Magwero a phraseology. Ntchito phraseology zolankhula

Chirasha ndi chimodzi mwa olemera ndi ambiri limaonetseratu mu dziko chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa njira limaonetseratu. Phraseology - gawo zilankhulo, mmene anaphunzira lexically indivisible kuphatikiza mawu, wotchedwa wapadera mayunitsi phraseological. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo amakhala okongola kwambiri.

Kodi "okuluwika"? kutanthauza

Munthu aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito nsomba mawu m'mawu ake mwadala kapena mosadziwa, kuupereka kwa maganizo. Osati aliyense amadziwa chiyambi cha phraseology ndi chomwe iwo ali mawu osiyana. Kumvetsa ntchito ya mawu mapiko ndiponso kuti tisasokoneze iwo mayunitsi zina za kulankhula, m'pofunika kudziwa chikhalidwe chawo.

1. okuluwika nthawi zonse zovuta mu zikuchokera, amene wapangidwa mawu awiri kapena kuposa.

2. Kodi kufunika undifferentiated. Okuluwika zimakhudza, koma tingasonyezere ena mawu ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "Mosungira mpukutu" ntchito kutanthauza "ikukana popanda mlandu munthu."

3. Mosiyana ndi ufulu mawu phraseologisms yodziwika mosalekeza zikuchokera - zigawo zikuluzikulu sidzasinthika ndi manambala ndi mtundu uliwonse (sizikutanthauza "mphaka naplakal" mmalo mwa chakale lumikiza "mphaka kuseka" ndipo mmalo mwa "kuwotcha" - "atambala osati n'kumamujompha mwendo"; poyamba phraseologisms ndi makhalidwe a "ambiri" ndi "ochepa" nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulankhula).

4. nsomba mawu ndi amodzi mawu dongosolo. Kulakwa kunena "inde fupa khungu" osati "khungu ndi mafupa". ulamuliro imeneyi imagwira ntchito phraseology onse.

5. nsomba mawu a chinenerocho, monga ulamuliro, si anamasulira mawu mu lina. Ngati pali mawu mu Russian "malobvu denga" British kuti "kukhala ndi twiddle chala chanu" tanthauzo adzakhala - "kukhala kumbuyo".

Ntchito ya phraseology m'chilankhulo

Nsomba mawu kupereka mawu ndi zithunzi vividness. Chidziwitso cha mtengo phraseology m'madera onse a zochita za anthu, nthawi zambiri atolankhani ndi kutembenukira kwa njira zimenezi mu skits ndipo zithunzi, koma muyenera kudziwa kwenikweni chimene chimayimira okuluwika. Kulankhula humorist kapena satirist Kuŵaliraŵalirabe ndi zambiri limaonetseratu ngati adzaphatikana kulankhula nsombazo mawu. Ntchito phraseology mutu nyuzipepala nthawizonse apakhungu, ndipo nthawi zambiri wolemba poyera kuti kusinthika kulenga. Mukhoza kusankha 5 pamene nsomba mawu amanyamula tanthauzo latsopano.

1. Patsogolo ntchito chifukwa mawu ayenerere: "Amphaka si yaing'ono furry zazikulu zikhadabu zakuthwa zauve, anafukula mtima wake." Pankhaniyi, ndi okuluwika Anali wodziwika bwino dismembered mu mawu ena.
2. Phwando kuchepetsa (kuchepetsa) zikusonyezedwa wotchuka mndandanda TV "sanabadwe Chokongola." Izi zikusonyeza kuti: "ndi kubadwanso osangalala."
3. Magwero a phraseology achotsedwa pa zachikhalidwe kukopera ma khola. Choncho, Latin Mwambi "veni, vidi, vici" ( "Ine ndinabwera, ndinaona, anagonjetsa") mtolankhani angasinthe njira zawo, "Ine ndinabwera, anaona wolembedwa".
4. Kulumikiza mawu angapo: "Kodi chifukwa choopa otchedwa mantha kuti mulungu Pan anaseka jellied Homeric kuseka?" Kugwirizana ayenera kukhala bwino, kuti mawu sankanyoza kupusa.
5. Chiwonongeko cha tanthauzo lophiphiritsira pamene okuluwika ali ndi phindu mwachindunji, osati zophiphiritsira chabe, mwachitsanzo: "Mu ziboliboli Buddha manja golide".

Kodi nsomba mawu?

Mapangidwe chikhalidwe chilichonse anthu zikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri, zotsatira za umodzi wa dziko anayamba kukonda ena, kuti angaone chodabwitsa cha kuloŵerera. Magwero a Russian mayunitsi phraseological anawagawa m'magulu awiri: mbadwa ya ku Russia ndi yobwereka. Mawu m'chinenero cha Chirasha anaitenga ku Asilavo ndi zinenero sanali Asilavo. Ku England anabwera chidwi akuti "mkuntho mu teacup", "kudzakhala kapena ayi kuti", "Mfumukazi ndi mtola". Nayenso Zining'a Russian ambiri padziko lonse. Czechs ndi British adakali mantha aphorisms "disservice", "ngwazi za nthawi yathu" ndipo ena ambiri.

Primordially Zining'a Russian anawagawa m'magulu atatu lalikulu Common Chisilavo, East Asilavo ndi kudzikonda Russian. Kusiyanaku anafotokoza ndi gawo limene anagawanika.

