Kupanga ogwidwa, zitsanzo. Malamulo a kalembera wa kulankhula mwachindunji ndi ogwidwa

Quotes akhoza azikongoletsa malemba, chomwe chikuikira umboni kapena onse kutsegula mfundo ndi wolemba, amene mwina chifukwa adalola ntchito ya utolankhani ndi mapepala maphunziro. Koma nthawi zina oyamba a mu lemba osagwidwa kungakhale kovuta mawu a zopumira.

M'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa kukumbukira malamulo a kulembetsa ogwidwa pa njira zosiyana pophatikiza iwo mu lemba. Kumbukirani zimene zopumira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi yomweyo, komanso njira kwa kudzipatula mawu ena mu ndime mawu.

Kodi amagwira: Chitsanzo

Amagwira - izi ndi ndafunsira zimene zinanenedwa, nthawi yomweyo inextricably zogwirizana mkati tanthauzo la mawu, kumene ndimeyi ali nawo.

ukalamba - ali koposa zonse, chochitika agonjetse moyo. Monga ine ndinanena ndi wamkulu Faina Ranevskaya: ". Sindidzaiwala - chuma cha ukalamba"

Yonseyi malemba angapo kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana za ntchito mu umodzi wa afotokozera sikuloledwa. Iwo ayenera kukhala ngati zolemba zosiyanasiyana. Nkofunikira ndi kupezeka umboni wa gwero lake.

Ngati mwalola si malo akuyamba pa chiyambi cha maganizo pachiyambi, amagwira pali kuika madontho. Pamalo a mawu onse chosowacho m'ndime ndi kuika chizindikiro ichi.

"... Munthu wanzeru amadziwa kutuluka vuto, koma munthu wanzeru konse sumanyezimira," - anatsindika Ranevskaya.

Monga woyambitsa kapena gwero la ndimeyi tamutchula

Mmene bibliographic patchulidwa, Sitiulula m'nkhani ino, koma tikambirana njira zimene zikusonyeza mlembi kapena gwero anatchula. makhalidwe abwino amafuna kuchita zimenezi nthawi zonse ntchito lingaliro winawake.

Choncho, ngati akunena za gwero kapena kutchula dzina la wolemba mukufuna kukonza pambuyo makoti, ndiye kaŵirikaŵiri akachita m'mabokosi.

"Anthu wosadziŵa ali ndi chizolowezi mfundo lomveka ndi categorical" (David Dunning).

Chonde dziwani kuti pambuyo kufika makoti mu Baibulo si kuika, nachiyika pambuyo kugwirizana! Mwa njira, ngati mawu oyamba m'mabokosi, kusonyeza gwero, osati dzina lenileni, ndiye kwalembedwa zilembo zazing'ono.

"Anthu wosadziŵa ali ndi chizolowezi lomveka ndi categorical pozindikira" (kuchokera zamaganizo David Dunning nkhani).

Ngati kulembetsa mawu m'lembali amafuna kuti dzina la wolemba kapena gwero kwa mzere wina, zinalembedwa popanda parentheses ndi zizindikiro zina zopumira. Ndipo pambuyo makoti kwambiri yoyamba mfundo kapena chizindikiro chilichonse ankafuna.

Ife anthu wosadziŵa ali ndi chizolowezi mfundo lomveka ndi categorical.

David Dunning

Ulamuliro N'chimodzimodzinso epigraphs lapansi.

Zimatulutsa mkati makoti

Ngati m'ndime monga mwa mawuwo ali maumwini Kugawilidwa kwanthaka, iwo zasungidwa mu mawonekedwe mofanana limatiphunzitsa. Kupanga osagwidwa sikutanthauza mwapadera kutsindika kuti mlingo wa deta a wolemba. Nthawi pamene yapadera chinachake akufuna kugwira mawu, ayenera kupanga am'munsi ziwalo. Kuti muchite izi parentheses akusonyeza "kanyenye" kapena "kutsindika wanga" - ndi kuika Maina.

A. Akulu analankhula za wolemba O. Henry: "wopatsidwa chikhalidwe ndi mphatso osowa kuona zosangalatsa ... anakumana mu moyo ndi zomvetsa chisoni ... koma ambiri milandu amakonda chete za izo (Kanyenye wanga - II)."

Maina a wolemba, ndipo akhulupirira mwa mlandu kumene pali kufunika kuti atchule mafotokozedwe owonjezereka mu mawuwo.

"The mwambo mabuku amene ogwirizana maina awo (Gogol ndi Ostrovsky - II) ndi lofunika. Pambuyo Ostrowski poyamba anazindikira monga m'malo mwachindunji nkhani Gogol a ... "

Njira yomwe osagwidwa tikuuzidwa mu Lembalo

Quotes akhoza kulowa mu pempholo monga kulankhula mwachindunji. Mu milandu, ndi zopumira chinenero cha Chirasha anayikidwa komanso Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa kulankhula mwachindunji.

I. Zakharov limatsindika: "Ranevskaya anapirira mtima wina nkhanza, zikuwoneka ngati zochita milandu kumabwalo. Koma eni wathunso. "

Nthawi ngati tikalemba uwagawire malinga ndi wolemba, izo zikuwoneka ngati izi:

"Ufumu Wake ndi otsimikiza - AS analemba Pushkin AH Benkendorf, - kuti inu ntchito luso lanu kwambiri kuti anatumiza uthenga kwa mbadwa ulemerero wa lawo wathu ... "

Ngati amagwira - izi kuwonjezera pa, kapena ngati izo zifika ku gawo wamng'ono wa chiweruzo zovuta, ndiye palibe zizindikiro kupatula zizindikiro ogwidwawo si anaika, ndi ndime kwambiri akuyamba ndi kalata yaing'ono, ngakhale gwero kwalembedwa ndi chachikulu:

Panthawiyo, nzeru zapamwamba John. Locke ananena kuti "palibe mu nzeru, amene sakanakhala m'lingaliro."

zizindikiro zopumira pa mapeto a amagwira

Payokha, tiyenera kuganizira kamangidwe ka makoti mu kulemba zinthu zimene tiyenera kusankha mudapholiwa zopumira pa mapeto a izo - pambuyo pa zolemba.

