Zinthu zachilengedwe ndiponso kukwaniritsa awo pa zamoyo

Abiotic zinthu zachilengedwe anatsimikiza ndi zinthu nyengo komanso nthaka ndi madzi.

Gawo

Pali classifications angapo zinthu abiotic. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka ukugawa iwo m'zigawo izi:

• zinthu thupi (kuwala, kutentha, barometric kuthamanga, chinyezi);
• zinthu mankhwala (mumlengalenga zikuchokera, mchere ndi organic m'nthaka, pH wa nthaka, etc.)
• zinthu mwamwambo (mphepo, kugumuka gululi madzi ndi nthaka, mtunda, etc.).

zinthu Abiotic zachilengedwe kwambiri bwanji kufalitsa mitundu ndi kudziwa malo awo, i.e. dera, amene ali malo a zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.

kutentha

zofunika kwambiri wapatsidwa kutentha, monga chigawo yofunika kwambiri. Malinga kutentha, zinthu abiotic zachilengedwe ndi mabacteria osiyana ikukhudzana amene amagwirizana ndi moyo wa zamoyo m'chilengedwe. Izi - ozizira, kotentha, otentha subtropical mabacteria. Kutentha umene uli yabwino kwa moyo wa zamoyo amatchedwa mulingo woyenera. Pafupifupi onse zamoyo amatha kukhala mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0 ° - 50 ° C.

Malinga ndi luso zamoyo kukhalapo mu zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kutentha, iwo ali m'magulu monga:

• zamoyo eurythermic ndinazolowera zikhalidwe za kusinthasintha mofulumira kutentha;
• zamoyo stenothermal kulili yopapatiza kutentha osiyanasiyana.

Eurythermic kupeza zamoyo kuti moyo makamaka pamene nyengo chokhala ponseponse. Tizilombo timeneti amatha kupirira kusinthasintha aakulu kutentha (Diptera mphutsi, mabakiteriya, algae, mphutsi). Ena zamoyo eurythermal akhoza kugwa mu khalidwe la hibernation, ngati "wowawa" kutentha china. Kagayidwe okhumudwa ndi kwambiri yafupika (yoongoka, zimbalangondo neri Al.).

zamoyo Stenothermal zimakhala mwa nyama ndi zomera. Mwachitsanzo, nyama kwambiri m'madzi kupulumuka pa kutentha kwa 30 ° C.

nyama anagawanika kuti sangathe kukhala kutentha zawo lamulo, ie, zonse thupi kutentha, pa poikilothermic otchedwa ndi homeothermic. Akale akhoza kusintha kutentha kwake, pamene lachiwiri ndi nthawi zonse. Onse nyama ndi mbalame zina ndi nyama homeothermic. Kuti poikilothermic monga zamoyo zonse kupatula Mitundu ina ya mbalame ndi nyama. kutentha thupi ali pafupi yozungulira kutentha. M'kupita kwa zamoyo nyama yoperekedwa kwa homoiothermal, ndinazolowera kudziteteza ku ozizira (hibernation, kusamuka, ubweya, etc.).

kuwala

Abiotic zinthu zachilengedwe - chiri kuunika ndi mphamvu zake. kufunika kwake ndi lalikulu kwambiri kwa photosynthesizing zomera. Pa mlingo wa dzuwa amakhudza mwamphamvu cheza dzuwa, ndi Mkhalidwe zikuchokera kuwala, nthawi kufalitsa kuwala. Komabe, mabakiteriya kudziwika ndi bowa kuti angathe kubereka nthawi yaitali mu mdima. Zomera anawagawa kuwala wachikondi, teplovynoslivye ndi kutentha wachikondi.

Pakuti ambiri nyama zofunika tsiku m'litali, kumene kumakhudza ntchito kugonana ndi kuwonjezeka izo m'masiku yaitali, ndi kupondereza ndi waufupi photoperiod (yophukira kapena yozizira).

chinyezi

Chinyezi chinthu zovuta ndipo umaimira kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi mu mpweya ndi madzi mu nthaka. Mlingo chinyezi zimadalira moyo amayembekezeka maselo, ndipo motero, ndipo thupi lonse. Pa nthaka makhalidwe chinyezi mvula, madzi akuya yatsoka mu nthaka ndi zinthu zina. Chinyezi zingamuthandize Kutha mchere.

zinthu Abiotic chilengedwe madzi

zinthu mankhwala si otsika mu kufunika kwa zinthu zakuthupi. udindo Big wa mafuta zikuchokera m'mlengalenga, komanso zikuchokera sing'anga amadzimadzi. Pafupifupi onse zamoyo ayenera mpweya, ndi zina zamoyo - asafe, sulphide hydrogen ndi dziko.

Thupi zinthu abiotic kwa chilengedwe ndi mbali ya mafuta, umene uli wofunika kwambiri kwa anthu okhala zokhala malo m'madzi. Mu m'Nyanja ya Black Mwachitsanzo, ambiri sulfide wa hydrogen, amene chifukwa dziwe ndi ankaona kuti si yabwino kwambiri zamoyo zambiri. Amenewa - yofunika zikuluzikulu za chilengedwe m'madzi. nyama zambiri za m'madzi zokhala m'madzi mchere, ochepa - mu madzi, ndipo ngakhale zochepa - mu madzi pang'ono brackish. Yogawa ndi kubalana wa nyama za m'madzi anakhudzidwa ndi luso la kukhala mchere zikuchokera chilengedwe mkati.