Mawonekedwe kusankha zamoyo

Mu ndondomeko ya kusankha chibadwidwe anthu kukhala ndi kuikapo anthu amene yabwino wosakanikirana kupulumuka kwambiri kusinthidwa. Mawu amenewa anachita pa nthawi chimodzi Charles Darwin. Iye anayambitsa iye kuyerekeza ndi kusankha yokumba , ndipo onetsani kuti, mfundo milandu onse, ndondomeko ali yemweyo. Kusiyana kokha ali woyamikira zofunika kapena ayi ena katundu - malo kapena anthu.

Fomu ya kusankha zamoyo anawagawira pamaziko a muyezo ambiri. Ponseponse kufanizitsa akufuna I. I. Shmalgauzenom. Akati mitundu ya kusankha zamoyo, izo zinali zochokera bwanji kuti ndi osakhalitsa kapena mtendere wa khalidwe mu anthu. chiwerengero chawo funso Zatsala osayankhidwa. Koma zikuluzikulu sayansi kwachilengedwenso akadali amaonedwa zotsatirazi mitundu itatu ya kusankha zamoyo: Chiwonongeko (zosokoneza), chitsogozo (galimoto) ndi wosasunthika. The genotypes ndi mitundu zambiri zosiyanasiyana bwino ndondomeko kumachitika.

The chifukwa cha wosankhidwa zazikulu amakhala kumanga kupatukira zizindikiro ponseponse. Choyamba anafotokozedwa ndi Wallace ndi Darwin. Pa nkhani ya mwayi uwu kusankha amaperekedwa kwa anthu amene ali ndi zizindikiro, mwamphamvu trending kumbali ina.

Iwo anaonetsanso kukodzedwa dera kapena kusintha chilengedwe. Ndiye zamoyo kusintha zinthu mwanjira inayake, kuti azolowere zinthu zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nyama lapadziko amakakamizidwa kupita ku moyo pansi, miyendo yawo pang'onopang'ono azolowere zinthu zatsopano ndi kukhala burrowing.

The ofunika mawonekedwe kusankha zamoyo lolunjika pa kuteteza anthu amene anasonyeza mbali makamaka ndi digiri pafupifupi ndi imodzi kupatuka kuti iye ali patali mwakale. Mwachitsanzo, m'pamenenso kupulumuka mu mbalame ndi mapiko mulingo osati waukulu kwambiri kapena yaing'ono.

Action zosokoneza kusankha popenyana ndi kuti mphamvu ya m'mbuyomu awiri. Kumachitika pamene zinthu abwino kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa chizindikiro mu maonekedwe ake kwambiri, koma osati pakati. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe koyamba mwina siziwoneka yekha, ndipo ngakhale ochepa atsopano. Choncho, zosokoneza kusankha zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha atsopano mwamtheradi, mitundu osati linalipo.

Mu chikhalidwe, nthawi zambiri vuto kumene ndi anthu omwewo amakhala ku malo osiyana. Choncho, mamembala ake ali ndinazolowera awo osiyanasiyana niches zachilengedwe.

Chitsanzo cha chongopeka imachitika kusankha zinthu zosokoneza amadziwika kuyesera onse ndi ntchentche. Pambuyo mating kukhala anasankha Anthu ndi mwina pazipita kapena osachepera chiwerengero cha bristles, Magulu awiri a zitsulo kuyambira m'badwo thirtieth, wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake, ngakhale iwo anapitiriza hybridize ndi.

Kupatula njira zitatu m'zimene zamoyo, kusankha kugonana. mphamvu zake ndi zofunika. Pajatu aliyense amayenera azolowere ndi kupulumuka, komanso ngati bwenzi kupitiriza banja lawo.

Pali malingaliro awiri kufotokoza limagwirira cha zochita za kusankha kugonana.

Malinga ndi mkazi woyamba anasankha mwamuna kale, chifukwa iye anatha kupulumuka kukhwima, ngakhale maonekedwe owala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ali majini wabwino ndi kuwapitirira ku m'badwo wotsatira.

The kungoganizira yachiwiri ikufotokoza kusankha awiriawiri osiyana. Malinga ndi iye, zazikazi yowala mnzake kusankha kwa mtundu wokongola, popeza kuti m'badwo wotsatira ayenera kukhala chimodzimodzi kwa iwo, ndipo anasankha kubereka.

Kuwonjezera pa atatu amene ali pamwambawa, pali munthu ndi gulu mitundu ya kusankha zamoyo. Ndi zolinga woyamba kupulumutsa anthu ena amene ali ndi zizindikiro, zimene zingachititse kuti adzapulumuke ndipo tilipo mwa anthu awo. Gulu amakhazikitsa quality, lipindulitsa pa mtundu wonse.

Zamoyo zonse zilipo za kusankha zamoyo si mosintha, mwangozi kamodzi, koma pang'onopang'ono, monga ku mibadwomibadwo, anthu lofotokozabe zinthu zina.