Formic aldehyde. Kukonzekera formic aldehyde

Formic aldehyde kapena formaldehyde - ndi mpweya colorless ndi lakuthwa, zosasangalatsa fungo khalidwe. Iye kwambiri sungunuka m'madzi ndi alcohols. Formaldehyde kwambiri poizoni ndi angachititse thupi anthu kusintha pathological. Komanso, amaona ndi carcinogen.

Formaldehyde - woyamba wa munthu mndandanda magazi, womwenso aliphatic formic aldehyde. asidi Formic komanso akusonyeza katundu wa gulu limeneli.

katundu mankhwala

Formaldehyde akhoza kuchita zonse zochita zimene ziri khalidwe la magazi mndandanda wa aldehydes aliphatic. Kuphatikizapo ndi nucleophiles. Iwo unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi kuchepetsa wothandizira. Ndi makamaka chifukwa chakuti otsika formaldehyde elekitironi osalimba pa maatomu mpweya. Zikomo Mbali imeneyi ya kapangidwe zimakhala zosavuta kulowa zosiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi ngakhale nucleophiles ofooka kwambiri. Ikufotokoza kuti pa amadzimadzi formic aldehyde chikupezeka mu mkhalidwe hydrated.

kupanga kolandira

nkhani imeneyi ndi wosavuta chilinganizo. Formic aldehyde pa chinenero mankhwala zikuwoneka ngati izi: HCHO. Waukulu mafakitale njira ya ulimi wake - ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa methanol. Zimenezi ikuchitika ntchito chothandizira siliva. Amafuna Kutentha - 650 madigiri. methanol makutidwe ndi okosijeni limapezeka pa kuthamanga mumlengalenga.

Zimenezi ndi kale ndithu nthawi yaitali ntchito kulikonse. Bwino katswiri. Pafupifupi 80% formaldehyde analandira mwa oxidizing zimene methanol. Komabe, ili ndi njira yokha ayi. A posachedwapa Kutacha njira kwambiri zingamuthandize. Bukuli lili pa ntchito catalysts chitsulo molybdenum. Pankhaniyi kufunika mlingo kutentha yafupika madigiri 300, ndipo pafupifupi halved.

Limatchedwanso ndi ndondomeko ina mafakitale - pa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa dziko. Poyankha chilinganizo ichi wapamwamba: formic aldehyde analandira pa mavuto 1-2 MPa pa madigiri 450. The chothandizira anatengedwa zotayidwa mankwala.

ntchito

Methanediol - amadzimadzi formaldehyde njira, zomwe zimabweretsa mapuloteni denaturation. khalidwe Ichi chizathandiza ntchito mankhwala monga wothandizila khungu mu kupanga zinthu zachikopa. Amagwiritsidwanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga Film-mafilimu. Chifukwa amphamvu tannic katundu formaldehyde amadziwika monga antiseptic. Ambiri ntchito mankhwala. Ofotokoza kubala zinthuzi antiseptic, monga "Formagel" ndi "Formidron". Pakuti ndithu nthawi yaitali, formic aldehyde ntchito zamoyo kwa kusungiramo biomaterials, monga ziwalo za nyama kapena matupi.

Panopa, kupeza formic aldehyde yopindulitsa nkhuni ndipo, ndithudi, makampani mipando. Izo ntchito yopanga resins melaminokarbamidoformaldegidnyh. Iwo ntchito popanga Nyerere bolodi, plywood ndi zipangizo zina nyumbayi.

Pamene kasungidwe formic aldehyde tisaiwale kuti pa kutentha m'munsimu madigiri 10 yankho amakhala mitambo ndi precipitate woyera akuwonekera. Komanso, formaldehyde ndi anachitira ndi oxygen. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anapanga chifukwa cha otsika zina nthambi unyolo initiators.

katundu poizoni

Choncho, formaldehyde zakonzedwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa methanol ndi dziko. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ali ndi digiri mokwanira mkulu wa kawopsedwe. Formic aldehyde kwenikweni zimakhudza zinthu chibadwa. Kuyambira mankhwala avutike ndi Ziwalo zoberekera. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amalembedwa airway kuwonongeka, khungu ndi maso.

Formaldehyde ndi oopsa chifukwa chakuti ali ndi zoyipa pa CNS.

Formic aldehyde si poizoni - 60-90 ml mankhwala (malingana ndi kulemera), atapanikizika, chifukwa imfa. Zizindikiro za poyizoni ndi monga:

• ambiri prostration;
• paleness wa khungu integument;
• kukomoka;
• CNS maganizo;
• kufupika kwa mpweya;
• aakulu mutu;
• omangana, makamaka usiku.

