Nkhondo pa Ice: chiwembu ndi vuto la nkhondo

Nkhondo pa Ice - mmodzi wa nkhondo lalikulu mu mbiriyakale Russia, imene Prince a Novgorod dzina lake Aleksandr Nevsky anasonyeza on Lake Peipsi ankhondowo Ankhondo a Order Livonia. Kwa zaka zambiri, mbiri yakale kupita kutsutsana za mfundo za nkhondo. Zinthu zina osati kufikanso kumalekezero, kuphatikizapo mmene anatenga malo Ice. Galimoto ndi kukhazikitsanso mbali ya nkhondo ungatithandize kuwulula chinsinsi cha zinsinsi za mbiri nawo nkhondo kwambiri.

Background mkangano

Popeza 1237, pamene Papa analengeza chiyambi cha nkhondo zomenyera lotsatira kumtunda kum'mawa Baltic pakati maukulu Russian pa dzanja limodzi, ndi Sweden, Denmark ndi German Livonia Order - Komano, kupitiriza voteji zonse, imene pa nthawi inakula mwa kuwathira nkhondo.

Choncho, mu 1240 Ankhondo Swedish kutsogoleredwa ndi Birger Jarl tidakocheza ku m'kamwa mwa Neva, koma asilikali Novgorod pansi pa ulamuliro wa Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo anagonjetsa pa nkhondo zoopsa.

Mu chaka chomwecho, ndi Livonia Order anayamba zolawula pa dziko Russian. Asilikali ake anatenga Izborsk ndi Pskov. Kuona ngozi Novgorod veche mu 1241 analimbikitsa ku ulamuliro wa Alexander, ngakhale posachedwapa yekha anatulutsa iye. Prince anasonkhana kumuwombera ndipo anasamukira motsutsa Livonians. Mu March 1242 anatha kumasula Pskov. Alexander anagwidwa ndi asilikali ake ku chuma cha Order, motsogozedwa ndi bishopu wa Dorpat, kumene Akhristu anasonkhana mphamvu ndithu. maphwando wokonzedwera kwa nkhondo zoopsa.

Otsutsa kukumana April 5, 1242 pa Nyanja Peipus, ndiye komabe yokutidwa ndi ayezi. N'chifukwa chake kenako anapeza dzina la nkhondo - Battle wa Ice. Nyanja pamene mazira akuya kwambiri kupirira asilikali panopo ali ndi zida.

mphamvu za zipani

asilikali Russian anali m'malo unagawanika dongosolo. Koma pachimake pa izo, mosakaika, anali kumuwombera Novgorod. Komanso asilikali a Koresi analowa otchedwa "alumali pansi, 'chomwe chinatsogolera boyars. Chiwerengero cha asilikali Russian Akuti ndi azambiriyakale pa anthu 15-17 zikwi.

asilikali, nayenso, anali osayenerana Livonians. Nkhondo msana wa Ankhondo ake kwambiri zida Magulu usilikali , lotsogoledwa ndi Master Andreas Von Velvenem, amene Komabe, nkhondo yokha sankachita nawo. Komanso asilikali Chidanishi anali ogwirizana ndi asilikali a mzinda wa Dorpat amayi, pali asayansi Estonians. Chiwerengero cha Livonia makamu Akuti pa anthu 10-12 zikwi.

mafunde a nkhondo

magwero mbiri tasiya zinthu zina mwachilungamo zochepa za mmene atumiza nkhondo yokha. Nkhondo pa Ice anayamba ndi chakuti oponya mivi a asilikali Novgorod anafika wokutidwa matalala wa Ankhondo mivi ntchito. Koma chomalizachi akhoza ntchito yomanga asilikali, amatchedwa "nkhumba" kufafaniza Izinso ndi kuswa malo a magulu Russian.

Kuwona zinthu izi, Alexander Nevsky analamula asilikali kufika flanks Livonians. Knights anatengedwa mu gulu pincer. Iwo anayamba chiwonongeko chosaneneka asilikali Russian. asilikali wothandiza wa Order, powona kuti mphamvu yaikulu atagonjetsedwa, anathamangira kuthawa. kumuwombera Novgorod anathamangitsa akuthamanga makilomita zoposa zisanu. Nkhondo itatha mu chigonjetso lathunthu mphamvu Russian.

Chinali nkhani ya Nkhondo pa Ice.

galimoto nkhondo

Nzosadabwitsa kuti mabuku zoweta pa zochitika asilikali watenga malo oyenera a Ice. Chithunzi pansipa, zikusonyeza mkulu mphatso Aleksandra Nevskogo ndi chitsanzo waukuru ntchito nkhondo.

Pa mapu, tikuona bwino koyamba yojambula asilikali Livonia monga msilikali wa kumuwombera Russian. Amasonyezanso Knights anamuperekeza ndi ndege wotsatira wa asilikali wothandiza Order, umene unakwaniritsidwa ndi Ice. Chiwembu limakupatsani kumanga deta chochitika mu unyolo imodzi, kwambiri facilitates kumanganso zinachitika mu njira ya zochitika nkhondo.

zotsatira za nkhondo

Atazungulira Novgorod anapambana chigonjetso yogonjetseratu ndi Crusader, mtengo wa Alexander Nevsky zinthu zazikulu, pangano mtendere chinasainidwira imene Order Livonia kusiya kwathunthu kugula ake posachedwapa m'gawo la maiko Russian. Komanso anasinthanitsa akaidi.

Kugonjetsedwa, amene anavutika Order ya Nkhondo ya Ice, anali chachikulu moti anali kwa zaka khumi nyambititsa mabala awo ndipo n'komwe za latsopano nkhondo ya dziko Russian.

Palibe zigonjetso zazing'ono Aleksandra Nevskogo ndi ambiri nkhani zakale. Pajatu anali kenako tsogolo la maiko athu ndi mapeto enieni a olusa a Akhristu German motsogozedwa kum'mawa chinaikidwa. Kumene, pambuyo kuti Order si mongoyesa kuti Vulani chidutswa cha dziko Russian, koma konse mliri sanatenge khalidwe ngati chachikulu.

Olakwika ndi olakwika kugwirizana ndi nkhondo

Pali maganizo ndi makamaka Nkhondo ya Nyanja Peipsi asilikali Russian anathandiza oundana, zomwe si kunyamula Ankhondo panopo ali ndi zida German ndipo adayamba kumira iwo. Ndipotu, palibe chitsimikizo mbiri mfundo imeneyi si. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wa posachedwapa, kulemera zida German Russian Ankhondo ndi Ankhondo nawo nkhondo, anali pafupifupi wofanana.

Akhristu German mu maganizo a anthu ambiri, amene kwenikweni anauziridwa ndi filimu, ali kwambiri zida cuirassiers zipewa, nthawi zambiri chokongoletsedwa ndi nyanga. Ndipotu hayala wa Order loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsa chisoti-wokwera. Choncho palibe nyanga Livonians, mfundo sakanakhoza kukhala.

zotsatira

Choncho, ife tinapeza kuti munthu nkhondo wofunika kwambiri ndiponso wodziwika bwino mu mbiri ya dziko linali Nkhondo ya Ice. nkhondo chiwembu anatilola kuti bwino kubereka yake ndi kudziwa chifukwa chachikulu pa kugonjetsedwa kwa Knights - mwanayo magulu awo pamene iwo mosasamala anathamangira ku nkhondo.