Philip II Macedon: nkhondo ya Chaeroneia

Nkhondo ya Chaeronea anatenga pafupifupi ziwiri ndi theka zaka zikwi zapitazo. Komabe, kukumbukira izo anapulumuka masiku ano. Komanso, ena mbali akadali chifukwa kusamvetsetsana pakati pa olemba mbiri ndi ofukula. nkhondo ya kutanthauzira amachititsa mkangano waukulu mu Greek ndi Chimakedoniya anthu (Asilavo Republic of Macedonia). Pa mapu a dziko lapansi, watsopano mphamvu boma, lomwe linali kusintha kalekale.

Komanso, iwo Chaeronea loyamba anali wotchuka dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky.

zifukwa

Mu zaka 350 ya BC ndi ikupita patsogolo Chimakedoniya ufumu. chikhalidwe cha Agiriki akadali wamphamvu kwambiri m'derali. Panthawi imeneyi Hellas yokha imene'yi unagawanika. Pali zingapo palokha kwathunthu mzinda-limati, otchedwa ndondomeko. Pankhaniyi, dziko lililonse ngakhale palokha ndi mphamvu kwambiri pachilumbachi. Iwo anali kwambiri dongosolo msonkho zosonkhanitsira, mabungwe anthu, gulu lake lankhondo. Mzinda uliwonse akhoza kusonkhanitsa monga asilikali zonse ndi ankhondo. Pa nthawi yomweyo nthawi zambiri anali kulimbana pakati pa ndondomeko. Kamodzi pa malo amodzi ena infighting, ndiye ntchito kufooka woyandikana ndi mzake ndi kulimbikitsa udindo wake. Agiriki anali kalikiliki malonda ndi East, ndi kumpoto. Komabe, pafupifupi aliyense kupatula yekha, ankaona akunjawo ndi opusa mbuli. Choncho mayamwidwe wozengereza chikhalidwe.

Rise of Macedonia

Macedonia ndi mphamvu zambiri centralized. Akuluakulu unachitikira ku manja a oligarchs, pa adayima mfumu. Mpando wachifumuwo kusiyana wamagazi zinachitika nthawi zonse.

Pafupifupi mfumu ya Macedonia akuphedwa. Major udindo mu dziko unachita nkhondo. chikhalidwe akhoza ngati Greek anafotokoza, koma anasunga miyambo yakale m'deralo. kusiyana wamng'ono anali ndinazindikira nthawi yomweyo Agiriki. Anamunyoza Amakedoniya, kuphatikizapo achibale awo akunjawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye Macedonia ndinayamba wamphamvu kwambiri m'derali. Pang'onopang'ono anapata Pang. M'dziko lino panali kuchuluka yaikulu migodi. Mfumu Philip II anakonza kukula kwa mphamvu ndi wokonzeka kugonjetsa m'mayiko Greek.

Southing

Nkhondo pakati pa Makedoniya ndi Hellas sanali chinthu chatsopano ndipo anali kale izi. Koma zinali pansi Philip kuopseza anagonjetsa Greece anawuka. Komanso, chifukwa ang'ono a zikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu zofanana ndi vuto kuloŵerera zinachitika. Zimenezi ena otchuka azandale a Greece amaona positive. Mwachitsanzo, Isocrates ankakhulupirira kuti munthu wolimba mphamvu centralized angapulumutse Macedonia ndondomeko unagawanika anthu. Koma ambiri a limati olamulira sankaona mgwirizano ndi Philip chinachake zingamuthandize anali okonzeka kumupatsa atangokanidwa mwachangu.

Mu 338 Amakedoniya anapita kugonjetsa ndondomeko Greece.

