Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin: nkhani kusanthula "chosadzikonda kalulu"

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin ndi imodzi yotchuka olemba Russian za m'ma XIX atumwi. ntchito zake zalembedwa mu mawonekedwe a nthano, koma chofunikira awo si kophweka, ndi tanthauzo sanama padziko, monga Akhristu mwachizolowezi mwana.

Ntchito ya mlembi

Kuphunzira ntchito Saltykov-Shchedrin, munthu sangathe kupeza ku chimodzi nthano. M'mabuku ake wolemba zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo zolembalemba monga grotesque. Akamanena za phwando ndi akukokomeza kwambiri, reductio malonda absurdum ngati zithunzi za anthu ndiponso zochitika zimene zikuchitika kwa iwo. Choncho, ntchito ya Saltykov-Shchedrin zingaoneke wowopsa ndipo kwambiri wankhanza, ngakhale munthu wamkulu, tiyeni ana yekha.

Imodzi mwa ntchito otchuka Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin ndi nthano "chosadzikonda kalulu." Mu izo, monga mwa ntchito zake zonse, ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Koma ife tisanayambe kupenda nkhani Saltykov-Shchedrin a "chosadzikonda kalulu," tiyenera kukumbukira nkhani yake.

nkhani

Nthano limayamba ndi chakuti mbali yaikulu, kalulu, nkhandwe akuthamanga zapitazi nyumba. Wolf okrikivaet kalulu, akupempha kwa iye, koma sasiya, ndi zina anawonjezera kusuntha. Nkhandwe limagwira iye ndi kuwanenera kuti kalulu simukadamva nthawi yoyamba. Forest chilombo masamba pafupi chitsamba ndipo akunena kuti adzadya mu masiku 5.

A kalulu kuti anathamanga mkwatibwi wake. Apa iye anakhala, anati nthawi imfa ndipo amaona - mofulumira naye m'bale Mkwatibwi. M'bale limatiuza mmene zoipa mkwatibwi ndi kukambirana amveka Wolf ndi iye, Nkhandwe. Iwo amapita kunja ndi kukanena kuti anamasulidwa ikutchedwa kalulu kunena tiwonana. Koma ndi chikhalidwe chimene iye adzabwerera ku kudyedwa mu tsiku. A wachibale wa m'tsogolo malingana ngati iwo sakutha ndipo, mu nkhani ya si refoulement, adzadyedwa. Ngati kalulu akubwerera, n'zotheka kuti iwo chifundo.

Kalulu pakhonde mkwatibwi ndipo amagwiritsa kudya mokwanira. Iye akuuza nkhani yonse achibale lake. Bwererani sizikanakhala zofunika, koma mawu wapatsidwa, ndipo mawu kalulu konse akuswa. Choncho, anatsanzikana ndi mkwatibwi, kalulu akuthamanga kubwerera kunyumba.

Athamanga, ndiponso m'njira anakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, ndipo akuona kuti alibe nthawi. Ganizo kha mphamvu zonse ndi chabe anawonjezera kusuntha. Ndipotu, adawapatsa mawu ake. Pomaliza, kalulu sadzachitanso amalowerera kupulumutsa m'bale wake ndi mkwatibwi. A nkhandwe ndipo anayankha kuti mpaka iwo ali, ngakhale zambiri adzakhala pansi chitsamba. Mwinamwake pamene ndi wachisomo.

kusanthula

Pofuna kupereka chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha mankhwala, m'pofunika kuchita ndi kusanthula nthano "chosadzikonda kalulu" pa dongosolo:

• zaka khalidwe.
• Features wolemba zilandiridwenso.
• M'nkhaniyi.
• Kuyerekezera ndi zithunzi.

Kapangidwe si chilengedwe, koma amalola kuti amange mfundo zofunika. Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, nkhani kusanthula "chosadzikonda kalulu" kuti zizichitidwa, kawirikawiri analemba zidutswa pa magazini atsopano. Choncho, m'zaka za m'ma XIX zinali mutu apakhungu kwambiri wosakhutira achifumu mphamvu ndi kupondereza ndi boma. Izi ziyenera chifukwa mwa kupenda nkhani Saltykov-Shchedrin a "chosadzikonda kalulu."

Osiyana strata wa anthu kuyankha kwa akuluakulu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Wina anathandiza ndipo anayesetsa kuti agwirizane wina M'malo mwake, anayesetsa kusintha zinthu. Komabe, anthu ambiri azungulira mantha akhungu, ndipo palibe iwo akanachita kumvera. Komanso ankatanthauza Saltykov-Shchedrin. Analysis wa nthano "chosadzikonda kalulu" ayenera kuyamba ndi kuti asonyeze - kalulu likuimira ndendende mtundu yotsirizira ya anthu.

Anthu ndi osiyanasiyana: anzeru, opusa, wolimba, wamantha. Komabe, zonse izi zilibe kanthu ngati alibe mphamvu kuti munganyansidwe wosautsa. Mu mawonekedwe a kalulu nkhandwe wolemekezeka akuseka anzeru amene amasonyeza kuona mtima ndi kukhulupirika kwake poyerekezera ndi amene kupondereza iwo.

Kulankhula za mmene kalulu monga tafotokozera Saltykov-Shchedrin, nkhani kusanthula "chosadzikonda kalulu" ayenera kufotokoza zolinga za protagonist lapansi. Mawu kalulu - moona mtima. Iye sakanakhoza izo. Komabe, izi zimabweretsa chakuti moyo n'chochepa kalulu, thangwi Iye asapangiza makhalidwe ake abwino poyerekezera ndi nkhandwe, amene poyamba anam'chitira nkhanzazo.

Kalulu ayi wolakwa. Iye basi anathamangira kwa mkwatibwi, ndipo nkhandwe mwaufulu anaganiza kusiya pansi chitsamba. Komabe mitanda kalulu pa lokha muli mawu. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti lonse hares banja amakhalabe m'bale wosasangalala analephera kusonyeza mtima kuthawa ku nkhandwe, kalulu sakanakhoza kubwerera, osati kuswa mawu ake, ndi mkwatibwi ali m'modzi.

Pomaliza

Saltykov-Shchedrin, amene kusanthula sanali nthano "chosadzikonda kalulu" mophweka, monga zina zonse ananena grotesque zenizeni nthawi yake. Ndipotu, ngati anthu mbalame cha m'ma XIX, panali anthu ambiri, ndipo izi kumvera vuto ofatsa kwambiri angaletsedwe chitukuko cha Russia monga boma.

pomaliza

Choncho ili linali kusanthula za nthano "chosadzikonda kalulu" (Saltykov-Shchedrin), malinga ndi dongosolo, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusanthula ntchito zina. Monga mukuonera, zing'onozing'ono pa Koyamba, nthano anali owala caricature wa anthu a nthawi imeneyo, ndipo tanthauzo lake mkati mwake. Kuti timvetse chilengedwe cha wolemba, ziyenera adakumbukira kuti konse analemba kanthu kalikonse. Zinkachititsa chiwembu zofunika wowerenga kumvetsa tanthauzo lakuya, amene kuwonjezekeredwa mu mankhwala. Awa ndi chidwi nkhani Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin.