Lamulo loyamba ndi lachiwiri la Faraday

The electrolyte nthawi zonse ali ndi kuchuluka kwa ayoni ndi zizindikiro "kuphatikiza" ndi "opanda", lokonzedwa ndi yatikhudza mamolekyulu zinthu kusungunuka ndi zosungunulira lapansi. Akachitika m'munda magetsi, ayoni kuyamba kusamukira maelekitirodi, ndi liwiro oyenera kwa cathode a, zoipa - kuti anode lapansi. Atafika maelekitirodi, ndi ayoni kuwapatsa milandu awo n'kukhala maatomu ndale ndipo anakaika pa maelekitirodi lapansi. The ayoni abwino kwambiri maelekitirodi m'pamenenso adzakhala kulephereka kwa mankhwala.

Izi mapeto tingathe kubwera ndi empirically. Kudutsa panopa mwa amadzimadzi njira ya sulphate mkuwa , ndipo adzaona kumasulidwa zamkuwa mpweya cathode. Ife tikupeza kuti poyamba ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza zamkuwa sadzachitanso noticeable, monga bandiwifi panopa zingawonjezere izo, ndi chifukwa cha ndime yaitali panopa akupezeka pa mpweya elekitirodi ndithu makulidwe wosanjikiza mkuwa, zomwe ndi zosavuta solder Mwachitsanzo, mkuwa waya.

The chodabwitsa cha zinthu kutali maelekitirodi pamene papita panopa kudzera electrolyte imatchedwa electrolysis.

Kudutsa mafunde zosiyanasiyana osiyana electrolysis mosamala kuyeza misa ndi zinthu linatuluka pa maelekitirodi aliyense electrolyte, ndi English sayansi Faraday mu 1833 - 1834 zaka. Ndinatsegula Chilamulo ziwiri electrolysis.

Lamulo loyamba Faraday a amakhazikitsa ubale pakati pa unyinji wa chinthu anamasulidwa ndi electrolysis ndi mtengo paja kuti wopyoza electrolyte lapansi.

Lamulo limeneli anakonza motere: Unyinji wa zinthu zimene anali allocated pa electrolysis, pa chilichonse elekitirodi mwachindunji njila kwa kuchuluka mlandu umene wopyoza electrolyte ndi:

mamita = kq,

kumene mamita - Unyinji wa zinthu zimene anali yekhayekha, Q - mlandu.

Mtengo K - elektrohimicheskimy mankhwala ofanana. Ndi mmene aliyense mankhwala anamasulidwa pa electrolyte lapansi.

Ngati inu kutenga chilinganizo Q = 1 m'khosi, ndiye a k = m, mwachitsanzo electrochemical lofanana ndi thunthu kukhala numerically wofanana ndi kulemera kwa chinthu osankhidwa electrolyte mwa kupatsa mlandu mu m'khosi wina.

Kufotokoza dongosolo kudzera mlandu Ine panopa ndi nthawi T timapeza:

mamita = zida.

Lamulo loyamba Faraday kufufuzidwa zochitika motere. Kudutsa panopa mwa electrolytes A, B ndi C. Ngati iwo zofanana, ndiye unyinji wa chinthu anasankha A, B ndi C lidzachitiridwa monga Mafunde Ine, I1, I2. chiwerengero cha zinthu anasankha A, ndi wofanana Uwerenge mabuku ndi allocated kuti B ndi C, kuyambira panopa I = I1 + I2.

lamulo Faraday mphindi inakhazikitsa kudalira wa ofanana electrochemical a atomiki kulemera ndi valence chinthu ndi anakonza motere: electrochemical lofanana ndi mankhwala adzakhala njila kwa kulemera atomiki, ndi inversely njila kwa valency ake.

The chiŵerengero cha kulemera atomiki wa chinthu kuti valence ake otchedwa mankhwala ofanana mankhwala. Kuyamba mtengo uwu, lamulo Faraday chachiwiri angathe kukonza mosiyana: lofanana electrochemical wa thunthu ndi njila kwa zofanana zawo mankhwala.

Tiyeni zofanana Electrochemical zinthu zosiyana ziri motero k1 ndi k2, k3, ..., kn, mankhwala yemweyo zofanana mofanana zinthu x1 ndi x2, x23, ..., xn, ndiye k1 / k2 = x1 / x2, kapena k1 / x1 = k2 / x2 = k3 / x3 = ... = kn / xn.

M'mawu ena, chiŵerengero cha ndalama zokwana electrochemical wa chinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa thunthu yemweyo nthawi zonse kuti zinthu zonse ndi mtengo womwewo;

K / × = c.

Ndizoonekeratu kuti chiŵerengero cha K / × ndi mosalekeza zinthu zonse:

K / × = m'ma = 0, 01036 (meq) / K.

Mtengo limaonetsa angati milligram zofanana zinthu pa maelekitirodi limasuka pa ndimeyi mwa electrolyte mlandu magetsi, wofanana ndi 1 coulomb. Lamulo lachiwiri Faraday ankaimira mfundo:

K = cx.

M'malo mawu amenewa kwa K m'chilamulo loyamba Faraday, ndi awiri pamodzi m'mawu akuti:

mamita = kq = cxq = cxIt,

kumene m'ma - chilengedwe zonse 0 00001036 (Eq) / K.

chilinganizo Izi zikusonyeza kuti ndi kudutsa pano chimodzimodzi kwa nthawi yomweyi nthawi electrolyte awiri osiyana, ife tikusiyana panja kuchuluka kwa zinthu electrolytes zokhudza zofanana monga mankhwala yace.

Popeza × = A / N, ndiye ife tikhoza kulemba:

mamita = Ca / nIt,

i.e., unyinji wa chinthu asankhidwa pa maelekitirodi pa electrolysis kukhala mwachindunji njila zake kulemera atomiki, panopa, nthawi, ndi inversely njila kwa valency lapansi.

Lamulo lachiwiri Faraday kuti electrolysis, komanso woyamba, motere mwachindunji ku chikhalidwe cha panopa ion mu njira.

lamulo Faraday a, Lenz, komanso zina zambiri asayansi otchuka unachita yaikulu mu mbiriyakale ndi chitukuko cha sayansi.