Magulu a zipani: Amakedoniya

Nkhondo ya Chaeronea kumanzere mafunso ambiri, mayankho amene olemba mbiri osiyana kupereka osiyana. Mmodzi wa awa - amati chiwerengero cha asilikali. M'masiku amenewo linali olemba osiyana amakonda kukokomeza chiwerengero cha asilikali chidwi kwambiri, epic, kapena zifukwa zina. Nambala yolondola kwambiri wa asilikali wa ku Makedoniya ndi chiwerengero cha anthu zikwi makumi atatu. Kukwera kwa Boeotia zinakonzedwa kale. Za iye ankadziwa za asilikali pafupifupi, komanso mfumu mwana - Alexander. Kuyambira ndili wamng'ono bambo ake anamuphunzitsa iye luso la nkhondo, anaikira zinthu zake zonse. Maziko a asilikali ku Makedoniya anali ndi asilikali zonse, alemba ntchito ochokera m'mayiko awo ndi m'manja. Lililonse limakhala anali muyezo onyamula kwa Filipo.

Amuna onyamula makamaka ndi nthungo, sesquioxides malupanga ndi zishango. Monga ntchito rawhide zida kapena unyolo makalata zida. A mbali yaikulu mu nkhondo a nthawi imeneyo ankaimba apakavalo. Okwera anali ochepa asilikali a m'mayiko onse. Kuwonjezera pa zikwi makumi atatu phazi mfumu anatenga apakavalo iye zikwi ziwiri.

Magulu a zipani: Ahelene

Zonse Agiriki ndi Chimakedoniya nkhondo chinachititsa kuti njira yeniyeni mu chochitika cha nkhondo ya ku Makedoniya. City-States makamu lalikulu kuimirira. Pa pasadakhale msonkhano asilikali. Nzika iliyonse anayenera kukhala asilikali luso, choncho nkhondo pa nkhondo yomwe. Pawiri ambiri a Agiriki anali "hoplites". Izi namtindi. Iwo anali atakonzekera ndi atatu-mita mkondo, chishango kwambiri, lupanga yaing'ono. Monga zida ntchito ndi zida kuwala, bracers, wogontha zisoti. Hoplites patsogolo phalanx. Mu lililonse limakhala, panali pafupifupi 250 anthu. Iwo anaukira mmaudindo, pochita kutema nkhonya ndi lonyansa chishango mdani. Mu zina, hoplites anali wina kuwaza mkondo - amathamangira. Iye chitaya chabe asanagwe.

usilikali zikuchitika kwa zaka ziwiri. Nkhondo ya Chaeronea kwambiri anasintha machenjerero ndi zida hoplites m'tsogolo.

Kukonzekera nkhondo

asilikali Chimakedoniya zinachititsa kuti nkhondo panokha Korol Filipp. Nkhondo ya Chaeronea anali kukhala woyamba chiyeso a asilikali watsopano. asilikali pang'ono wosakwiya, kupulumutsa mphamvu. Ngakhale dzana nkhondo yaikulu patsogolo detachments kale kufufuza m'deralo. Agiriki anakwanitsa kutenga malo omasuka. Pa dzanja limodzi pambali wa asilikali awo chidafundidwa ndi mtsinje, ndi pa zina - kumapiriko. Agiriki anabwera ndi asilikali pafupifupi 30 chikwi. Ambiri a iwo anali nzika za hoplites, komanso mercenaries.

Ambiri a asirikali zolemera oyenda, woopsa kwambiri nkhondo pafupi, koma pa ayendetsa wochedwa. Anthu anali makamaka ku Atene Thebes. Komanso kuteteza Hellas anadza lodziwika bwino "Opatulika Band wa Thebes."

Kugwirizana kwa anthu mazana atatu osankhidwa, mkulu wa Maapatimenti ndi gulu bwino mu mfundo.

Philippe sanali ngati ambiri namtindi, ngati Agiriki. Choncho iye anayamba njira yapadera. Aatene ankadziwika kuti ferocity awo nkhondo. Kuswa kukhulupirika kwawo kunali kovuta. Komabe, zida katundu mwamsanga asilikali watopa. Choncho, ambiri anatenga wambirimbiri peltasts. Izi wakale ankhondo Greek kuwala. Iwo anali atakonzekera ndi javelins ndi zishango kuwala zopangidwa ndi chikopa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ankamenyana popanda zida. Peltasts osati anafuna mu pakatikati pa nkhondo. Adaponya mivi ya mdani chapatali. Kuwonjezera awa, ku Makedoniya anali slingers. asirikali awa sanafune kuti pang'ono kapena zida kupatula matumba wapadera. Iwo anaika miyala kuti slingers anam'ponya mdani ndi chingwe wapadera - gulaye.

