Nthawi Chovuta pa nthaka Russian: m'ma 13 - nthawi ya nkhondo

Pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana m'zaka za m'ma otsiriza, m'derali mobwerezabwereza anayesa kugonjetsa Russia, ndipo sikuthandiza, osasweka, lero. nthawi Chovuta chiyani zisadzachitikenso m'mbiri ya dziko la Russia. Koma ichi, monga m'nthawi ya 13, nthawi yovuta anaopseza kwambiri kuli boma sanali, zikuoneka kuti ngakhale patsogolo kapena pambuyo. kuukira kunachitika, ndi kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera ndi aggressors zosiyanasiyana. Times ndi amphamvu m'dziko Russian.

Lazaro m'zaka 13

Ndi iye akuimira Kumayambiriro kwa Constantinople 13 m'ma monga malo auzimu wataya kukopa kwake. M'mayiko ena (mwachitsanzo, Bulgaria, Serbia) kuzindikira ulamuliro ndi ukulu wa Chikatolika. A chitetezo cha dziko Orthodox amakhala Russia, ndiye komabe - Kiev. Koma m'dera sanali yunifolomu. Pamaso pa nkhondo ya Batu Khan ndi miyanda ya Russian Mir anali maukulu ochepa chifukwa chofuna kutchuka okha. Kukuchitika nkhondo akalonga achibale, sanali amathandiza kuti gulu la ankhondo united, angathe kupereka kukana abwino Aisiraeli. Izi chinabweretsa izo zichitike nthawi yovuta pa nthaka Russian.

Nkhondo ya Batu

Mu 1227 masamba Khan wa moyo, wamkulu kum'maŵa wankhondo. Pakhala kusokonekera kwa mphamvu pakati pa abale yachibadwa. Imodzi mwa zidzukulu, Batu, anali ndi khalidwe makamaka pankhondo ndi matalente gulu. Anasonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu la asilikali mwa mfundo (anthu penapake kuzungulira 140 zikwi), wopangidwa mwa wongosamukasamuka ndi mercenaries. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1237 nkhondo inayambika. asilikali Russian anali zochepa ambiri (mpaka anthu 100 zikwi) ndipo zidzabalalika. Choncho, anataya komvetsa chisoni asilikali a Kalka. Zingaoneke, apa pali mwayi pamodzi ndi kukumanizana mdani. Koma akalonga a osankhika kulamulira anapitiriza ndewu, ndipo Novgorod, kumpoto, ndi mphamvu zatsopano kunabuka zachiwawa. Chifukwa - chiwonongeko zina za maukulu. Choyamba Ryazansky, ndiye - Vladimir-Suzdalsky. Kolomna, Moscow unawononge- ... Vladimir, Baty anapita ku Novgorod, koma osati kufika, anatembenukira kum'mwera ndipo analowa steppe Polovtsian - kubwezeretsanso mphamvu. Mu 1240 magulu a Batu bwinja Chernihiv, Kyiv, analowa Ulaya, Mongol ankhondo anabwera mpaka ku Adriatic. Koma kenako anasiya nkhondo madera. Ndiyeno - anagwa pa nthawi yovuta m'dziko Russian. Bicentennial goli anakhazikitsa kwa zaka ziwiri pambuyo kuwukira, ndipo anasonyeza kupereka msonkho kwa m'mayiko onse anagonjetsa Chitata olamulira. Pamene mbiri yakale amati, izo zinatha kokha mu 1480.

Kuopseza ndi kumadzulo

nthawi Chovuta pa mavuto Russian nthaka sanali okha kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera m'zaka 13. Ngati pali nkhondo zambiri Maulendo Chilango kumadzulo kwa dziko kumene nkhondo zonse anali kuukira mosalekeza. Russia nkhondo mphamvu zonse asilikali a Sweden, Lithuanians, Germany. Mu 1239 mfumu ya Sweden atuma anyankhondo lalikulu ndi Novgorod. Koma m'chaka chomwecho, asilikali a Sweden anathamangitsidwa kumbuyo ndipo anagonjetsa (analanda Smolensk). Pa Neva asilikali Russian komanso anali wopambana. Prince a Novgorod, Alexander anatsogolera kumuwombera anagonjetsa zida zamphamvu ndiponso kuphunzitsa khamu Swedish. Kwa chipulumutso adatchedwa Nevsky (panthawi imeneyo ngwazi anali ndi zaka 20 zokha!). Mu 1242-mamita kuchotsa Germany kuchokera Pskov. Ndipo Alexander m'chaka chomwecho, kuchititsa amasokoneza asilikali Knight mu nkhondo on Lake Peipus (Battle wa Ice). Knights anapha ambiri moti ndi Order Livonia kwa zaka 10, kodi sangapite kuukira dziko Russian. Ngakhale ambiri nkhondo ya Novgorod ndipo anapambana, komabe anali wolemera kwambiri, nthawi zovuta pa nthaka Russian.

Dziko lonse (kalasi 4)

Kufotokoza, tikhoza kunena zambiri zambiri, lonse 13 atumwi mbiri ya Russia zinali zovuta ulamuliro akalonga-pamwamba, ndi anthu wamba, amene anafa nakhetsa magazi chifukwa cha yaitali ndi zambiri ntchito ya usilikali. Mongol goli, ndithudi, bwanji chitukuko cha boma Russian ndiponso chuma umoyo wa mizinda, anakakamizika kupereka msonkho. Ndi ndewu ndi Akhristu chifukwa cha kufunikira kwake alemekezedwa mwa mafilimu ndi mabuku. Nkhanizi angagwiritsidwe ntchito phunziro pa mutu wakuti: "nthawi yovuta pa nthaka Russian (kalasi 4)."