Yugoslavia. Nkhondo Yugoslavia: Chronicle wa Events

atasemphana Political wa mayiko monga USA ndi USSR, umene unatha ku 40s m'ma kwa 90s oyambirira a atumwi wotsiriza, ndi konse akufotokozera mu nkhondo yeniyeni asilikali, kwachititsa kuti zikamera liwu monga Chidani nkhondo. Yugoslavia - wakale zokomera anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana dziko, limene linayamba lidzangowonongeka pafupifupi imodzi ndi Soviet Union. chifukwa chachikulu chinali incitement kuti chiyambi cha nkhondo usilikali, chinali chokhumba cha West kukhazikitsa kukopa kwake mu madera onse amene poyamba anali m'gulu la Soviet Union.

Nkhondo Yugoslavia inkakhala ndi mndandanda wa nkhondo, womwe unatenga zaka 10 - kuyambira mu 1991 mpaka mu 2001, ndipo zinapangitsa kuti azingokhala boma zinachititsa kuti mapangidwe madera osiyanasiyana matanthauzo palokha. Panali yapakati-mtundu kumenyana khalidwe, omwe anali nawo Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, Albania ndi ku Makedoniya. Nkhondo Yugoslavia anayamba chifukwa cha tiganizira mitundu ndi zipembedzo. zinthu zimenezi zinachitika mu Europe, anakhala okha wamagazi ndi nthawi ya 1939-1945.

Slovenia

Nkhondo Yugoslavia anayamba ndi nkhondo pa 25 June - 4 July 1991 Njira ya zochitika amabwerera kulengeza unilateral za ufulu wa Slovenia, chifukwa pakati pa iye ndi Yugoslavia, nkhondo inayambika. utsogoleri mabwalo a watenga kulamulira malire ndi mpweya onse danga la dziko. Local mayunitsi asilikali anayamba kukonzekera kulanda wa JNA m'chipindacho.

Yugoslavia Anthu a Gidiau anakumana kukana koopsa magulu m'deralo. The mopupuluma anamangidwira okwatiranawo ndi oletsedwa njira anatsata asilikali JNA. Mabwalo anatsimikizidwa yolimbikitsa, ndipo atsogoleri akatulukire kwa ena a ku Ulaya.

Nkhondo itatha chifukwa cha kusaina wa Brioni pangano, amene obliges ndi JNA kuletsa nkhondo, ndi Slovenia anali miyezi itatu suspend kusaina Chikalata pa kulengeza ufulu wodzilamulira. Kuluza kwa gulu lankhondo la Yugoslavia wapangidwa ndi anthu 45 kuphedwa ndi 146 anavulazidwa, ndi Chisiloveniya, motero, 19 ndi 182.

Posachedwa makonzedwe SFRY anakakamizika kuvomereza kugonjetsedwa ndi kulandira ufulu wa Slovenia. Pomaliza, ndi JNA asilikali ake ku malire a boma latsopano.

Croatia

Pambuyo Slovenia ufulu wodzilamulira ku Yugoslavia, mbali Chisebiya wa anthu m'deralo, anayesa kulenga dziko palokha. Iwo ndi cholinga kuti detach choona kuti akungonama zonse kumaphwanya ufulu wa anthu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, Odzipatula anayamba kulenga otchedwa mayunitsi adziteteze. Croatia ankalitenga tsikuli ngati kuyesa mwa inalowa yake Serbia ndi mlandu adani ake thambo kuti August 1991, anayamba zikuluzikulu nkhondo.

Pa 40% ya dziko anali pa nkhondo. Croatia ankafuna kuti amuchotsepo Serbia ndi kuchotsa JNA. Ongodzipereka amene mukufuna kuti apeze ufulu yaitali, ogwirizana magulu a alonda ndipo magulu onse adafunafuna pamodzi ndi mabanja awo ufulu.

Bosnia nkhondo

1991-1992 chaka chinali chiyambi cha njira yomenyera mavuto mu Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, umene anasolola Yugoslavia. The nkhondo nthawi chakukhudza imodzi osati Republic, komanso malo ake oyandikana. Chifukwa cha nkhondo imeneyi wakhala chidwi cha NATO, EU ndi UN.