Alexander Wamkulu anatsogolera asilikali bwino-mapiko - apakavalo.

nkhondo

Nkhondo ya Chaeronea anayamba pa 2 August. asilikali anafola mwa chionekedwe. Philip anatsogolera phalanx. Analamula apakavalo ndi kuuluka bwino phiko Alexander Wamkulu, mwana wa Filipo, amene panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 18. Agiriki anaima pa nsanja, kuchokera n'kosavuta kuukira. Makedoniya komanso anafola mwa chigwa. Agiriki analamula Hores, tidzakulowereni Stratocles, Theagenes ndi zina umunthu wotchuka.

Agiriki woyamba anasamukira ku nkhondo. Monga mwachizolowezi, iwo anali kuyembekeza kuti n'zosangalatsa kumva ndi Mkhalidwe ukulu wa mzere kukhudzana. Patangopita mphindi zochepa, zizindikirozo oyamba mbali kuukira pankhondo aukali. Coalition asilikali inshuwalansi kusunga ntchito zolimba ndi kutseka mdani.

Kudutsa pamaso pa nkhondo inayambika wamakani nkhondo. Nthawi zambiri, iwo anapambana amene akanatha kusunga dongosolo limodzi ndi kukankhira mdani chishango khoma, nthawi kuponya nkhonya. Chifukwa chikhalidwe ichi pa nkhondo magulu onse amangiriridwe ndi akumanidwa mwayi akamagwiritsa. Chigamulocho zotsatira za nkhondo, dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky. Nkhondo ya Chaeronea Agiriki zinkaoneka kuti anthu athana. Iwo ardently kumenyana mbamuikha ku Makedoniya. Ndiyeno Filipo analamula kuti abwerere. asilikali mwaukadauloZida anayamba abwerere ndi mwamphamvu anatseka pawo.

atasokonezeka

Agiriki anaona, inakwiya. Panali zolira "kufunafuna Macedonia mtima!" Hoplites anathamangira akuwatsatira. Komabe, loya linaphwanya dongosolo miyambo. Mfumu ankadziwa mavuto amenewa, monga ntchito machenjerero ofanana mu nkhondo ndi Thracians. Kamodzi Agiriki anathyola dongosolo lake, peltasts ndi slingers anayamba kuponya nthungo akubwera. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Alexander ndi apakavalo anakwanitsa kubooleza asilikali mdani ndi kudzatunga Aatene kuthawa. Kulephera anatanthauza pambali kuukira ku mbali ndi chilengedwe, omwe sakanakhoza kukana hoplites. Iwo anayamba kuthawa, kusiya zishango zawo. Ndipo kutaya chishango anali manyazi kwambiri chifukwa wankhondo. Ndipo ndi chionetsero cha "kubwerera ndi chishango kapena chikopa."

zotsatira

Malinga Diodorusi, zinagwera pafupifupi zikwi Ahelene nkhondo kawiri anaonekera mu ukapolo. Iwo anali inawonongedwa Wopatulika Band wa Thebes. Iye sanali kumbuyo uko, ndipo anaponya mikondo Makedoniya Ahelene. City Chaeronea anali kulamulidwa ndi asilikali tsarist tsiku lomwelo. Njira kumtunda kwa Greece linatsegulidwa. Atagonjetsedwa wa Union of Cities wa Chaeronea Macedonia pa mapu a Europe chawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi theka. City-limati anagonjetsa ndipo alonjeza kupereka msonkho. Komanso chokhala Hellas analumbira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa mfumu Chimakedoniya (kupatula Sparta). Mu chaka cha Nkhondo ya Chaeronea dziko poyamba Aleksandra Velikogo.