Nkhondo Moscow

Nkhondo Moscow, 1941, mu mbiriyakale ya USSR atasemphana ndi Germany ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera. Ofufuza nkhondo amakhala ndi mavuto aakulu, mwamphamvu ndi ukulu wa ntchito ya usilikali. Nkhondo Moscow inatenga miyezi yoposa isanu. M'litali kutsogolo limene nkhondo ikuchitika - zikwi ziwiri makilomita. The Nkhondo mbali zonse ankagwira asilikali oposa 2.8 miliyoni, 21,000 mfuti mortars, 2 zikwi mayunitsi njira oti muli nazo zida, oposa 1.6 zikwi ndege mayunitsi.

Chaka cha 1941 boma la Soviet Union anali mu zovuta ndi zoopsa nkhondo maziko. The kanthu njira anali m'manja mwa asilikali German, koma nkhondo ndi Union Army akusokoneza zolinga zikuluzikulu za Wehrmacht. Analephera kuswa kudzera ku gulu likulu wa makamu "Center". Malinga ndi German High Lamulo, ndi anatseka misewu ya Leningrad, komanso patsogolo wakhala akwaniritsa ku Ukraine, analenga zinthu yabwino kwa yatsoka ndi.

Nkhondo Moscow anayamba pa 30 September. kuukira pa likulu la Soviet Union, ndi German lamulo anali wokonzeka ngati chomaliza cha kampeni lonse. The Germany anapereka dzina la machitidwe "Mvula ya mkuntho". Zikuoneka kuti sanayembekezere kuti alimbane nawo ndipo atasemphana ndi kuphwanya mkuntho lopondereza.

Nkhondo ya Moscow unachitikira mu chapamwamba n'zosangalatsa kumva za asilikali a German. Komabe, ngakhale asilikali Russian anatha mokwanira kukumanizana mdani.

Boma German anakonza kutenga likulu la Soviet Union pamaso pa isanayambike nyengo yozizira. Support kwa mphamvu yaikulu ndege analola Germany kugumula kutsogolo, atazingidwa ndi magulu sikisi Russian m'dera la Vyazma ndi Bryansk. Malinga ndi kafukufuku German, atengedwa ukaidi anali anthu 663 sauzande. Kugwiritsa mayunitsi oti muli nazo zida, ndi German asilikali masiku khumi kwapita pafupifupi 250 makilomita n'kukafika mzere wa Kalinin (Tver) - Mozhaysk - Kaluga.

Ndi October 30 ankhondowo wotanganidwa Kalinin mzere - Tula. Lamulo la German anayamba andipeze nkhokwe ndi regrouping wa asilikali analanda. Mu ichi anakonza kuukira kwa flanks kuti amuzungulire likulu Union a Soviet.

A amanyansidwa watsopano wa dziko la Germany anayamba pa November 16. Komabe, pa tsiku loyamba anakumana kulimbikira woopsa wa asilikali Soviet. Pa lotsatira masabata atatu asilikali German patsogolo makilomita 50-80 yekha, kufika motero bwino mwachangu.

Pakuti Moscow, dziko la Germany anakwanitsa njira wapafupi pafupi ndi mudzi wa Kryukovo, limene lili makilomita 23 kumpoto cha kumadzulo kwa mzinda. Mu nthawi kuchokera November 16 5 December kunkhondo asilikali German anataya anthu 153 000 anavulazidwa, kupha, frostbitten.

Mapeto a November - chiyambi cha December zinali zodzaza ndi m'mizinda yambiri, kuphatikizapo ndi nkhokwe anafika kum'mawa dziko. Pa December 5 kumenyana Moscow zinaperekedwa kwa tingalimbanirane. Umunthu laling'onolo asilikali Soviet anali odziwika kwambiri kulimbikira kumenyana mzimu, chilakolako champhamvu nkhondo ndi kuteteza likulu la kwawo.

Pankhaniyi, dziko la Germany pa mavuto ndi kugwirizana ndi kugwa kwa ziyembekezo zawo za kugonjetsa zovuta, komanso nkhondo ankhanza, azolowere nyengo. mphamvu Soviet anatha kukankhira kumbuyo ankhondowo makilomita 200, koma kuti afafanize kwathunthu ndiye sakanakhoza.

Ankhondo ambiri aukali anayamba m'dera la Vyazma ndi Rzhev. Nkhondo zinachitika kumeneko kuchokera February kwa April 1942. nkhondo Anamaliza chifukwa likulu pa 20 April.

Nkhondo Moscow Mwachidule, ali kumatha maganizo a invincibility wa asilikali a Hitler. Chigonjetso anali yoyamba kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali German ndipo amatanthauza kulephera kwa mapulani ake onse "kuunika, mphezi nkhondo", komanso kulephera kwa pulogalamu mfundo yachilendo ya boma German.