Panthawi imeneyi nkhondo kunachitika pakati Bosnia Asilamu ndi awo co-achipembedzo, ratuyuschimi kwa kudziyimira pawokha, komanso Croatia ndi Serbia ndi magulu okhala ndi zida. Pa chiyambi cha kugalukira zosemphana ndi inaswedwa JNA. Patapita tinapeza mphamvu NATO, mercenaries ndi odzipereka ochokera mbali zosiyana.

Mu February 1992, mwatsatanetsatane anapangidwa pa gulu la Republic m'magulu 7 awiri amene anali kupita Croatia ndi Asilamu, ndi atatu - ku Serbia. mgwirizano umenewu sichinayambe ovomerezedwa ndi mutu a magulu Bosnia wa Alija Izetbegovic. Croat ndi Serb nationalists ankanena kuti unali mwayi chabe kuti mkangano, ndiye nkhondo ku Yugoslavia anapitiriza kukopa chidwi cha pafupifupi onse opezeka m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Zachitetezo anagwirizana ndi Bosnians Asilamu, kuti analengedwa Army la Republic of Bosnia ndi Herzegovina. Mu May 1992, ARBiH inasanduka boma asilikali a tsogolo boma palokha. Pang'ono Nkhondo itatha chifukwa cha kusaina sikapangano Dayton, amene anatsimikiza kapangidwe oyendetsera dziko la masiku palokha Bosnia ndi Herzegovina.

Opaleshoni "mwadala kukakamiza"

Zinali malamulo dzina la bombardment mlengalenga udindo Serb zosemphana kunkhondo ku Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, omwe anatsogolera NATO. Chifukwa kukulozani ntchito anatumikira monga kuphulika mu 1995 m'dera la msika Markale. Kudziwa perpetrators analephera la uchigawenga, koma NATO wapatsa udindo zimene zinachitikira Serbia, amene m'gulu anakana kuti mupewe zida zake ku Sarajevo.

Choncho, mbiri ya nkhondo Yugoslavia anapitiriza ntchito "kuganizira za mphamvu ya" usiku August 30, 1995. Cholinga chake chinali kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kumenya Serb pa mabacteria ndi otetezedwa, amene anakhazikitsa NATO. Ndege UK, USA, Germany, France, Spain, Turkey ndi Netherlands anayamba pomenyana Serb maudindo.

Milungu iwiri, izo zinapangidwa flights zoposa zikwi zitatu a ndege NATO. Zotsatira zake zinali kuwonongedwa kwa makhazikitsidwe mabomba Rada, malo ndi zipolopolo ndi manja, milatho kugwirizana telefoni ndi zomangamanga zina zofunika. Ndipo, ndithudi, cholinga chachikulu anali mwaife: Serbia kumanzere Sarajevo ndi makina lolemera.

Kosovo

Nkhondo Yugoslavia anapitiriza nkhondo inayamba pakati pa mwachangu ndi Odzipatula Albania mu 1998. Anthu a Kosovo anafuna kuti apeze ufulu. Patapita chaka chimodzi, zinthu mu NATO kanthu, kotero kuti ntchito anayamba pansi pa dzina "anagwirizana Force".

nkhondo imeneyi ndi mwadongosolo limodzi ndi kuyan'anila za ufulu wa anthu, zomwe zinachititsa kuti ovulala ambiri ndi nthenda yaikulu anthu ochokera - patangopita miyezi yochepa inayamba nkhondo, panali chikwi akufa ndipo anavulazidwa, ndi othawa oposa 2 zikwi ... Zotsatira zake za nkhondo chigamulocho wa United Nations mu 1999, chimene icho chinali chosakayikitsa yopewera resumption cha nkhondoyi ndi kubwerera kwa Kosovo ulamuliro wa Yugoslavia. Council Security kuonetsetsa kuti anthu, kuyang'aniridwa kanthu wanga, ndi demilitarization wa KLA (Kosovo Kutulutsidwa Army) ndi magulu okhala ndi zida a ku Albania.

"Opaleshoni anagwirizana Force"

Yoweyula chachiwiri cha nkhondo ya North Atlantic Alliance mu mwachangu zinachitika kuyambira March 24 mpaka June 10, 1999 ntchito unachitika pa zapachiweniweni mu Kosovo. Kenako la International Khoti anatsimikizira udindo wa asilikali a chitetezo cha mwachangu kwa milandu imene inachitika ndi anthu Albania. Makamaka, "Lingalirani mphamvu" pa opaleshoni yoyamba.

