St. Louis: yonena ndipo ufumu wake

The French mfumu Saint Louis analowa mbiri ya dziko lapansi monga wolamulira basi ndi wanzeru. Uyamiko kwa Iye, France anakumana ndi maluwa a wauzimu, amene sanawone dziko lililonse ku Ulaya. Zonsezi anapereka mfumu ulemu anthu chikondi chawo, ndi kuzindikira. Ndipo ngakhale lero, kukumbukira zikadali amakhala mu mitima ya French.

mfumu ubwana

Louis IX anabadwa mu April 1214 ku Prussia. bambo ake anali wolandira akulu wachifumu French, Louis VIII, monga mayi - Blanche wa Castile. Kuyambira ndili mwana mayi wake ndi maphunziro wauzimu wa mwana, pamene iye anali Mkhristu wodzipereka.

zakale ndiponso mabuku St. Louis amatitsimikizira kuti mfumu wamng'ono anali mphatso wophunzira. Aphunzitsi ake ngakhale kuona kuti mwamsanga iye akufotokozera maluso atsopano ndi chidziwitso. Zimenezi anakondweretsa kwambiri bambo ake Louis, amene anaona lalikulu mwana wake.

mavuto nthawi

Mu 1223 Louis VIII anabwera wachifumu wa France. Mu ulamuliro wake, namtsata ndondomeko bambo ake, Ine ndikutanthauza kuyesetsa kulimbitsa malire dziko ndi kupondereza kupanduka analeredwa ndi atumiki British. Kalanga ine, zinali zovuta kuchita popeza kuti adaniwo ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu. Choncho, njira yokhayo yotulukira anali Kampeni, waluso yolimbikitsa mozungulira Mfumu ya apamwamba French.

Izi ulendo chifukwa Louis VIII inasanduka tsoka wathunthu. Kukhala pa maiko Muslim, iye anagwira kamwazi, amene sanali wakutheker kugonjetsa. Mu October 1226 mfumuyo inafa, kudutsa gulu la dziko mwana wake Louis IX. Ndizo chabe pangano la mfumu inalibe ndi mzera ponena ndendende yemwe akanati regent wolamulira wachinyamata.

Chifukwa cha ichi, France anayamba internecine ndewu, analumphira dzikoli kukhala chisokonezeko yochepa. Chabwino, Blanche wa Castile anali amphamvu wofuna mkazi mwamsanga kuletsedwa obetcha ake onse osafunika. Ndiponso, kusonyeza nzeru kuposa kale lonse komanso nzeru, anakhoza kupambana nkhondo ziwiri: woyamba - ndi Albigenses, wachiwiri - ndi British. Zimenezi zinathandiza France kutsogolera dziko, potero akukonzekera nthaka yachonde kwa ulamuliro wa mwana wake.

Mfumu wamng'ono

St. Louis wakula wolamulira wanzeru. zochita zonse inayesetsa ndipo sanapite pa za zilakolako zawo. Zimenezi zinkathandiza kuti kuyanjidwa atumiki ake, amene anaona ngati mtsogoleri woyenera amene safuna anawaika pa maondo awo. Mwina n'chifukwa chake, Louis IX, mmodzi wa mafumu ochepa, kwa amene kumbuyo amachita bwalo zokhota osati ankaluka.

Tikumbukenso kuti maphunziro mayi wauzimu ndi wokhazikika maganizo a achinyamata. Iye Pamilunguyo mosamalitsa malamulo woyera, ndi kuwaphunzitsa. Ungwiro ndi makhalidwe abwino kwa Louis IX anali mu malo oyamba. Ndipo zinaonekeratu mu zonse: zochita zake, nkhani malamulo ndi malangizo. Kenako, mayi ake ananena kuti tiyenera kudziwa za imfa ya mwana wake, kuposa kuti anachita tchimo.

