Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Ndani anapatsidwa malamulo ndi asilikali a USSR?

Mphoto ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya chilimbikitso, zomwe ndizovomerezeka kuzindikiritsa zoyenera. Mitundu yake yayikuru ku Russia ndi maudindo a Hero of Labor, Hero of Russia, maina ena olemekezeka, ma medali ndi malemba, madipatimenti, zizindikiro za ulemu, badges, mphoto, kulowa kwa Honor Board kapena Book of Honor, ndi kulengeza kwa kuyamikira, ndi zina. Malamulo ndi ndondomeko) pakati pawo amakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri.

Ntchito ya dziko lathu mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikondi

Nkhondo Yakukonda Dziko Lopambana inali mayesero aakulu kwa mtundu wonse wa dziko lathu. Ankhondo a USSR anathandizira osati anthu okhaokha, komanso kwa anthu ena okhala ku Ulaya, pakuwamasulidwa ku ukapolo wa fascist. Anthu ambiriwa adalandira malamulo ndi asilikali. Asilikali a Soviet ankagwira ntchito yawo motsutsana ndi anthu a ku Asia, omwe anali akapolo a Japan, makamaka Vietnam, Korea ndi China.

Kodi ndondomeko zingati ndi maulamuliro adaperekedwa pa nthawi ino?

Chifukwa cha zida kutsogolo, asilikali okwana 11,603 anapatsidwa dzina lolemekezeka la Hero of the Soviet Union. Mwa awa, anthu 104 analandira kawiri, ndipo A.I. Pokryshkin, I.N. Kozhedub ndi G.K. Zhukov - katatu.

Malamulo 10,900 anapatsidwa zombo, magulu ndi magulu a asilikali. Mu USSR, chuma chovomerezeka bwino cha nkhondo chinalengedwanso, mgwirizano wa kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo unkawonedwa. Panthawi ya nkhondo, malamulo 12 adakhazikitsidwa, kuphatikizapo, medali 25. Anapatsidwa mpata wopita nawo ku gulu la azimayi, nkhondo, ogwira ntchito kumbuyo, antchito apansi, komanso asilikali. Pafupifupi, anthu opitilira 7 miliyoni adalandira mayiko ndi ndemanga.

Medali yokhazikitsidwa

Medals yomwe inakhazikitsidwa kuti ichite nawo nkhondo ndi izi:

- "Kuteteza": Leningrad, Stalingrad, Kiev, Odessa, Sevastopol, Soviet Arctic, Moscow, Caucasus;

- 3 "Kuwombola": Belgrade, Warsaw, Prague;

- 4 "Kuwombera": Budapest, Vienna, Koenigsberg ndi Berlin;

- 2 "Kupambana": ku Japan, ku Germany;

- "Pulezidenti wa Nkhondo Yachikondi";

- "Kwa Ntchito Yamphamvu mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse";

- "Gold Star";

- "Kuyenerera usilikali";

- "Chifukwa cha kulimba Mtima";

- Medal of Nakhimov;

- alonda pachifuwa "Alonda".

- Medal Ushakov.

Ndalama poyerekeza ndi dongosolo ndi mphoto yolemekezeka yochepa.

Lembani kuti mutengere nawo nawo nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse

Mosiyana ndi ndondomeko, dongosolo lolimbana likhoza kukhala ndi madigiri angapo. Kuchita nawo nawo nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ndizo zotsatirazi: Nkhondo Yachikondi, Lenin, Red Star, Red Banner, Nakhimov, Ushakov, Mpikisano, Ulemerero, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Kutuzov, Alexander Nevsky, Suvorov. Tidzakuuzani zambiri za mphoto zonsezi.

Nkhondo ya Nkhondo Yachikondi

Mu 1942, pa May 20, lamulo linalembedwa pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Order iyi ya I ndi II madigiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya dongosolo la mphoto ya USSR, zolemba zapadera zomwe zapatsidwa kwa oimira a mabanja akuluakulu a nkhondo m'dziko lathu lino.

Phunziro la 1 ndi lachiwiri lachiwiri likhoza kupezedwa ndi apolisi a mkulu wa asilikali ndi udindo ndi mafelemu a Navy, Red Army, ndi asilikali a NKVD. Kuphatikizanso apo, zigawenga zinapindula, kuwonetsa kulimba mtima, kupirira ndi kulimba mtima pa nkhondo ndi fascists kapena zochita zawo zomwe zinapangitsa njira imodzi kuti chipambano cha asilikali a Soviet apambane. Mosiyana, ufulu wolandila dongosololi unaperekedwa ndi anthu wamba. Iwo anapatsidwa kwa iwo chifukwa cha thandizo lawo kugonjetsa mdani.

