Tizilombo mkombero. Udindo wa zamoyo mu dongosolo la kwachilengedwenso

Mu pepala ili, ife akamufunsirire kuganizira inu, kodi mkombero kwachilengedwenso. ndi ntchito zake ndi kufunika kwa zimene zamoyo padziko lathuli. Ifenso tcheru gwero mphamvu kukhazikitsa.

Kodi china chimene muyenera kudziwa pamaso mufufuza mkombero zamoyo ndi kuti dziko wapangidwa zigawo zitatu:

• lithosphere (chipolopolo olimba, ziri kulankhula, ndi dziko tikuyenda pa);
• hydrosphere (monga onse a madzi, ndiko, nyanja, mitsinje, nyanja, ndi zina zotero);
• mpweya (gaseous envelopu, mpweya umene timapuma).

Pakati pa zigawo zonse omveka bwino, koma iwo alibe ntchito iliyonse amatha kudutsa mu mzake.

Makope zinthu

zigawo zonse izi zimapanga biosphere. Kodi mkombero kwachilengedwenso? Apa ndi pamene zinthu likupita mu biosphere, + wa Kedesi mu nthaka, mpweya, zamoyo. Izi makope wosatha amatchedwa mkombero kwachilengedwenso. Nkofunika kudziwa komanso zimene kumayamba onse ndipo itha zomera.

Ndi kupalasa njinga zinthu chinabisidwa ndondomeko chovuta kwambiri. zinthu chilichonse dothi ndi mpweya kulowa zomera, ndiyeno zina zamoyo. Ndiye mu matupi limene odzipereka, anayamba mwachangu kubala mankhwala ena ovuta, kenako yamasika amasankhidwa kunja. Tikhoza kunena kuti ndondomeko imeneyi, limene ubale wa dziko lonse. Zamoyo kucheza ndi mzake, monga ife lerolino.

Mpweya sanali nthawizonse, monga tidziwa. Poyamba, mpweya chilengedwe chathu unali wosiyana kwambiri lero, ndicho anali ladzala ndi mpweya woipa ndi ammonia. Nanga pali anthu amene ntchito mpweya wopuma? Tiyenera kuyamikira zomera zobiriwira, amene chingachititse boma la mlengalenga mwathu zofunika mtundu wa munthu. Air ndi chosakanikirana ndi zomera herbivores, iwo ali m'gulu menyu cha adani. Pamene nyama zimafa, zotsala awo kukonzedwa tizilombo. Ndicho chimene akutembenukira humus koyenera kuti zomera zikule. Monga mukuonera, bwalo chatsekedwa.

mphamvu

mkombero Tizilombo sizingatheke popanda mphamvu. Kodi kapena amene ndi gwero la mphamvu kwa gulu la kutonthozana izi? Kumene, gwero lathu la kutentha mphamvu dzuwa nyenyezi. mkombero Tizilombo si zotheka popanda gwero lathu la kutentha ndi kuwala. Dzuwa heats:

• mpweya;
• nthaka;
• zomera.

Pa Kutentha, madzi evaporation zikachitika, limene limayamba kudziunjikira mu mlengalenga ngati mtambo. madzi onse mapeto kubwerera ku dziko lapansili mu mawonekedwe a mvula kapena chipale chofewa. Atabwerera, iye infiltrates nthaka, ndi mizu yake woyamwa a mitengo yosiyanasiyana. Ngati madzi wakhala nthawi kudutsa kwambiri kwambiri, nazo pansi, ndipo ena mwa palimodzi akubwerera ku mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja ndi nyanja.

Monga amadziwika, pamene kupuma timatengera mpweya ndi wotuluka tikamapuma mpweya. Choncho, dzuwa mphamvu ndi mtengo zabwino akonzanso wa carbon dioxide ndi mpweya kumbuyo m'mlengalenga. Kumeneku amati photosynthesis.

M'zinthu za kuzungulira kwachilengedwenso

Tiyeni tiyambe gawo ili ndi mfundo "ndondomeko kwachilengedwenso". Ndi chodabwitsa chosatha. Tingaone ndi kaimbidwe zamoyo amene ali ndi lopangidwa ndi njira zamoyo kawirikawiri pa intervals ena.

The ndondomeko kwachilengedwenso Tingaone kulikonse, izo ndi chibadidwe zamoyo zonse pa dziko lapansi. Iye alinso mbali ya magulu osiyanasiyana a bungwe. Ndiko kuti, mkati mwa khungu, ndipo biosphere tikhoza kusunga njira izi. Kodi tingadziwe mitundu yambiri (m'zinthu) zako kwachilengedwenso:

• diurnal;
• DSA;
• nyengo;
• pachaka;
• osatha;
• zaka zambiri.

