Opaleshoni Spring Kugalamuka (1945). 70 Opaleshoni Spring Kugalamuka

Pamapeto pake Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anali zosachita mapeto pambuyo Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, pamene mtengo wa khama yaikulu kwambiri ya Soviet Army sanathe yekha kutaya achifasizimu ndi udindo mseru komanso kugwila asilikali chimodzi cha mdani, molamulidwa ndi Friedrich Paulo. Ndipo ngakhale pali anali zaka zoposa ziwiri chigonjetso ndipo anali akali ndi zambiri ndewu kwambiri nkhondo iyi wachita kunasintha nkhondo. Akuluakulu nkhondo yotsiriza ya nkhondo kwambiri m'mbiri anthu anali Opaleshoni Spring Kugalamuka. Mu njira ya nkhondo lake zinakambidwa pa Nyanja Balaton. January - March 1945 definitively anatsimikiza omaliza a Wehrmacht.

The bwino mphamvu

Zima 1945 asilikali a odana ndi Hitler Mgwirizano anapambana amanyansidwa ntchito, kupanga owononga kwa Berlin. Hitler, kumverera ukulu weniweni wa mphamvu si mu mtima mwawo, yotsirizira anaganiza ntchito yake ankhondo ndi "kupambana ulendo" ku Ulaya kuti tiponye East makamu Soviet, ndi pamodzi ndi kutsogolo chachiwiri.

Pa mbali ya kumuukira Red Army yaikulu anachisunga wachitatu Chiyukireniya kutsogolo m'manja mwa polimbana Fedora Tolbuhina. Thandizo ndi Bulgaria Choyamba Chibugariya Army, pa mbali ya Yugoslavia - Chachitatu Yugoslavia asilikali.

Isanayambike anachita mphamvu Army "South" ndi Army Corps zokhalamo chachinayi Air Force. Powonjezera pa mbali ya Nazi zinthu Hungary, anapereka Chachitatu Chihangare Army.

cholinga Hitler

Opaleshoni Spring Kugalamuka, zinachitika kumadzulo Hungary, chifukwa cha zolinga ndithu zothandiza. Ngakhale mu zinthu zimene mwachindunji anaopseza kale mu Berlin, Hitler anaganiza bungwe potsimikizira-kuukira anali mu Hungary. Mlingo kuti azikamugwirira kusiya adani ake kudutsa Danube. Choncho, ankayenera kuti pa machitidwe a nkhonya adzakhala kudzipatula Vienna ndi Kumwera Germany. Komabe, panali chifukwa china. Apa pali chinsinsi cha Nazi oilfields. Imfa ya chuma khamu lopondereza anatanthauza magazi oti muli nazo zida ndi mpweya mphamvu.

Ntchito, chimene chinali malamulo wotchedwa "Spring Kugalamuka", inaŵerengeredwa pa kumenya atatu, cholinga chimene anali kugawanitsa chitetezo wachitatu Chiyukireniya lakumaso, ndiyeno kuwononga mdani.

Kuwulura zolinga German

Grouping oti muli nazo zida mphamvu lopondereza kumadzulo kwa Hungary, nzeru Soviet anapeza mu February. pang'ono Patatha opangidwa nzeru zambiri kuwulula mapulani mdani kwa nagonjetsa m'tsogolo. Chifukwa zimene timaphunzira wakhala mwaluso ndi wokonzeka Opaleshoni Spring Kugalamuka. Ntchito anatumizidwa ku lamulo la wachiwiri ndi wachitatu Chiyukireniya kutsogolo kwa Supreme Lamulo, anali kuwononga magulu a asilikali lopondereza. Ndi chifukwa m'gululi anasandutsa kudutsana, Opaleshoni Spring Kugalamuka Hitler anatembenuka msomali wina mu bokosi la mphamvu yake padziko lonse.

Mu yomweyi, Union utsogoleri asilikali anapitiriza yokonzekera Vienna zolawula.

kukonzekera ntchito

Opaleshoni Spring Kugalamuka zinali zochokera zinachitikira Nkhondo ya Kursk. Makamaka, wakhala mwaluso odana thanki chitetezo, anali okonzeka makola a anthu ndi magalimoto, misewu okonzeka kuti kupereka malo kuzemba, kuwonjezera, zigawo makamaka yoopsa kwambiri condensed zida zankhondo - kachulukidwe m'madera ena akhala ziwonjezeke kwa 60 - 70 zidutswa za zida pa kilometre.

