Ghetto - ndi chiyani?

Ghetto - ndi chiyani ichi? Nthawi migrations misa mayiko ndiponso azikhalidwe, zimakhala kwambiri anakumana ndi lingaliro ili. Komabe, anthu ambiri intuitively kumvetsa ubwenzi wa mawu amenewa kusiyana fuko si nthawi zonse bwino kulingalira tanthauzo othandiza ndi mfundo za machitidwe a m'magulu otere. mbiri

Mbiri ndi ghetto - kuthetsa yaying'ono wa oimira chikhalidwe chimodzi (lathu chipembedzo, mtundu, mtundu) mwa ena ambiri padziko lonse. Chodabwitsa unachokera mu Europe akale, pamene iwo anayamba kuoneka osiyana ndi zitaganya ena achiyuda. Ndipotu, dziko akale, kudalirana wakhala zochepa otchuka, ndipo interpenetration chikhalidwe zinachitika si monga yogwira. Komabe, chiwerengero cha anthu Achiyuda wakhala pano mu mayiko a ku Ulaya. Komanso zikhulupiriro zawo zosakhala Mkhristu, komanso ubwenzi wa mtundu mkati ndi kukana kuti ndondomeko kuloŵerera akutembenukira Ayuda mu kuwapatula. Mwachitsanzo, ndi Kutengera za mpingo wake sankaloledwa kuchita ulimi (chinthu kopindulitsa kwambiri ndiye) ndi angapo kudzinenera. olamulira ambiri zotchulidwa iwo kusamukira ku madera ena. Motero, m'lingaliro mbiri ya ghetto - ndi makamaka Ayuda yaying'ono Pamudzi. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mawu unachokera mu Italy, kumene otchedwa m'dera la Venice, pachilumba cha Cannaregio pamene Ayuda anathamangitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVI.

Kudzera prism wa XX atumwi

Ndi chitukuko limasonyeza zoyendera kusakanikirana mwagwirizana (ndale, chikhalidwe ndi chuma) padziko lonse, panali maganizo misa Kusamuka kwa anthu. Mfundo kumene anthu ambiri ghetto chidali United States chiyambi cha XX atumwi. US ghetto - izo midadada akuda, ana a ambiri ndithu colonialism anabweretsa m'nthawi ya akapolo. Ndi kudalirana patsogolo ndi kuwonjezeka mfundo za m'madera osiyanasiyana (ndi pamene dziko zambiri olemera ndipo ndinakulira wolemera, pamene ena akhalabe zipangizo mafuta mlingo wochepa wa osankhika ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavuto), kuchulukitsidwa ndi njira kusamuka wamoyo. Tsopano ghetto - ndi midzi Ayuda osati kapena "wakuda" zitaganya. Zimatanthauza malo aliwonse okhala m'mizinda, kumene simuchita kapena zaufulu m'mafuko aang'ono. Kwenikweni, ndi ghettos zamakono - umenewu ndi umboni kusowa ndondomeko anthu omwe amalimbikitsa socialization ndi kuloŵerera.

NSDAP ndi ndondomeko imene pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Komabe, mthunzi kwambiri mantha akuti amamuonera pakati pa XX m'ma ndipo chokhudzana ndi ntchito ya utsogoleri Nazi ku madera azigwira. Pakuti Nazi ngati midzi amakakamizidwa kuti akhale chida yabwino optimizing kufalitsidwa kwa anthu ndi zambiri kapena zochepa wathunthu. Warsaw Ghetto - mwina chitsanzo wotchuka. Atagwa likulu Polish Ayuda onse anauzidwa kusamukira ku malo ena a mzinda. Kenako Ayuda anafika abwera kuchokera ku dziko. Malire a ghetto anali zokhalamo khoma, waya waminga ndi asilikali kulondera kwenikweni kutembenukira mu malo m'ndende m'deralo. Chiwerengero cha m'dera ankagwiritsa ntchito yakalavulagaga thupi ndipo anali mu chikhalidwe zikuipiraipirabe kuposa ena Warsaw mu mzinda azigwira. Akaidi a ghetto anali ofuna choyamba cha kuchoka kwa zozunzirako (unali Auschwitz, mu malo oyamba). Kwenikweni, zimenezi zinachitika mu Nazi kukhalapo.

Anthu a ghetto ndi chidatengedwa ina wosadziwika, powalonjeza bwino zinthu ntchito mu malo atsopano. Komabe, palibe amene anabwera ndi mphekesera lowopsya za zotsatira zawo seeped mu ghetto lapansi. Pansi pa zikhalidwe izi kwa anthu amene tidzayesedwa imfa m'chipinda cha gasi, kusankha bwino anali atchedwe nkhondo boma. Ngakhale mwayi wobvulazidwa ndi anthu pafupifupi unarmed motsutsa okonzeka mayunitsi SS panalibe kuwukirana kunachitika m'ma April 1944. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akaidi ghetto anakaniza kwa pafupifupi mwezi, koma adaonongedwa ndi mwayi kutenga nkhondo yake yomaliza.