Kwambiri kutchulidwa m'zinthu pachaka. Tisunge iwo, nthawi zonse ndipo kulikonse, m'pake pang'ono kuganiza za funsolo.

madzi

Tsopano tikukupemphani kuganizira mkombero kwachilengedwenso mu chikhalidwe pa madzi chitsanzo, kugwirizana ambiri lathuli. Iwo ali mbali zambiri zimene zingathe nawo njira zambiri mwa thupi, ndi kupitirira. Kuchokera mkombero wa H ₂ O m'chilengedwe zimadalira moyo wa zamoyo zonse. Popanda madzi, sitikadakhala, ndipo padziko lonse kukhala ngati chipululu chopanda moyo. Iwo akhoza kutenga nawo mbali pa ndondomeko zonse zofunika. N'zotheka kujambula mfundo imeneyi: zolengedwa zonse zamoyo za padziko Lapansi basi ayenera madzi oyera.

Koma madzi nthawi zonse chifukwa cha ndondomeko aliyense zakhudzana. Nanga kupereka okha ndi kotunga losatha la madzi akumwa? Chibadwa mukusautsika, tiyenera kuthokoza chifukwa kuti moyo wa madzi mkombero chomwecho. Takambirana kale anayang'ana pa momwe izo zonse zimachitika. Madzi ukuphwera, kupita ku mitambo ndi mpweya (mvula kapena chipale). Zimenezi amatchedwa "madzi amayendera". Bukuli lili ndi njira zinayi:

• evaporation;
• condensation;
• mpweya;
• kukhetsa madzi.

Mitundu iwiri ya kayendedwe ka madzi: yaikuluikulu.

mpweya

Tsopano tiona mmene kwachilengedwenso mpweya mkombero m'chilengedwe. Nkofunika kudziwa komanso zimene ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ali malo okha 16. Izo zingachitike mu mawonekedwe a diamondi ndi graphite. A kuchuluka kuposa nainte malasha. Kaboni ngakhale m'gulu zikuchokera mlengalenga, koma wokhutira ndi laling'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi 0,05 peresenti.

Mu biosphere chifukwa cha mpweya analenga kwambiri cha mankhwala osiyana organic zofunika zamoyo zonse padziko lathuli. Taganizirani ndondomeko ya dzuwa: zomera kuyamwa mpweya woipa mlengalenga ndi akonzanso izo, chifukwa, tili zosiyanasiyana organic mankhwala.

phosphorous

Mtengo wa kuzungulira kwachilengedwenso ndi mokwanira lalikulu. Ngakhale ngati ife phosphorous, izo zimapezeka ambiri mu mafupa, m'pofunika zomera. Ndiwo - ndi mphwayi. Angapezeke mu miyala igneous. zamoyo amatha kuzichotsa izo kwa:

• nthaka;
• chuma madzi.

Umapezeka thupi, ndicho, gawo la:

• mapuloteni;
• asidi mkati;
• fupa;
• lecithin;
• phytin ndi zina zotero.

Ndicho phosphorous zingamuthandize yosungirako mphamvu m'thupi. Pamene thupi lifa, limabwerera pansi kapena pa nyanja. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe miyala wolemera phosphorous. Ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri kuzungulira biogenic.

asafe

Tsopano ife kuyang'ana pa mkombero asafe. Izi zisanachitike, tiona kuti ndi pafupifupi 80% ya buku okwana m'mlengalenga. Gwirizanani, chithunzi ichi ndi chidwi kwambiri. Komanso ndi maziko a zikuchokera mumlengalenga, asafe opezeka mu zomera ndi nyama zamoyo. Tikhoza kukwaniritsa mu mawonekedwe a mapuloteni.

Koma mkombero asafe, tikhoza kunena izi: kuchokera mumlengalenga ku feteleza asafe mawonekedwe, amene apanga ndi zomera. The ndondomeko ya kulenga ku feteleza otchedwa asafe fixation. Pamene chomera ikafa niivunda, ndi asafe ali m'bukuli igwera mu nthaka monga ammonia. Last woyengeka (oxidized) zamoyo m'nthaka, choncho palibe asidi nitric. Iwo akhoza kuchita ndi carbonate, ndilo zonse dothi. Komanso, m'pofunika kutchula chakuti asafe adzamasulidwa ku mtundu woyera chifukwa cha kuwola ya zomera kapena pa kuyaka.

sulfure

Ngati zinthu zina zambiri za kayendedwe ka sulfure ndi umafananirako kuti zamoyo. Sulfa mu mlengalenga ndi kuphulitsa mapiri. Sulfide sulfure akhoza pokonza ndi tizilombo nako kuunika kuoneka sulfates. Recent chosakanikirana ndi zomera, sulfure ndi mbali ya mafuta zofunikira. Monga thupi, sulufule tikhoza kukumana ndi:

• amino zidulo;
• mapuloteni.