Formic aldehyde zimakhudza thupi

Ntchito aldehyde formic mu kupanga zambiri kumayambitsa amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana poyizoni antchito. Ndi zotupa amphamvu inhalation, mwachitsanzo, mwa inhalation, anati conjunctivitis ndi mawonekedwe pachimake chifuwa, nthawi zina zimabweretsa edema m'mapapo mwanga. Symptomatology mu kukhudzana yaitali formaldehyde kokha kuonjezera. Patapita kanthawi pang'ono, pali zizindikiro za kuvulala ndi CNS maganizo. Iwo adzalamulira mu chizungulire nthawi zonse, kumverera mantha likutuluka, ndi gait amakhala osakhazikika, ndipo usiku munthu angakhale khunyu.

Ngati poyizoni inkachitika kudzera pakamwa, ndi chizindikiro choyamba adzaotcherapo nembanemba mucous pa mundawo m'mimba. Izo kuonekera mu mawonekedwe a ululu, kugirigisha akupsya pakhosi ndi kum'mero. Munthu amamva amphamvu retching, kulemera, akana m'mimba adzakhala ali magazi. Zikavuta, kukhala laryngeal edema anati reflex kupuma kumangidwa.

Mu poyizoni aakulu mu woipa waung'ono anthu pali amphamvu kulemera imfa, kukondoweza maganizo, zipolowe zithunzi tulo, ndipo mutu aakulu.

Chiphe ndi formaldehyde

Formic aldehyde zambiri zopezeka mu mlengalenga. kampaniyo ali antchito zikugwira ntchito yokhudzana ndi kupanga resins kupanga, ndi kukhudzana okhazikika ndi yaitali kuti nthunzi formaldehyde zotheka poizoni. Nthawi zambiri masiku oyamba ntchito Munthu amalembedwa dermatitis pa nkhope, manja. Pamaso pa formaldehyde mu thupi Tingaone ndi boma la kuwonongeka kwa misomali - iwo iodzafewa ndipo kukhala Chimaona.

Chikanga ndi dermatitis kungakhale khalidwe lawo siligwirizana. Munthu likuvutika ndi poizoni, izo aumbike mwa formic aldehyde amphamvu tilinazo. Pali umboni kuti formaldehyde limakhudza anthu kugwira ntchito ziwalo zoberekera za thupi wamkazi.

Ntchito formaldehyde mu zodzoladzola

Okhutira formaldehyde amaloledwa monga usawonongeke mu zodzoladzola, koma ndende yake sayenera upambana 0.1%. Formic aldehyde chili mwa mankhwala otsukira mano creams thupi, nkhope ndi manja.

Komanso mankhwala ena njira popewa thukuta kwambiri mungathe ndi formaldehyde. ndende yake kololeka wa - 0.5%. mankhwala - wabwino antiseptic, ngakhale zedi ochepa ndi likhoza kuwononga yaying'ono-zamoyo. Izo kutiletsa kuika mafuta iliyonse pa nkhope ngati ali mbali ya 5% formaldehyde. Ndi zinadzala ndi maonekedwe a dermatitis ndi thupi lawo siligwirizana. Komanso formic aldehyde si ntchito yosungira katundu zodzikongoletsera, ngati iwo amagulitsa aerosols ndi opopera.

mankhwala onse pa zolemba zawo ayenera kukhala ndi mfundo zokhudza zili zinthu zoopsa, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa 0,05%. Ndipotu, lero sizinachitike Mukalongosola monga njira ya formaldehyde zimakhudza khungu, koma amadziwika kuti nyama ndi wofiira ndipo flaky.

Carcinogenic formic aldehyde

Amadziwika kuti formaldehyde ndi anachitira ndi selenium, ndi nawo asidi kwambiri moyikirapo sulfuric. Chifukwa ndi ethersulfates-4-tetradetsilidioksan. Nkhanizi ndi zovuta otchedwa pambuyo processing barium okusayidi hydrate amakhala detergent kwambiri. Zingaoneke, kodi ngozi? Koma formaldehyde anawonjezera kuti mndandanda wa zinthu ndi katundu carcinogenic. Ngakhale mlingo wa ngozi mulibe zakhazikitsidwa, m'pofunika kuganizira mfundo yakuti aldehyde formic umawononga nyama. Malinga ndi kafukufuku boma malo ambiri sayansi yadziko, ubale ntchito formaldehyde mu kupanga utoto, resins, zovala, mapulasitiki, ndi zosayembekezereka ya zotupa khansa anthu atsimikizira. chiopsezo makamaka mkulu wa khansa nasopharyngeal.