Mphamvu kusankha - microevolution mu chiwerengero cha tizilombo

Natural kusankha nthawi zonse chinthu chachikulu kusintha kwa zinthu zamoyo. Iye amachita ndi limagwirira chomwecho - ndi moyo ndi kusunga mbewu wamphamvu, ie, Zamphamvu. Komabe, malinga ndi nchito zake, malangizo, makamaka zinthu kuli zamoyo - mawonekedwe a kusankha zamoyo angakhale osiyana. Choncho, munthu wa mtundu uliwonse ndi kusankha zazikulu (mbali), amene akutsatira kusintha chilengedwe ndipo kumathandiza anasintha wa zikutanthauza Mbali kapena katundu. Makhalidwe kachulukidwe mtengo pafupifupi ndi masamu zikutanthauza mtengo Mwachitsanzo - pafupifupi chiwerengero cha ana umatulutsa. Kumasulira kwa katundu Mkhalidwe anatsimikiza pafupipafupi (kuchuluka) a toyesa ndi mbali zofunika Mwachitsanzo - pafupipafupi ndi hornless ng'ombe nyanga.

Analysis katundu amenewa amapereka limasonyeza kusintha zimene kunabadwa anthu chifukwa anatengera kwa kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Mu kusankha wamphamvu angathandize kuti onse kulimbitsa ndi kufooketsa kusintha katundu wa chamoyo. Chitsanzo cha phindu khalidwe kungakhale otchedwa mafakitale melanism. View gulugufe pamaphulikaphulika njenjete m'madera sanali mafakitale ali kuwala akuda mamba kuphimba thupi ndi mapiko, ndipo m'madera ambiri mafakitale a mtundu wawo akutembenukira wakuda. Zikamera wa njenjete zachilendo kwa iwo kuipitsa chifukwa chakuti zoipa mpweya mafakitale zinachititsa kuti imfa ya lichens kuti anakhala pa makungwa a mitengo ndi agulugufe kutumikira ngati malo kuthetsa (zoteteza coloration). Mtundu Kusintha mamba bwino mwayi wa kupulumuka agulugufe. Mu nkhani iyi, zinayambitsa otchedwa kusankha muyezo - kusunga ndi kufalitsa mitundu latsopano agulugufe kuti zinthu zinasintha ndi kupitiriza mpikisano, ndiye kubereka.

Chitsanzo attenuation khalidwe ndi imfa kapena kuchepetsa thupi ndi ziwalo mu Chifukwa chakuti iye sumabala zinchito katundu - mapiko a Nthiwatiwa ndi (osati zouluka), pakalibe miyendo njoka.

Kusankha Mphamvu zachokera yokumba. Choncho munthu kusankha anthu monga ena magawo (fenotayipi), kumaonjezera pafupipafupi chuma ichi. Empirically kutsimikiziridwa kuti zosangalatsa ndi maonekedwe awo kumabweretsa kusintha genotype, ndipo mwina imfa ya wina alleles. Pali njira zina kusankha yokumba - kanthu ndipo methodical. Pamene ntchito kusankha munthu wakomoka, monga intuitively amasankha bwino. The Chifukwa nyemba ndi pakutchulidwa a Mitundu latsopano ndi mitundu khalidwe kwa m'dera makamaka. Mfundo Methodological ntchito kusankha kutulutsa mitundu yatsopano ya zomera ndi nyama ndinazolowera zikhalidwe yeniyeni kukula ndi malawi (ozizira zosagwira mitundu ratseny).

Choncho, mphamvu kusankha - ndi mtundu wa kusankha zamoyo chifukwa cha zomwe Maonekedwe a mtundu watsopano kusinthidwa kwa zinthu zomwe angathe kupulumuka ndi kupitiriza banja lawo m'malo wosinthika.