Mawu wopanda mathero: zitsanzo. Kodi mawu wopanda mathero?

Morphemics kuwona mbali yaikulu ya mawu, monga mizu, suffix, manambala oyambirira, mapeto. Mu Russian, mawu sangathe kukhala chirichonse cha zigawo izi, kupatula muzu. Iye ali chotengera waukulu tanthauzo lexical. Mavesi a mawu kapena chabe kupanga umamvera tanthauzo kalembedwe. A malo apadera pa mndandanda ali kutha, amene Sikuti mawu paokha.

mawu Independent mathero

Part wa kulankhula chinenero Russian anawagawa palokha ndipo utumiki. Dama mabungwe, prepositions, particles ndi interjections. Iwo alibe tanthauzo lexical ndi kutumikira monga zowonjezerazo kufunika mawu palokha kapena yolumikizana iwo m'chiganizo, chiweruzo. Choncho, nthawi zonse ndipo alibe mathero.

mbali osadalira pa mawu amapangidwa ndi morphemes awa, amene angasinthe, kusonyeza ndiwe wa makamaka kalembedwe gulu. Nthawi zambiri ndi mapeto.

Pafupifupi onse ndi chizindikiro watanthauzo izo. Kapangidwe losavuta wa mawu: muzu + kutha. Muzu uli pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Kupatula pali zovuta okha njira zinenero monga kusinthana kwa phokoso. mapeto zikusintha nthawi ndi nthawi.

Ntchito ya kumapeto kwa mawu

Mapeto - osachepera kwambiri mbali ya mawu, kusonyeza tanthauzo kalembedwe ndipo akutumikira yolumikizana mawu pamodzi. A mawu watanthauzo angasinthe ndi mapeto pa milandu, anthu, jenda, chiwerengero ndi magulu ena kalembedwe. Izi zipangitsa ma grammatically zoona mawu ndi ziganizo.

Zikukhala mapeto a mawu - mapeto. Komabe, mu chinenero cha Chirasha ali mneni suffix Xia, limene lili basi pa mapeto a mawu. Choncho, mapeto akhoza kukhala pamaso pake. Koma izi ndi zosiyana ndi ulamuliro.

Kupeza mapeto, m'pofunika kukopa mawu iliyonse ya magawo kudziwika kalembedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha chiwerengero zikusonyeza mmene mawu idzasintha: galu - galu, wobiriwira - wobiriwira, izo - iwo ali. Monga mukuonera, mawu onsewa otsiriza kalata (phokoso, morpheme) anasintha. Izi ndi mathero.

mawu zikutsatiridwa notional

Mu Russian pali watanthauzo mawu wopanda mathero. Zitsanzo za izi ambiri adziwe: mkulu zashuga, kuimba. Ili ndi gawo watanthauzo wa kulankhula, koma sasintha chifukwa cha mmene zinthu zakale ndi mbali kalembedwe, choncho safuna mathero. Kalembedwe connectability pakuti mawu awa ali prepositions.

Mawu a mwamuna kapena mkazi, chiwerengero, choncho mawu amenewa chimafotokozera amadalira iwo. Mwachitsanzo: wobiriwira takisi - otsiriza mawu neuter mu chimodzi. Izi zikuonekera pa adjective, amene amadziwikanso ili mu mawonekedwe kuti.

Mwatsoka, aliyense amadziwa chimene mawu wopanda mathero chinenero cha Chirasha. Iwo manauni anaitenga ku zinenero zina: kangaroos, zovala, Mississippi. infinitives wapakamwa komanso alibe mathero: kuyimba, kuvina tumbling. Adverbs ndi mawu mu watanthauzo zikutsatiridwa: mkulu, wotentha, kudya. Phokoso otsiriza -o zambiri amatchedwa mapeto, ngakhale lililonse kwa m'zilembo suffix.

A mwapadera mneni - gerund - komanso alibe mapeto, chifukwa kutengera kalembedwe mbali adverbs: kuwerenga, kuthawa.

ziro kumapeto

Komanso chinenero cha Chirasha pali mawu wopanda mathero, zitsanzo zomwe zili mathero ndi: kavalo, tebulo, chitseko, usiku. Umaoneka kusintha imfa kapena chiwerengero: kavalo - akavalo - kavalo - akavalo, tebulo - matebulo - tebulo - matebulo, usiku - usiku, chitseko - pakhomo.

zodabwitsazi amatchedwa philology null-kutsazikana. Mu mawonekedwe koyamba, alibe akuti thupi. Pa mapeto a chinenero Chisilavo Chakale chimaoneka ntchito kalata Z, amene satha kuwerenga, koma ananena kuti mawu amenewa akhoza kusinthidwa: stol, pol. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kalatayi watayika, koma mapeto mawu awa sanakhalenso.

Choncho muyenera kusamala posankha mawu notional morpheme.

mawu chiyambi yachilendo

Language mogwirizana - amodzi mbali imodzi ya ndondomeko ya patsogolo lexical. Malinga ndi nthawi ya pobwereka mawu ndi ntchito za ntchito yake, akhoza kwambiri zikugwirizanira dongosolo kalembedwe kapena ayi. Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala anabwereka mawu ambiri okamba nkhani mbadwa kale anazindikira ngati banja kuti: Posakhalitsa, akauntanti ndi telefoni.