Akuluakulu Yugoslavia anaona 1.7 zikwi. Anthu akufa, 400 amene anali ana. . About 10 zikwi anthu anavulala ndipo 821 - anali atasowa. Kusaina usilikali zaumisiri mgwirizano pakati NATO ndi JNA kutha bombardment lapansi. Mphamvu za NATO ndi utsogoleli lonse anayamba kulamulira derali. Patapita nthawi, mphamvu zimenezi anapatsidwa Albania yosiyanasiyana.

Kumwera Serbia

Mkangano pakati pa oletsedwa gulu zida imene inkatchedwa "Kumasuka Army la Medvedja, Bujanovac ndi Presevo" ndipo FR Yugoslavia. Pamwamba pa ntchito Serbia chinachitikira ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ku Macedonia.

Nkhondo ku Yugoslavia kale, pang'ono kusiya akafika mapangano ena pakati NATO ndi Belgrade mu 2001, zomwe amayenda adzabwerenso mphamvu Yugoslavia kwa zone pansi chitetezo. Komanso mapangano anali atalembedwa mapangidwe polisi, komanso ndi Amnesty zigaŵenga, amene anaganiza mwaufulu mudzipereke.

Kukangana mu Presevo Valley ankanena miyoyo ya anthu 68, 14 amene anali apolisi. zigawenga Albania ikuchitika kuukira 313, zomwe zapha anthu 14 (9 wa iwo anapulumutsidwa, koma tsoka kwa anayi amakhalabe osadziwika lero).

Macedonia

Chifukwa nkhondo m'dziko lino palibe kusiyana mikangano yoyamba Yugoslavia. The atasemphana zinachitika pakati Odzipatula Albania ndi Amakedoniya pa ambiri a 2001

zinthu zinayamba kuipa mu January, pamene boma la Republic aonapo milandu kawirikawiri mokwiya ndi asilikali ndi apolisi. Monga Chimakedoniya chitetezo utumiki sanatenge kanthu, anthu anaopseza kuti kudziletsa kugula zida. Pambuyo pake, kuyambira January kwa November 2001 panali kusiyana zonse ndi Amakedoniya a magulu Albania. The zochitika kwambiri wamagazi zinachitika mu mzinda wa Tetovo.

Chifukwa, akuvutika chifukwa cha nkhondo ya Macedonia panali anthu 70, ndi Odzipatula Albania - za 800. Nkhondo itatha ndi kusaina sikapangano Ohrid pakati Macedonia ndi magulu Albania kuti anatsogolera Republic kupambana pa kulimbana ufulu ndi kusintha kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa moyo wamtendere. Nkhondo Yugoslavia, amafotokoza za zochitika zomwe mwalamulo itha November 2001 zoona, ulipobe. Tsopano ali khalidwe la kunyanyala zosiyanasiyana ndi kumenyana ndi mfuti kale linali Yugoslavia.

Zotsatira za nkhondo

Mu nthawi unawonongedwa izo adalenga mayiko Wachifwamba Khoti la Yugoslavia kale. chikalata ichi wabwezeretsa chilungamo akuvutika nkhondo ku mayiko onse (kupatula Slovenia). anthu enieni, osati magulu, amagwira ntchito analakwira anthu, apezeka ndi chilango.

Pa 1991-2001 ,. m'dziko la Yugoslavia kale ilo linagwa pafupifupi 300 zikwi. mabomba ndi linatulutsidwa pa 1 zikwi mivi.. Pankhondo ya mayiko munthu ufulu zatenganso mbali ya NATO, amene kanthu nthawi mwankhanza wa akuluakulu Yugoslavia. Nkhondo Yugoslavia, zaka ndi zochitika zomwe atenga miyoyo ya anthu ambiri a anthu wamba, chiyenera kukhala phunziro kwa anthu, chifukwa ngakhale mu moyo wathu masiku ano ayenera osati kuzindikira, koma kudzera zonse kuthandiza chotero osalimba mtendere padziko lonse.