Ndondomeko yomenyana ya digiri yoyamba ikanapezeka ndi wina amene anawononga yekha 2 wamba kapena wolemetsa, kapena mabanki atatu a adani, kapena osakaniza 3, kapena zida zisanu; 2 digiri - 1 sing'anga kapena thanki yaikulu, kapena kuwala kwa 2, kapena 2 wamba wambiri, kapena 3 kuwala kwa ogwira mfuti.

Order of Suvorov

Lamulo la asilikali, limene linatchulidwa kulemekeza Alexander Nevsky, Kutuzov ndi Suvorov, linakhazikitsidwa ku USSR mu June 1942. Mphoto izi zikhoza kulandiridwa ndi apolisi ndi olamulira a Red Army chifukwa cha utsogoleri wolowa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za usilikali, komanso kusiyana kwa nkhondo ndi mdani.

Dipatimenti ya digiri ya Suvorov Idamapatsidwa kwa akuluakulu a magulu ndi magulu awo, akuluakulu awo, atsogoleri a maofesi ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito, nthambi za magulu ndi magulu a magulu ankhondo okonzedwa bwino ndi opititsa patsogolo nkhondo kumbuyo kapena asilikali, chifukwa mdani anawonongedwa kapena woponderezedwa. Chinthu chimodzi chinatchulidwa mosiyana: kupambana kumayenera kupindula ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu pa mdani, mopambana kwambiri, chifukwa chikhalidwe cha Suvorov chinkagwira ntchito, kunena kuti mdani anali akumenyedwa ndi luso osati nambala.

Mtsogoleri wa gululi, gulu kapena mabungwe, kuphatikizapo mdindo wake kapena mkulu wa antchito, pokonzekera kugonjetsedwa kwa magawano kapena matupi, kuwonongedwa kwa mndandanda wa chitetezo cha mdani ndi kutsata ndikugonjetsa, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa nkhondo Mu chikhalidwe, kutulukamo kuchokera kutetezera mphamvu ya kumenyana kwa gawolo, njira zake ndi manja. Komanso, mkulu wa zida zankhondo ankadziwika kuti anachita kumbuyo kwa mdani kwambiri, zomwe zinamupweteka kwambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti asilikali apambane bwino.

Lamulo la III limaperekedwa kuti lipindule olamulira osiyanasiyana (pakamwa, mabettalions, regiments). Anapatsidwa mphoto kwa bungwe labwino ndi khalidwe la nkhondo lomwe linabweretsa chipambano ndi mphamvu zochepa kuposa mdani.

Order of Kutuzov

Lamulo loyamba lokonzekera nkhondo, lopangidwa ndi wojambula Moskalev, likhoza kuperekedwa kwa mkulu wa asilikali, kutsogolo, komanso adindo ake kapena mkulu wa antchito, chifukwa adakonza bwino kukakamizidwa kuchoka pamagulu akuluakulu, Malire a magulu awo omwe ali ndi zochepa zapangidwe zawo; Kuphatikizapo bungwe labwino ndi khalidwe la opaleshoni polimbana ndi adani omwe amaposa zazikulu zomwe ali nazo, komanso kuti asilikali azikonzekeretsa kuti adani awo awakhumudwitse.

Kuthana ndi makhalidwe omwe amasiyanitsa ntchito za M.I. Kutuzov, anaikidwa mu lamulo la lamuloli. Izi ndizozitetezera mwaluso, komanso kuthetsa mphamvu kwa mdani ndi zotsatira zotsutsana.

Mmodzi mwa oyamba kulandira iyi Order ya II degree anali K.S. Miller - Major General, mkulu wa asilikali a 58, omwe adateteza Malgobek kupita ku Mozdok mbali ya Caucasus Front. Atatopa mphamvu zazikulu za adani, mu nkhondo zovuta zankhondo ake ankhondo adadutsa kumalo osokoneza bongo ndipo adalowa m'dera la Yeisk ndi nkhondo, akuphwanya mzere wa asilikali a Germany.

Dipatimenti ya Kutuzov III inaperekedwa kwa msilikaliyo, yemwe adapanga mwaluso ndondomeko ya nkhondoyo, chifukwa chakuti kuyanjana kwabwino kwa manja osiyanasiyana ndi zotsatira za ntchitoyi kunatsimikiziridwa.

Lamulo la Alexander Nevsky

Katswiri wa zomangamanga dzina lake Telyatnikov anapambana mpikisano wojambula. Anagwiritsira ntchito ntchito yake kuwombera filimu yotchedwa "Alexander Nevsky", yomwe inatulutsidwa pawindo pasanapite nthawi. Mu mutu womwe uli ndi nyenyezi yotchedwa Nikolai Cherkasov. Mbiri yake inalembedwa mwa dongosolo ili. Pali medallion yomwe ili ndi chithunzi pakati pa nyenyezi yofiira, yomwe ili ndi zisanu, yomwe imachokera ku siliva. Zakale za ku Russia za msilikali (chiwombankhanga ndi mivi, uta, lupanga, zidutsa berdysh) ziri pamphepete.

