Tating'ono zomera: Zitsanzo ndi makhalidwe

zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi m'magulu awiri akuluakulu - ma ndipo sanali ma. Yotsirizira zikuphatikizapo mavairasi yekha, koma choyamba - zolengedwa zina zonse zamoyo. Selo kungakhale eukaryotic (ndi dongosolo la phata selo) kapena prokaryotic (pachimake olumikizidwa ku makina). Yotsirizira awa akuimira mabakiteriya ndi oyamba monga magulu ena zolengedwa zonse. Kapangidwe ka ambiri a iwo wapangidwa maselo ambiri, koma pali mu gulu la zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi, zomera, bowa, ndipo ngakhale nyama. Dama amoeba, ciliates, bowa - yisiti Mucor, Penicillium.

Kapangidwe ka maselo zokhala ndi selo imodzi chomera

Tizilombo timeneti ndi eukaryotes, ndiye DNA awo ali phata, amene ali ndi ntchito yake yoteteza. Ngati maselo onse zomera, iwo ali organelles tsatanetsatane monga vacuoles ndi plastids. Komanso mu dongosolo lawo imakhala ya mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, Golgi zida ndi reticulum endoplasmic, mwachitsanzo ya organelles, muyezo eukaryotes onse.

Ntchito organelles

Mitochondria kunyamula chimodzi mwa mbali zofunika kwambiri selo - iwo amapanga mphamvu zako zonse moyo. Lysosomes ali ndi udindo chimbudzi okhudza maselo ambiri a zakudya. Nchito ndi ribosomal mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe kuchokera kwa amino zidulo payekha.

The Golgi lithe ena mamolekyulu ndi zosankhidwa onse anayamba zinthu selo.

Endoplasmic reticulum ali nawo ntchito kagayidwe, ndi wambirimbiri mchere synthesizing lipids ndi phospholipids. Organelles zimene zimapezeka kudzala maselo, ndi ntchito ofunika. Mu ndondomeko ya dzuwa amapezeka chloroplasts, vacuoles ndi ntchito thanki udindo kwa selo zinthu zosafunika.

Tating'ono zomera. zitsanzo

Mtundu uwu wa zamoyo ndi algae kalasi. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri ndi umodzi tating'ono zomera chlamydomonas. Izi iwonso monga chlorella yosiyanasiyana ya diatoms.

mbali structural

zomera tating'ono a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mbali zawo zapadera. Ngakhale iwo onse amakhala ndi selo imodzi, koma akhale ndi makhalidwe awo enieni.

Chlamydomonas - wotchuka kwambiri woimira algae unicellular. Amasiyana anzathu kuti ali organelles monga kuwala tcheru diso, imene zamoyo angathe kudziwa kumene mphamvu dzuwa dzuwa. M'malo mwake, chloroplasts ambiri ali lina lalikulu, wotchedwa chromatophores. Komanso mu dongosolo lawo imakhala ya contractile vacuole. Iwo amachita mapampu kuti kutulutsa madzi owonjezera. Komanso ali michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana awiri, organelles kuti kulola thupi muyenda motsogozedwa kuwala. Wina zomera tating'ono - chlorella.

Ngati Chlamydomonas, iwo ali wobiriwira algae, koma ndiribe organelles ambiri wapadera, monga zamoyo tafotokozazi. maselo awo - lililonse masamba.

Diatoms zimagwilanso nchito kwa zomera zokhala ndi selo imodzi. Iwo ali lalikulu zikuluzikulu za zomera yemwe amakhala m'nyanja zikuluzikulu. Iwo ndi enieni selo nembanemba oteteza thupi ku malo akunja. Amakhala ndi woipa wa pakachitsulo, oxides yachitsulo, zotayidwa ndi mankhwala ena. Kuchokera zotsala za zipolopolo za anapanga mchere zambiri. Ambiri zomera zokhala ndi selo imodzi kubereka njira magawano. zamoyo zonse zoterozo kupeza zakudya zake pogwiritsa, ie iwo ali autotrophs.