Lamulo Kirchhoff mu elekrotehnike

Mu kuwerengetsera ya magetsi madera AC ndi DC pambali wotchuka chilinganizo Ohm komanso kutsatira malamulo Kirchhoff a. munthu amene ntchito zokhudzana ndi zomangamanga magetsi, ngakhale kuti usiku ndilipo kupereka matanthauzo aliyense wa malamulo awiri. Nthawi zambiri si koyenera kuchita kuwerengetsera mochuluka monga kwa kamvedwe ka njira.

Back mu 1845, ku German sayansi Gustav Kirhgof zochokera ntchito Maxwell a (kusamala mlandu, ndi katundu wa kumunda electrostatic) anakonza malamulo awiri malangizo ubale pakati pa voteji ndipo panopa ku dera chatsekedwa magetsi. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti athetse iliyonse ntchito vuto zokhudzana ndi magetsi. lamulo Kirchhoff a ntchito kuwerengera liniya dera magetsi, chimathandiza kupeza dongosolo chakale cha maikwezhoni liniya kuti kuganizira voltages ndi mafunde kuti anadzakhala pambuyo ntchitoyo.

Mawu zikusonyeza ntchito mawu magetsi "dera mfundo ndi nthambi." Nthambi - ndi aliyense awiri kumbali dera njira, wopondereza kutalika kwake. Dera - dongosolo nthambi kutengeka, kuti, kuyambira gulu maganizo a mfundo iliyonse pa nthambi iliyonse, pamapeto akupeza kumalo kumene gululi linayamba. More zomveka nthambi amatchedwa "mpukutu pa", ngakhale kuti izi sizolondola kwathunthu. Mfundo - mfundo imene nthambi ziwiri kapena zambiri.

1 malamulo Kirchhoff ndi lophweka. Bukuli lili ndi malamulo zikuluzikulu zachilengedwe mlandu. lamulo loyamba Kirchhoff limati: Uwerenge mafunde (algebraic), akuthamanga nthambi kuti mfundo limodzi ndi wofanana ndi ziro. Ndiko kuti, I1 + I2 + I3 = 0. Pakuti anapezazo ndi amaganiza kuti angapereke mafunde kupita mu mfundo ali ndi "+" chizindikiro ndi chifukwa "-". Choncho chilinganizo adziika kukodzedwa view wa I1 + I2 - I3 = 0. M'mawu ena, kuchuluka kwa panopa kupita mu mfundo ndi wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha effluent. lamulo Kirchhoff izi ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa kumvetsa mfundo za zida zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, limatiuza chifukwa pamene kulumikiza magetsi galimoto windings pa "nyenyezi" kapena "makona" palibe interphase lalifupi dera.

malamulo 2 Kirchhoff a amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera chatsekedwa kuzungulira ndi kuchuluka kwa nthambi. Mwachindunji chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi lamulo lachitatu la Maxwell (zonse maginito). ulamuliro limanena kuti ndalama algebraic wa voteji akutsikira pa nthambi iliyonse dera ndi wofanana Uwerenge mfundo emf masamu nthambi zonse za dera la. N'zoonekeratu kuti sitili pa dera chatsekedwa ya magetsi gwero (EDS), chifukwa voteji dontho kudzakhala ziro. Mawu osavuta kwambiri, gwero la mphamvu atatembenuzidwa yekha ogula, ndi cholinga kubwerera ku mtengo wake wapachiyambi. Pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo limeneli lili zingapo zochititsa, monga momwe zilili ndi loyamba.

Ankalemba dera aone kuti pali, amaganiza kuti angapereke n'zosangalatsa kumva za mphamvu electromotive ali ndi chizindikiro zabwino pamene malangizo munalandirapo poyamba kulambalala dera (bwinobwino kutsogolo) chikugwirizana ndi malangizo ake, ndi zoipa ngati malangizo ndi mnzanu. N'chimodzimodzinso resistor kuti: pamene malangizo a panopa ndi chimodzimodzi kuti a kulambalala anasankhidwa ndi voteji dontho pa izo zimachitika "+" chizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, E1 - E2 + E3 = I1R1 - I2R2 + I3R3 + I4R4 ...

Chifukwa, kuzilambalala nthambi tonse a zigawo dera la dongosolo la maikwezhoni liniya, kuthetsa kuti, n'zotheka kuphunzira nthambi zonse zikusinthira (ndi mayunitsi). Anathana ndi asapita akamagwira njira mafunde kuzungulira.

N'zovuta Musaone kufunika kwa malamulo Kirchhoff cha zomangamanga magetsi. Chomasuka kulemba maikwezhoni ndi njira zawo ndi njira ajebura chakale anali chifukwa ntchito lonse.