Komabe, St. Louis sanali yosangalala kapena kudzipatula. Mfumu wamng'ono, monga ambiri olemekezeka French anakonda zovala woyengeka. Iye ankakonda kuyesa zovala zatsopano, mmkudzionetsera pamaso onse kukoma. kufooka wina wa mfumu, anali akavalo. Rumor ali kuti makola yake akavalo kwambiri mu dziko, amene mtengo kusiyana ndi bajeti wapachaka wa khoti kalaliki.

wolamulira Ukwati

Monga tanena kale, mayi anga anali ndi mphamvu pa Louis IX. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anaganiza kupeza machesi oyenera kwa mwana wake. Ataiona kwambiri, anasankhidwa Margaret cha Provence - wamkazi Reymundo Berenguer IV. Umodzi uwu unali zaphindu ndale chifukwa onsewo, ngati mmene guarantor mtendere pakati France ndi County la Provence.

Vuto lokha ubale wa Louis ndi Marguerite. Koma vuto Blanche wa Castile anapulumutsa kuyamika kugwirizana ndi Papa Gregory IX. Mu January 1234 izo anapereka chikalata wapadera natsimikiza kumbali ndi chiyero cha ukwati. Miyezi isanu St. Louis ndi Margaret cha Provence m'banja.

Koma chinthu chimodzi akadali Blanca miscalculated. Atakwatirana, kunapezeka kuti mwana wamkazi wamng'ono ali ndithu khalidwe wamakani. Komanso, amachita zambiri ngati zimene Louis kudalira mayi ake. Ichi chinali chifukwa tasiya, amene tsopano ndiyeno kunabuka pakati pa akazi awiri.

Chintchito loyamba

Ambiri mwa mavuto oyambirira St. Louis anagonjetsa chifukwa cha thandizo la mayi wake. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri a anthu otchuka kwa nthawi yaitali sanaone kuti mtsogoleri pano, akhoza kusamalira osati ndi mawu achifundo komanso akuopsa nkhonya. Zonse zinasintha panthawi imene French litalanda dziko limene English Mfumu Henry III ku chiyembekezo cha ayambirenso kamodzi anataya wamba.

Louis IX si mphenzi anasonkhana asilikali komanso tactically anasankha bwino njira nkhondo. Chifukwa ichi anamvetsa chigonjetso opanda cholakwa pa mdani pa Talebure mu 1242. Pankhaniyi, mfumu French anali wachifundo kwa mbali yoluza. Iye anapereka lamulo kulola British amapita mwakachetechete kunyumba. Komanso, anabwerera patapita kanthawi Henry III madera mukukhala, mogwirizana ndi zolinga zawo Mkhristu.

Choyamba Kampeni King

Louis IX kuyambira ndili wamng'ono ankafuna kupita pa Kampeni. Zinali loto lake, analimbikitsa chikhulupiriro cholimba mwa Mulungu. Choncho, mu 1244 mfumu anadwala, atsogoleri ankaona kuti chizindikiro. Anagwirizana kuti machiritso abwere kwa iye pokhapokha St. Louis lotsogoleredwa ndi asilikali ake pa Kampeni chiwiri. Ndipo ndithudi, kunali koyenera kuti atenge ndodo mfumu woyendayenda ndi kupeza madalitso Papa, monga matenda anabwerera.

Kukonzekera nkhondo zomenyera watsopano (chiwiri) inatha m'chilimwe cha 1248. Ndipo mu September, asilikali a mfumu pamodzi ndi aulendo a anafika Cyprus. Pali iwo anakhazikitsa staging positi, kuti anayamba ulendo wautali m'mayiko Muslim. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ku Yerusalemu St. Louis ankafuna kudutsa mu Iguputo anali kuopsa kwambiri kusuntha.

Poyamba, Kukwezeleza kumtunda zapita mwachilungamo msanga. Mu June 1249 ndi Akhristu ngakhale adzatha mzinda angaloŵe doko Damietta. Koma ndi kumene kupambana wanzeru zoposa. Madzi osefukira wa Nile kulimbikitsa kokha momwe zinthu zikusinthira. Asilikali a Louis, asakhalenso cholinga awo, anataya kumenyana mzimu kwachititsa internecine ndewu.

Komabe, vuto lalikulu anakhala Saracens. Pa asilikali downtime anali wokhoza kupanga asilikali amphamvu angathe kukhala ndi kukana aliyense. Koma ngakhale zinali chifukwa kugonjetsedwa kwa Akhristu. Kusankha machenjerero cholakwika, Louis anatsogolera anthu ake Ford m'dera la mtsinje, kumene anakumana ndi gulu lankhondo la Asilamu. Ambiri mwa asilikali anaphedwa pa malopo, ndipo mfumuyo yekha analandidwa.