Zofunika ndi luso magawo ali pansi pa ulamuliro wapadera kukonzekera. bwino kukuchitika amadalira mmene anasintha adzakhala kupereka kutsogolo ndi mafuta ndi zipolopolo. Kutumiza katundu, yomwe ili m'mphepete kum'mawa kwa Danube, ndipo kumva ndi kuukira German mpweya, ndi ayezi yopuma-mmwamba. Choncho, anaganiza kukhazikitsa chitoliro mafuta ndi inaimitsidwa magalimoto chingwe.

ntchito ya usilikali

asilikali German anapezerapo opareshoni pa usiku wa March 6. Patangopita maola ochepa mayunitsi German anakwanitsa kugwila bridgeheads awiri ndi patsogolo makilomita eyiti mmene lonse. anaganiza kutumiza malo oyenda Regiment kulimbikitsa udindo kumbuyo ndi lamulo Soviet. Pafupifupi zisanu ndi zinayi m'mawa mdani anaukira waukulu, umene zinachitika pa gawo pakati pa Nyanja Balaton ndi Velence. Mothandizidwa ndi kuukira amphamvu mwa mphamvu thanki anatha madzulo kutenga malo yothandizira, kupita mwakuya mu chitetezo makilomita anayi.

Tsiku lotsatira, mdani anapitiriza ntchito zoyesayesa chachikulu kuukira osaleka kugumula chitetezo Union. Machenjerero a Red Army sanalole asilikali lopondereza zina makilomita asanu ndi awiri mu zone wake mwatsatanetsatane. Ndege mu Opaleshoni Spring Kugalamuka wakhala akukumana ndi chiwerengero cha mavuto chifukwa cha zochitika zachilengedwe, ndicho, nthawi zambiri moti chifunga wotsika.

Nkhondoyi inatenga okwana masiku khumi. Panthawi imeneyi, chipani cha Nazi anakwanitsa kusuntha kwa makilomita 30. Nkhondo ya kulemera zosaneneka osiyana chiwerengero cha zipangizo (timva zikusonyeza kuti pa kilometre kutsogolo 60 akasinja), komanso chiwerengero cha nthawi nkhondowo, dziko la Germany anapezerapo amanyansidwa awo pafupifupi padziko koloko, ntchito usiku m'masomphenya Goggles. Komabe, kutulukira analephera kuti asilikali Danube Nazi. Losses anali wamkulu kwambiri, ndipo lamulo German anali ndi chochita, momwe falitsani kuukira. ntchito inatha March 15. A asilikali Soviet pafupifupi popanda yopuma unkatchedwa amanyansidwa ndi Vienna.

Zotsatira za nkhondo

Imfa ya wina nkhondo ambiri achilendo za makumi a zikwi. Malinga ndi mbali Soviet, Red Army anataya pafupifupi 33 chikwi. Limene za 8.5 zikwi. Ntanda. Imfa ya ku Germany analipo pa 40 chikwi. Man, komanso mayunitsi 800 zosiyanasiyana zimagalimoto ndi ndege zoposa 200.

Kuyambira pachiyambi mu 1945 (Opaleshoni Spring Kugalamuka komanso) anasonyeza sizidzatha ludzu chigonjetso cha anthu amene ankadwala Anazi kwambiri monga. Mwamwayi ife, masiku zoopsa yatha, koma chikumbukiro cha zochita za makolo athu ndi grandfathers mu mitima ndi miyoyo ya anthu lero. Chaka chino m'pamene zaka 70 Opaleshoni Spring Kugalamuka - ndi kuphana aukali ndi aukali pa iwonso lomaliza. Njira, omwe anali nawo mmenemo, ndi kukhala kwambiri kapena zochepa boma lonse tsopano poyera monga zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho mu chapakati Museum magalimoto oti muli nazo zida m'dera Moscow.