• Ngati Iye anagwira mawu umatha ndi ellipsis ndi funso kapena chizindikiro ndi mawu akuti, ndiye iwo zimayikidwa patsogolo makoti:

Ketrin Hepbern anati: "kumvera malamulo onse, kuwamana okha a kuika zosangalatsa!"

• Ndipo zinthu kumene kulibe ogwidwawo mu zizindikiro ogwidwawo otchulidwa pa mapeto a mawuwo yoyamba mfundo, koma pambuyo pawo:

Ranevskaya anadandaula kuti: "Zaka 85 shuga - palibe shuga."

• Ngati amagwira - ndi mbali ya mzera wa wamng'ono, mpaka pambuyo mudapholiwa ogwidwawo adzaikidwe, ngakhale kale pamaso modabwa kapena funso chizindikiro kapena ellipsis iliyonse:

Marlene Dietrich molondola kuti "chikondi ndi umboni bwino chikondi kuposa lumbiro kwambiri mokhudza ...".

Lowercase kapena zazikulu kalata ndi pachiyambi amagwira?

Ngati amagwira aikidwa pambuyo m'matumbo, m'pofunika kulabadira zimene, ndi zimene makalata linayamba limatiphunzitsa. Mlandu m'munsi - amagwira ndi kwalembedwa ndi yaing'ono, koma pamaso pa lemba limeneli kuika madontho:

Pofotokoza AS Pushkin, IA Goncharov motsindika: "... mu manja kuti ayende mawu ake, kudziletsa anali yolembedwa bwino zimaŵetedwa munthu."

Ngati ndime lotengeka imayamba ndi likulu kalata, kamangidwe ka olowa ndi chimodzimodzi mu kulankhula mwachindunji - ndi likulu kalata akutsatiridwa ndi m'matumbo a.

B. Lakshin analemba AN Ostrovsky: "zambiri susiya kusewera masewero awa moyo ndi kusangalala ndi ululu tavomera sanakonde wathu."

Ngakhale ena mokoma ndi kalembedwe makoti

Kodi kudziwa panalembedwa, ngati inu muyenera kubweretsa mawuwo? Zikatero, lipoti mawu ndi mu makoti ndi anadzetsa maganizo ndi kalata lowercase:

B. Lakshin anatsindika kuti munthu mu sewero lanthabwala Ostrovsky mbiri yakale molondola ndi "ethnographic yowala."

Mu zochitika kumene limatiphunzitsa makoti si kwaulere (palibe yomasulira kope Russian kapena osowa), ndiye tikalemba zisonyeze: "uthenga ulalikidwa. pa. "

Ndingatani kusintha chinachake ndimeyi tamutchula

Kupanga osagwidwa osati amafuna zoletsedwa ndi malamulo a zopumira, komanso ubale zolondola kuti lemba mawu. Pa mbali ya mwini, muli mavesi amenewa angakhale chabe zolakwika ochepa boma wapachiyambi:

• ntchito kalembedwe zamakono zopumira polemba kalembedwe ndi mayikidwe a zizindikiro si chizindikiro cha kalembedwe munthu wa wolemba;
• kuchira chidule mawu, koma ndi kuvomerezedwa mapeto mapeto gawo m'mabokosi lalikulu, mwachitsanzo, kulankhulana kwa - kumanga [Øystein] mu;
• kamangidwe limalola olowa ndi kuchotsa mawu mwa iwo, ndi zoti malo akusowa madontho, ngati zilibe tanthauzo ambiri ndimeyi lotengeka;
• pamene mawu payekha kapena mawu, mungathe kusintha imfa yawo, kuti tisasokoneze kapangidwe syntactic a ziganizo zomwe zinaphatikizapo.

Ngati wolemba chofunika Kuwonjezera kufotokoza maganizo awo kuti ndimeyi mobwereza, kapena kwa iye, zambiri amaika pambuyo pawo m'mabokosi funso kapena chizindikiro modabwa.

Sikuti zopumira zizindikiro chinenero cha Chirasha ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka makoti

Kulemba wa sayansi kapena zolembalemba ntchito ya wolemba, amagwira - ndi njira kuyenera ndi yosafuna kuti amalola kuti mfundo kuti owerenga kuchita kaphatikizidwe awo ndipo, ndithudi, kutsimikiza ganizo Buku ake magwero odalirika.

M'malemba sanali sayansi tikalemba pa nthawi zambiri njira kukhudza mtima. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndimeyi adapirikitsidwira kuti opatsirana molondola. Ndipotu, ngakhale tanthauzo la "amagwira" Likutsindika kuti kwenikweni kulankhula akupanga lemba lililonse. Ndizoonekeratu pamenepa osati lemba, komanso zizindikiro zopumira, akupezeka ndi wolemba, komanso sapota-kutali, umene iye, ayenera chinaonekeranso popanda kukhota.

Ndipo mofanana zotheka kunyamula monga zikalata nduna, komanso mfundo za mumtima mabuku. Only ndi mfundo imeneyi, ife amene angamvetsetse zimene amagwira. Chitsanzo cha maganizo mosamala nkhani tamutchula - ndi wamkulu komanso woyamba kulemekeza wolemba amene analemba mizere tamutchula inu.