Louis phindu osati anaphedwa. M'malo Saracens adamfunsa dipo lalikulu ndi kubwerera kwa Damietta. Mwachibadwa, mfumu sakanakhoza kukana zinthu zimenezi, kenako yomweyo anamasulidwa. Koma kunyumba, iye anali chabe mu 1254, kuyambira nthawi yaitali mu Iguputo, akumatchula zinthu kubwerera akaidi otsala.

mfumu yanzeru

Buku la ntchito za St. Louis, lolembedwa ndi chi wake, limatiuza zimene lakwaniritsa kupambana pa kayendetsedwe ka mfumu ya dziko lake. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti phindu lalikulu kwambiri wamakono wa a sitimayo. Kotero, iye anapereka malamulo ndi malamulo kuti ntchito kwa nzika zonse, kaya olemekezeka kapena anthu wamba.

Komanso, French potsiriza ndi mwayi ndikaonekere nkhani iliyonse ya kukhoti, akatulukire kwa yachifumu. Iwo akhoza kupempha maloya malamulo chithandizo kapena anzake. Zikomo kuti anthu imeneyi anakonda kwambiri mfumu yake ndi apamwamba zonse akuyimba pa chiyambi cha nzeru zake ndi nzeru.

Chinanso chofunika chinali njira yoika prevote. Mwachidule, mfumu anagawa dziko lake pa 12 m'maboma zodziwika bwino. N'zotheka kuthetsa kusamvana zonse zokhudzana lamanja la m'manja pansi. Kuwonjezera St. Louis anayambitsa umodzi ndalama mayiko, amene opareshoni mu France.

wamanga kwambiri

Mu ulamuliro wa Louis IX oposa Matchalitchi khumi ndi mchitidwe umenewu anamangidwa ku France. iye ndiye anaganiza asilikali a tchalitchi ku Reims, anamanga agulupa ya Royaumont Abbey, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa ichi, ngakhale French tsopano ganizirani za katswiri mapulani wa Gothic Ages Middle.

Komanso, ngakhale kunja kwa ufumu wake pali tiakachisi wodzipereka kwa mfumu yanzeru. Mwachitsanzo, polemekeza mfumu linamangidwa ndi Cathedral wa St. Louis, limene lili mu Tunisia.

Chitatu Kampeni: imfa ya Mfumu

Ndimalota kugonjetsa dziko Muslim sanasiye mtima wa Louis IX. Choncho, 1269, Iye akusonkhanitsa ankhondo kuti apite ku Kampeni lotsatira. Mu March 1270 asilikali a masauzande ambiri Akhristu anafika Tunisia, motsogoleredwa ndi mfumu yawo. Komabe, Louis, kukumbukira kugonjetsedwa kwake, anaganiza kuti ndifulumire ndi isanayambike ndi kudikira bola sichitipeza kwa ena a magulu m'dzikoli.

Ndi lingaliro ili pambuyo pake anapha mfumu French. A khamu lalikulu la anthu kwachititsa kuti mliri wa matenda osadziwika, amene inasanduka mliri weniweni. Mwana woyamba wa Mfumu Tristan anamwalira, ndipo pambuyo pake, pa August 25 ndipo anafa St. Louis. Mufilimuyi, anawomberedwa ndi BBC posachedwapa, ikulongosola wabwino wa masiku otsiriza a wolamulira wamkulu, anachititsa popemphera nthawi zonse ndipo amalangidwa za wosagonjetsedwa Yerusalemu.

Kukumbukira Louis IX

Mtengo Mfumu yanzeru zinali zofunika a m'nthawi yake. Makamaka mu August 1297, Papa Bonifesi VIII mfumu lili pa nambala pakati pa oyera. Pamenepo mfumu anayamba kuitana Saint Louis wa France. Osachepera wosyasyalika za iye alimkuyankhula, mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti anapatsa dziko mtendere akufuna ndi mtendere.

Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti pomulemekeza anamangidwira mipingo ingapo ndipo zipilala chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale mu Moscow, likulu Russian ali ndi kachisi wa Louis Woyera, dzina lake ndendende dzina womwewo wa chachikulu cha wolamulira French.