Malingana ndi lamulo la nkhondo, msilikali yemwe anamenyana ndi gulu la Red Army anapatsidwa Chigamulo cha njira yomwe ikuwonetsedwa posankha mphindi yabwino yakugonjetsa mdani molimba mtima, mwadzidzidzi ndi kupambana. Ndipo kunali kofunikira kupulumutsa mphamvu zazikulu za asilikali awo. Mphoto iyi inaperekedwa chifukwa cha kupambana kwa ntchito ina mwazikulu za mphamvu za adani. Pa nthawi yomweyi, adafunika kuti awononge mphamvu zake zambiri kapena kuziwononga. Komanso mawu akuti "msirikali amapindula ndi dongosolo" munthu amakhoza kumva chifukwa cha lamulo la ndege, tank, zida zankhondo, zomwe zinapweteka kwambiri mdani.

Zonsezi, mphothoyi inapatsidwa kwa anyamata oposa 42,000, komanso akuluakulu a mayiko ena 70 ndi akuluakulu a boma.

Lamulo la Bogdan Khmelnitsky

Gulu la Soviet m'chilimwe cha 1943 linali kukonzekera ntchito yoyang'anira - kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine. Wolemba ndakatulo Bajan, komanso wotsogolera filimu Dovzhenko, ali ndi lingaliro la mphoto iyi, yotchulidwa ndi mkulu wamkulu wa Chiyukireniya ndi wolamulira. Zinthu zofunikira pa dongosolo ili la digiri yoyamba - golidi, yachiwiri ndi yachitatu - siliva. Lamulolo linavomerezedwa mu 1943, pa October 10. Lamuloli linaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu a asilikali ndi asilikali a Red Army, komanso magulu achigawenga, omwe anasonyezanso kusiyana pakati pa nkhondoyi pa nthawi ya kumasulidwa kwa anthu osokoneza zachilengedwe a Soviet. Zonsezi, zidapatsidwa pafupifupi anthu 8,5 zikwi. Lamulo la digiri yoyamba linaperekedwa kwa okwana 323, wachiwiri - pafupifupi 2400, ndi wachitatu - oposa 57. Amagulu ambiri a asilikali ndi magulu (oposa chikwi) adalandira monga mphoto imodzi.

Lamulo la Ulemerero

Kumenyana malamulo a USSR kumaphatikizansopo Order of Glory. Ntchito yake, yomwe inagwidwa ndi Moskalev, mu 1943, mu Oktoba, inavomerezedwa ndi mkulu wa asilikali. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mitundu ya riboni ya Order of Glory, yomwe yasankhidwa ndi wojambulayi, inavomerezedwa. Icho chinali chalanje-chakuda. Chibonga cha Order of St. George - wolemekezeka kwambiri mu prerevolutionary Russia wa mpikisano wa usilikali - anali ndi mitundu yofanana.

Miyeso itatu ili ndi Ulemelero wa nkhondo. Mphoto ya digiri yoyamba - golidi, ndi yachiwiri ndi yachitatu - siliva (central medallion idakhazikitsidwa pa Order of yachiwiri degree). Chizindikiro ichi chikhoza kupezedwa ndi msirikali kuti adziwonetsere pankhondo yake. Deta ya Dongosoloyi inaperekedwa mwatsatanetsatane kuchokera kumunsi otsikirapo kufika pamwamba kwambiri.

Kuti alandire mphoto iyi, yemwe adathyola koyamba pa malo a mdani, akhoza kupulumutsa chizindikiro chake pa nkhondo kapena kupeza mdani; Komanso amene adapulumutsa mkulu wa asilikali ku nkhondo, kuika moyo wake pangozi, kuwombera ndege ya fascist kuchokera ku chida chake (mfuti kapena mfuti) kapena kuwonongeka kwa ankhondo okwana 50, ndi zina zotero.

Kwenikweni, zizindikiro pafupifupi milioni za Dongosolo ili la digiri lachitatu zidaperekedwa pazaka za nkhondo. Mphoto ya digiri ya II inalandiridwa ndi anthu oposa 46,000, ndipo oyambirira - pafupifupi 2600.

Lamukani "Kupambana"

Lamulo ili la nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (nkhondo) linakhazikitsidwa mu 1943, ndi lamulo la November 8. Lamuloli linanenedwa kuti adapatsidwa mwayi wapamwamba woyang'anira ntchito zankhondo (pamtunda umodzi kapena zingapo), chifukwa chake zinthu zimasintha kwambiri kwa asilikali a USSR.

