Munda electrostatic ndi unit mlandu

Mmadera pali stereotype nkhaniyo tinganene kuti si yekha ndi weniweni, komanso kuwoneka. Chikhulupiriro ichi ndi chokhacho mwina woona. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo momveka bwino nkhani wosaoneka - munda electrostatic. mphamvu ya maginito ndi magetsi - ndi mtundu wapadera. Ichi ndi osavuta kuti mutsimikize ngati tikambirana munda electrostatic ndi makhalidwe ake.

Back mu 1785 Shii Coulomb anatulukira ndipo anatsimikizira lamulo la mphamvu mogwirizana awiri matupi mfundo ndi milandu magetsi. Komabe, anakhalabe bwinobwino mmene Impact imafalikira. A mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano zinachitikadi, makamaka pamene milandu anaiika vacuo. Chilamulo zimawonedwa. Izi anena kuti alipidwa chilengedwe staging si zofunika kufala mphamvu. Kenako J. Maxwell (zochokera ntchito Faraday) linatsegulidwa munda electrostatic mu vacuo. Kunapezeka kuti munda nthawi zonse wozungulira milandu, kaya mtundu wa chilengedwe ndi kuonetsetsa mgwirizano wawo.

Kuyambira kumunda chuma, "umamumvera" mitunduyi Einstein ndi kumafalikira kuwala kumayendera. Dzina la munda electrostatic analandira zikomo chakuti ndi khalidwe la milandu atathana ( "malo amodzi" - mtendere, mgwirizano). mphamvu anapeza m'khosi otchedwa magetsi. Anafotokoza khama limene munda amachita pa mlandu wa pakulowamo.

Mmodzi mwa makhalidwe wogwidwa ndi munda electrostatic - ndi mavuto ake. Izi zikusonyeza mlingo wa mogwirizana milandu ina. Phunziro ntchito otchedwa mayeso mtengo, oyamba omwe m'munda si kusokoneza otsiriza. Kawirikawiri amatengedwa ngati wofanana 1.6 x 10 mphamvu ya -19 Coulomb. Ngati voteji imatchedwa «E», ife kupeza:

E = F / Q,

kumene F - mphamvu, kuchita pa unit mlandu Q (mwachitsanzo, mayeso). Kugwiritsa kuwerengetsera pakuti lamulo Coulomb amafuna mainstreaming ndi kaphatikizidwe koyefishienti wa pa zonse dielectric a sing'anga.

Munda electrostatic umagwiritsidwa ntchito chiwerengero cha milandu, motero pali dongosolo zovuta za ankachita. dongosolo mavuto tinganene kuti mawu a superposition, kotero zotsatira ukonde wa N-chiwerengero cha milandu ndi vekitala Uwerenge mphamvu zonse kumunda. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mawu akuti "mzere mwamphamvu" (a mawu, wodziwika ku sukulu Physics) anayambitsa chifukwa Faraday, amene schematically akuonetsedwa mizere wakumunda, pa mfundo zongopeka imodzimodzi ndi zamoyo zina za kuthengo electrostatic. Choncho, m'pamenenso mizere amenewa, mphamvu za mphamvu kanthu. Mosiyana ndi minda mu atomu si anatsekedwa electrostatics mzere mavuto. Komanso Dziwani kuti zitsulo (ndi zipangizo zina conductive) chifukwa mphamvu kumunda olumikizidwa ku makina oppositely imatsogoleredwa kanthu ya munda wa ufulu mlandu zonyamulira ali mu dongosolo galasi latisi. Ndipotu mphamvu msanga equalized, palibe panopa ndi mavuto mzere waya sangalowerere.

Komanso zedi vekitala, munda tinganene kuti ndi mfundo scalar anatengedwa aliyense (nkhani yabwino) mfundo. Lingathe electrostatic wa anati mfundo zimaonetsa m'munda. Tikhoza kunena kuti limafanana ndi mphamvu ndi kuthekera kwa mtengo umodzi zabwino pa chilichonse ina ya phula lapansi. Motero, unit volts. Tsimikizani ndi mphamvu angathe mlandu chiŵerengero Q-mayeso ukulu wake, i.e. W / Q-mayeso.

Sam ndi kuthekera zomwe kupanga electrostatic munda mphamvu, kusunthira mlandu mfundo wina ndi mzake, osawerengeka.