Palinso angapo zizindikiro amene sanathe kukhala mbali zonse kunachitika chinenero: galimoto yapansi, kangaroos, zovala, khofi.

Mu Mawu awa, pamapeto pali ndi za mawu phokoso, zimene amaona ndi ambiri ngati gawo variable. Ndipotu, mawu awa si mapeto zitsanzo za zimene timakumana nawo tsiku ndi tsiku.

Choncho, grammatically pachithunzichi kuti: nkhani pa kofem, mtsikana odula, kubwera kwa mita, mu matakisi awiri. Kalembedwe kulungamitsa kusintha kumeneku chinenero cha Chirasha panobe. Mwina nthawi iwo kukhala mawu zonse variable, koma pa mphindi chitukuko cha chinenero ali yekha mu mtundu umodzi.

infinitives

Pa nkhani yoti mawu wopanda mathero chinenero cha Chirasha ali, aliyense katswiri adzalandira inde. Ndithudi, banja la mphatso monga pali ambiri amene sasintha, choncho, mulibe chiwerengero cha magawo kalembedwe.

Izi makamaka infinitives. mitundu mneni wa dongosolo Chirasha ndithu zambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana. chakuti mitundu imeneyi angathe kukhala ndi mbali zosiyana za kulankhula, pamene kukhala mbali yaikulu - amasonyeza kanthu.

Infinitives - ndi mawonekedwe koyamba kasewenzetsedwe ka mau a. ntchito yaikulu - kunyamula tanthauzo lexical: kanthu, chotero, popanda kutchula dzina, nthawi ndi njira kukhazikitsa (kuwerenga, kulemba, kuthamanga, kuimba).

Mu njira imeneyi, iwo akhoza kuyankhula mu ziganizo ntchito mawu, ndi chachikazi. Ngati kumapeto kwa infinitive pamaoneka, kumakhaladi mneni munthu kapena participle.

Mtundu wina zosasintha zokhudza mneni - gerund - limasonyeza ndondomeko ya kuchita kanthu ndipo aumbike si mapeto koma lililonse kwa gawo ili la suffix kulankhula.

adverb

Adverb konse zinthu ngati gawo kusintha wa kulankhula. Awa ndi mawu wopanda mathero, zitsanzo zimene zikusonyeza kuti ubwenzi akhoza kukhala mu mawu ndi popanda kusintha gulu kalembedwe.

Udindo wa m'zilembo chinenero - amasonyeza zinthu zina zochita zinazake. Ngakhale ali ndi tanthauzo lexical, kwenikweni zonse kunachitika ufulu sasunga.

Mwachitsanzo, "m'mbuyo" kapena "mwamphamvu" mayendedwe zikusonyeza kuchita chinthu. Koma popanda mneni wa si bwino zimene uli pangozi. N'chimodzimodzinso adverbs ina.

Choncho, chuma cha siyana kalembedwe, monga mneni kapena nauni, izo siziri, ndipo si chofunika. Ndipotu tanthauzo lenileni ndi kusonyeza tanthauzo lexical wa suffix khalidwe la adverbs.

maudindo yekha chinenero china

Mwa mawu chosasintha, choncho wopanda mathero, limabweretsa ambiri mayina yachilendo moyenera: Rio de Janeiro, Mississippi, "Peugeot". mawu awa bwino allocated manambala oyambirira, muzu, mathero suffix.

Chifukwa cha ichi - Mbali ya mapeto a chinenero. Ena zinthu ngati munthu sazidziwa bwinobwino ndi ofanana kwambiri chinenero cha Chirasha, ngakhale kwenikweni takumana ndi interlingual homonymy pa morpheme yeniyeni.

Pali, ndithudi, ndi khamu lonse la mawu ofanana kuti abwere mu chinenero chathu ndipo amakhala mbali ya dongosolo lake kalembedwe: Sahara - Sahara, Andes - mu Andes, ndi Rhine - Rhein. Koma mphatso ngati kutha yekha Russian ndipo alibe poyerekezera ndi zinenero za mawu amenewa.

chuma morphological

Philology akudziwa mawu ambiri opanda mathero zitsanzo za amene ntchito kulankhula tsiku la oyankhula onse. Kutheka kwa kuli mphatso izi amaperekedwa chuma morpheme ndi matanthauzo kalembedwe.

Osati mapeto akhoza kusintha mawonekedwe a mawu, koma suffixes. Komanso, nthawi zambiri anaona pamene mapeto a mawu amodzi waima Cholozera kalembedwe siyana wachiwiri. Kuti ndi mawu ofunika kumafuna yozungulira ndi mawonekedwe, ndilo kwachirendo ndi mwini: malaya imvi, ndi imvi odula, imvi odula, imvi odula.

Komanso mu English kwambiri mawu wopanda mathero aliwonse, ndi magulu kalembedwe ndi umasonyezedwa mwa prepositions zimene zimachititsa movutikira kwambiri kuphunzira anthu onyamula zilankhulo Asilavo omwe ndithu anayamba mathero mawonedwe, kusonyeza mtundu wa mawu.