Anthu 19 okha adalandira dongosolo ili. Stalin anabwerezanso kaŵirikaŵiri , komanso maulendo Vasilevsky ndi Zhukov. Atamulandira Tymoshenko, Govorov, Tolbukhin, Malinovsky, Rokossovsky, Konev, Antonov. Meretskov anapatsidwa mwayi wochita nawo nkhondo ndi Japan. Komanso, akuluakulu asanu achilendo anadziwika ndi iye. Ndiwo Tito, Rola-Zhimersky, Eisenhower, Montgomery ndi Mihai.

Ndondomeko ya Red Banner

Lamuloli linakhazikitsidwa mu 1924, zaka ziwiri kuchokera pamene bungwe la USSR linakhazikitsidwa. Asirikali a Soviet Army, anthu amtundu wankhondo ndi alangizi, omwe anapatsidwa Chigamulo cha Red Banner of Battle (analipo pafupifupi zikwi zana mwa iwo), analandira iwo chifukwa cha ntchito zomwe zinachitika pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu. Anapatsidwa mphoto chifukwa cha ntchito zamphamvu, zomwe zinachitidwa ndi ngozi yoyenera kumoyo mukumenyana. Bungwe la Order of the Battle Banner likhoza kupindulanso ndi mwamuna kuti akhale ndi utsogoleri wapadera pakuchita machitidwe osiyanasiyana a usilikali, mapangidwe, magulu, kulimba mtima ndi kulimbikitsidwa panthawi imodzimodzi. Anapatsidwa mwayi wolimba mtima komanso wolimba mtima pa ntchito yapadera. Kuti alandire Order ya Red Banner of War inakhalanso kotheka kuti kulimbika mtima ndi kulimba mtima zisonyezedwe poonetsetsa chitetezo cha dziko lathu, kusadalirika kwa malire pa zovuta za moyo. Lamulo la Red Banner linaperekedwa kuti apambane bwino ntchito za usilikali zankhondo zankhondo, magulu ankhondo, mapangidwe ndi ziphunzitso zomwe zinagonjetsa mdani, ngakhale kuti zinawonongeka kapena zovuta zina. Analandiranso mphotho chifukwa chogonjetsa mdani, kapena ngati zochita zawo zathandiza kuti asilikali a USSR apambane pochita ntchito yaikulu.

Order of Ushakov

Lembani Ushakov - wapamwamba kwambiri poyerekezera ndi dongosolo lina, lomwe adapatsidwa kwa oyang'anira ndege - Nakhimova. Ili ndi madigiri awiri. Mphoto ya digiri yoyamba imapangidwa ndi platinamu, ndipo yachiwiri imapangidwa ndi golidi. Mitundu ya makonzedwe okongola - oyera ndi a buluu, mu prerevolutionary Russia anali mitundu ya St. Andrew's mbendera (nsanja). Mphotoyi inakhazikitsidwa mu 1944, March 3. Lamulo linaperekedwa kuti lichite ntchito yogwira mtima, monga zotsatira za kupambana pa mdani wamtundu wamtundu wopambana. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha nkhondo ya m'nyanja imene mphamvu zazikulu za mdani zikuwonongedwa; Kuti apange opaleshoni ya amphibious, yomwe inachititsa kuti chiwonongeko cha maboma a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi maziko a adani; Kuchita zinthu molimba mtima kunayambanso kuyankhulana ndi magulu ankhondo a adani, chifukwa chotumiza katundu ndi zida zankhondo zinagwedezeka. Lamuzani Ushakov II digiti monga mphotho inapatsidwa nthawi 194. Sitimayi 13 ndi zida za Navy zili ndi chizindikiro pamabendera awo.

Order of Nakhimov

Anchoka asanu anali nyenyezi pazithunzi za dongosolo ili. Anayanjanitsidwa ndi masitima awo ku medallion yomwe imasonyeza wojambula mu Timm. Kukonzekera uku kugawidwa mu madigiri awiri - yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Zida zopangira zinthu zinali golidi ndi siliva. Pa ma rubies, nyenyezi zinapangidwa ku digiri yoyamba ya mphoto iyi. Kwa tepi, kuphatikiza kwa lalanje ndi wakuda kunasankhidwa. Mphoto iyi inakhazikitsidwa mu 1944, pa March 3.

Lamulo la Lenin ndi Red Star

Lamulo la Lenin linalandira anthu opitirira 36,000 kuti apite usilikali, ndipo Red Star - pafupifupi 2900. Zonsezi zinakhazikitsidwa mu 1930, pa 6 April.