German Chitaganya (1815 - 1866)

Chitaganya amatchedwa "German Union" zinatha pang'ono kuposa zaka 50. Zinali akuyesayesa kusunga kukondera pakati pa mayiko ambiri German.

Maziko a THE

Kwa ambiri a mbiri yake, Germany unagawidwa maukulu ambiri, duchies ndi maufumu. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha zinthu zokhudza mbiri ya chitukuko cha madera awa. Mu X atumwi iwo unalengedwa Woyera Roma. Umabweretsa pamodzi limati German onse, koma limati osiyana mkati unali nazo kudziyimira pawokha.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, mphamvu mfumu kufooka, ndipo pa chiyambi cha XIX atumwi ku Europe anathyola nkhondo Napoleonic ndipo kenako anasonyeza inefficiency a dongosolo lino lakale. Francis II antchito mu 1806 ndipo anakhala kazembe wa ku Austria. Komanso, iye anali m'magawo akuluakulu ku Ulaya chapakati: Hungary, Czech Republic, Croatia ndi zina zotero ..

Kumpoto kwa Austria, ndi nambala yaikulu limati yaing'ono, komanso Ufumu wa Prussia, omwe anakhala odana waukulu Austria. Pambuyo Napoleon anagonja pa mafumu ochokera konsekonse Africa anakumana ku Vienna mu 1814 kukambirana za tsogolo dongosolo la dziko. Funso German anali mmodzi kiyi chifukwa Woyera wa Chiroma, de facto, salinso akhalipo.

Zochita za Vienna Congress

Ndi zochita za Congress wa Vienna, June 8, 1815 ndi German Chitaganya unakhazikitsidwa. Zinali Chitaganya - mgwirizano wa limati palokha. Iwo onse anali wamba German abwino. A udindo waukulu polenga Chitaganya wachita ndi Austria nthumwi Klemens Metternich.

malire

Malire a mgwirizano German m'gulu anthu 39. Onse a iwo anali yokhala ofanana, ngakhale kuti olamulira a maudindo amasiyana kwambiri. German mgwirizano m'gulu la Austria ufumu wa ufumu - Bavaria, Württemberg, Hanover, Prussia, Saxony, komanso maukulu ambiri. Ife tinali mmenemo, ndi mabwalo a m'tawuni (Bremen, Hamburg, Lübeck ndi Frankfurt) kuti mu Ages Middle ndipo masiku ano maudindo anasangalala mwapatsidwa ndi Kaiser.

Dziko lalikulu - Prussia ndi Austria, m'mayiko nayenso anali, amene ali de A jure sinalembedwe German Chitaganya. Chinali chigawo kumene anthu ena ankakhala (Hungarians, Poland, ndi zina zotero. D.). Komanso kulengedwa kwa German Chitaganya ikuti udindo wapadera wa madera German kuti anali limati zina. Mwachitsanzo, korona British unagwiritsabe ndi Ufumu wa Hanover. The mafumu kulamulira anali mu London makolo ndi achibale ake.

mbali pandale

Komanso analengedwa ndi thupi woimira German Chitaganya - Union chokumanako. Iwo anali nawo oimira ziwalo zonse za chitaganya cha. Popeza msonkhano mu gawo mu Frankfurt, mzindawu ankaona ngati gulu mwamwambo chabe likulu. chiwerengero cha anthu oimira boma pafunika kukula kwake. Choncho, Austria anali ndi ulamuliro kwambiri mu mpingo. Pankhaniyi, thupi nthumwi kawirikawiri anakumana mu mphamvu zonse, ndi magazini atsopano akhoza anatsimikiza ndi ochepa mavoti.

Chirengedwe cha Chitaganya German kunali koyenera loyamba States onse ang'ono amene ankafuna kuti malo omwewo amene anali pamaso kuwukira Napoleon a. nkhondo European kusendeza malire mu Germany. Napoleon analenga zidole boma, lomwe sizinakhalitse. Tsopano maukulu ang'ono ndi mizinda free, opanda chitetezo cha mphamvu wamkulu munthu wa mfumu ya Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma, kuyesera kudziteteza ku anansi aukali.

German Chitaganya mu 1815 anali wolemekezeka ndi zosiyanasiyana kwambiri mitundu ndale. Ena a boma lake anapitiriza kukhala pansi autocracy, pamene ena ndi matupi nthumwi, ndipo okha mayunitsi ali malamulo ake, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mfumu.

Kukwera wa 1848

Pa alipo German Chitaganya m'gawo la limati ake membala anayamba mafakitale ndi kuchira zachuma. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chikhalidwe sakuyenda wa proletariat, imene inali chimodzi mwa zifukwa za 1848 zisinthe. Popular zosonyeza kukwiya boma pa nthawi yomweyo anatenga malo m'mayiko ena ambiri, kuphatikizapo France. Mu Austria, ulimi ankavala khalidwe mitundu - ndi Hungarians anafuna ufulu. Iwo adakhala wothyoledwa pokhapokha opulumutsa a asilikali mfumu anafika Russian mfumu Nicholas I.

Limati zina German ulimi wa 1848 zinachititsa kuti liberalization. M'mayiko ena, anatengera malamulo.

Austria-Prussian nkhondo ndi kuvunda

Kwa zaka zambiri, kusiyana vuto la zachuma pakati pa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za mgwirizano yekha kukula. Mayiko amphamvu kwambiri anayamba Prussia ndi Austria. Ndi za mkangano pakati pawo - za amene zidzagwirizana Germany. Anthu German kunadetsa ankafuna kugwirizanitsa mu boma limodzi, m'mayiko onse European.

German mgwirizano sanathe zili zotsutsana amenewa, ndipo pa 1866 anaswa Austria-Prussian nkhondo. Vienna ndi Berlin wasankha kuthetsa mkanganowo ndi mwankhondo. Komanso, kumbali ya Prussia zinthu ngati Italy, amene ankafuna Venice, a Austria, ndi kutsiriza kucheza zawo. Small limati German anagawanika, naima pa zomenyanazo wa okwatiranawo lapansi.

Prussia anapambana zikomo nkhondo chapamwamba zachuma pa mdani wakeyo. Chopereka zikuluzikulu bwino anapanga lodziwika bwino Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck, kwa zaka zambiri, kutsatira mfundo yolimbikitsa dziko. chigonjetso Prussian zinachititsa kuti chakuti Union German unasiya kukhala zogwirizana. Iye inasokonekera August 23, 1866, mwezi nkhondo itatha.

Mmalo mwake iwo Prussia analenga North German Chitaganya, ndi German Ufumu unakhazikitsidwa mu 1871. Amaphatikiza mayiko German onse, kuphatikizapo watenganso pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi France. Austria zinachoka mwa zinthu zimenezi ndi kukhala wapawiri ufumu - Austria-Hungary. Onse maufumu zinawonongedwa pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.