". Izi chitsanzo sedani ali bwino kapangidwe mkati ndi thupi choyambirira kalembedwe.

Mu zaka khumi zotsatira, kupanga silinazindikire kusintha kwakukulu. Only mu 2003, analowa mndandanda kupanga Chevrolet Niva (Vaz-2121). Ichi ndi zoweta chitsanzo chabe, amene anagulitsidwa ku Japan.

Pali chidwi mawu mlengi mkulu wa "Niva" Prusova PM pa conferring mutu wa chitsanzo ichi. Iye ananena kuti ndi acronym makalata woyamba dzina la mwana wake wamkazi (Nina ndi Irina) ndi ana a mkulu mlengi «GM-AvtoVAZ" (Vadim, Andrew).

Ndalama kupanga

"AvtoVAZ" anasangalala thandizo la ndalama boma, koma sikunali kokwanira ndikuutsa ogwira ntchito ku mavuto yaitali. zinthu anali kukula ndi ndewu mkati yokhudza za kampaniyo. Nthawi kuba katundu akuti mu mwaunyinji kwambiri. Izi mulingo ofanana kuti ndalama pachaka azipereke pa kampaniyo. Choncho, zinthu zonsezi si abwino kuchoka ku boma opanda pake.

Mu 2009, kuchepa revenues kwa malonda zinakwana mlingo wa 39% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yapita. ndi kugwa amenewa a kampani sadziwa mbiri yake. , Mitsuko Kwakukulu atha kampani sanaleke ntchito yake. Pakuti ichi tinena anatsanulira ndalama yaikulu mu chuma.

Mu July 2009, ovomerezeka likulu la kampani chinawonjezeka ndi 240 mln. Yuro. Pankhaniyi, Renault-Nissan, kampaniyo anali 25% ya magawo ndipo "matekinoloje Russian" - 44%. Pa malo a mlengi mkulu Steve Mattin wasankhidwa. Iye m'mbuyomu ndi udindo wofanana ndi maganizo a Mercedes, Volvo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

"AvtoVAZ" Museum

Mosakayikira, nkhani ya "AvtoVAZ" lapadera. mankhwala ake akhala chizindikiro chenicheni cha nyengo imeneyo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pali Museum "AvtoVAZ". Iwo ankakhala mu mzinda wa Togliatti. Ndi bungwe loziyimila wodzipereka kwa odziwika bwino osati dziko lathu komanso kunja mtundu "Lada". Ndipotu iye anakhala zodziwika mdziko lonse monga makina, anapanga dziko lathu.

Pali zambiri zinthu zofunika kwa galimoto chiphona. Pano mukhoza kukumana ndi zitsanzo woyamba opangidwa pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR, ndi toyesa amakezana. Ena mwa magalimoto pachionetsero tsopano salinso anawona m'misewu. Iwo samangokhala kubala kwa zaka zambiri, komanso kwathunthu achoka utumiki.

"AvtoVAZ" owonetsera zakale ali wokonzeka kusonyeza alendo ake oyamba "khobiri" chitumbuwa mtundu, amene anagulitsidwa pambuyo kukhazikitsa maukonde. mwiniwake akubera zaka zoposa 19 magalimoto awo. Mu 2000, anapereka kwa nyumbayi. Pakuti ichi "AvtoVAZ" anapereka woyang'anira galimoto latsopano, wachita anachokera ku fakitale conveyor. Ndi yaikulu yopanga mwakwera galimoto ayenera kutchuka ndi kuzindikira.

The kampani lero

Atatuluka ndi yaitali, chakuya mavuto Vaz, amene mbiri lili ndi zosiyanasiyana zochitika, kachiwiri kuwonjezeka kupanga. Back mu 2004, tinaona kuwala kwa hatchbacks chonse ndiponso sedans "Kalina". Kuyambira nthawi amene adaperekeza chilichonse chitukuko cha kamangidwe latsopano ndi mbali ya "Lada".

chitsanzo latsopano lotchedwa "Priora" linatulutsidwa mu 2007. Kufunika nthawi limene linali kugwa. Pofuna kumulimbikitsa, mtengo buku la "Kalina" wakhala otukuka. Iwo ankatchedwa "Grant." nthawi ili ankatha "AvtoVAZ" njira yotulukira mavutowo. Kuonjezera ubongo.

Mu 2012, "Lada", "Largus" chitsanzo wakhala anayamba pamaziko a galimoto Renault Logan. Chifukwa chuma cha ogwira lodziwika bwino pamafunika phokoso njira zatsopano maganizo sagwirizana nazo ndi ndalama zokwanira. Ndi njira yoyenera, kampani kachiwiri athe kubweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa dziko. Kuti tichite zimenezi, masiku "AvtoVAZ" pali zothekera zonse. kupanga Zimenezi yekha ndakuwonetserani, komanso kuti ayambenso mutu wake wa ogwira lodziwika bwino zosinthira zoweta ndi mayiko.