1. Ndi wakale wamba Asilavo kapena Chisilavo zikuphatikizapo Zining'a a nkhani zokhudzana amajambulapo maluwa okongola m'Baibulo, monga "pa chifuwa Khristu" monga "otetezeka".
2. East Asilavo Zining'a kufalitsa Russian, Belarusians ndi Ukrainians ( "kuika nkhumba" - "kuchita zoipa", "ngakhale nyumba kapena kunyumba" - "kanthu bi").
3. mawu Sobstvennorusskie: "ndi mphuno gulkin" - "pang'ono", "Gwirani lilime lanu" - "chete".

zigawo Stylistic wa phraseology

Munthu amagwiritsa ntchito m'mawu ake osakaniza maziko a mawu ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsira, popanda kuganizira, ndipo ena a iwo aoneka chosayenera. Asayansi anagawa mayunitsi onse phraseological pa zigawo zitatu malingana ochekenera awo stylistic.

1. ma ndale, monga "Chaka Chatsopano", "view". Okuluwika ndi mfundo za ndondomeko amenewa kawirikawiri kumodzi kutanthauzira, monga munthu amawagwiritsira ntchito mawu ake nthawi zambiri zokwanira.
2. Book. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati kusindikiza komanso kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku - mumusonyeza za munthu erudition ( "Babelo", "Achilles chidendene"). Komabe, ntchito zosayenera bookish Zining'a mu Chingelezi kapena nthawi zambiri.
3. Analankhula. Ntchito nthawi zambiri "maverick", "buffoon" ndi Zining'a ena. Kalasi 6 - nthawi yabwino dziŵani wophunzira ndi mawu ofanana, kuti anayamba mwakhama ntchito.
4. Wamba Zining'a zivute zitani mawu a munthu wophunzira, makamaka malo ofunda. Kuti mufotokozere zotheka kukatenga mawu abwino. Choncho, mawu akuti "wodzala ndi chitsiru" akhoza m'malo phraseology "amabwera ngati giraffe a."

Mawu mu zinenero zina

anthu onse a m'dzikoli cholowa kwambiri chikhalidwe, amene akhoza zimachitika ndi mabuku. Nsomba akuti alipo osati chinenero cha Chirasha, komanso ena ambiri. Nthawi zambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu tisandulika, choncho simungathe nthawi kubvesa bwino okuluwika, koma tanthauzo lake akanali yemweyo. Kusiyana tingaone ndi chitsanzo cha Chingerezi.

• Mawu akuti "yosowa mbalame" ( "rara avis") amachokera ku Latin. Mu Russian anaonekera okuluwika "woyera khwangwala" ndipo kusinthika English ndi sanasinthe.
• "Kumenyedwa ngati nsomba ayezi" - kotero kunena za munthu amene ndawala zovuta ndiponso wopanda ntchito. Mu English, mawu zikumveka ngati "Chikoka mdierekezi kumchira."
• Okuluwika "kupanga phiri kunja krotovnitsy" ndi "kupanga njovu kuwuluka" ndi ofanana matanthauzo wathunthu, koma Woyamba umapezeka pa mitundu ya Europe.
• Mu English, mawu otchuka "monga kunawomba mphepo" zikumveka ngati "kutha mu mpweya woonda." Choncho kunena za munthu amene mwamsanga ndipo mwadzidzidzi, kodi sindingathe kulongosola.
• Mumadziwika akuti "awiri awiri ndi anai mu Chingerezi amalitchula mosiyana:" zikuonekeratu monga mphuno pa nkhope yanu. " Kodi izi chifukwa kudziwa ofooka a masamu?
• The English okuluwika "kuitana zokumbira zokumbira" zikumveka kwenikweni kwambiri, "amadzitcha zokumbira zokumbira." Kungakhale funso chidwi: "N'chifukwa chiyani munda chida, osati pudding kapena khofi"

• Ngati anthu Russian adzanena "kusunga pakamwa pako chitsekere," ndi England kupanga chatterbox "kulumikiza milomo yako." Kudziwa zoona, kutanthauza okuluwika kuti sadamvepo, chonde amatchula mawu.
• Ena nsomba mawu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dziko kwathunthu nawobe mawu chigawo chimodzi yomasulira. Choncho, Zining'a "ipyole moto ndi madzi," "wapakamwa m'mimba" "Moyo ukadalipo" ndi "kufunafuna singano mu haystack ndi" lipenga lomwelo mu English ndi Russian.

Mawu akalipentala, oyendetsa ndi ena

Mu Russian, gulu lalikulu kutenga Zining'a, kamodzi ntchito polojekiti zomwe. Chonde dziwani kuti ngati pali Zining'a mu bwalo yopapatiza ya anthu, amene ndiye kukhala okhudzidwa mtundu. Wotchuka ndi amalinyero kuti "m'mavuto" ndi "kupita ndi otaya" ndipo ndi ophiphiritsa tanthauzo - ". Kumvera zochitika" "anachoka ndi kanthu" ndipo Mawu akuti "palibe mfundo kapena Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta", "kukongoletsa mtedza" ndipo ena ntchito amisiri akatswiri dera, ndipo kenako aliyense. Ngati asodzi ntchito m'mawu ake, mawu akuti "kuti ndi nyambo" kapena "amaluma mbedza" m'lingaliro lenileni, ena amanena kotero mu zinthu zimene sizikugwirizana ndi nsomba. Choncho, magwero a phraseology angapezeke m'minda katswiri wa ntchito.

Anaphunzitsa ndi amakedzana

Masiku ano alitcha kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha Greece ndi Rome, monga zitsanzo tingachipeze powerenga za luso anaikidwa ndendende mu nthawi iyi. Ochokera nthano zakale ndi epics ntchito mabuku a zaka panopa. Magwero a phraseology inachokera ku Greece ndi Rome, ngati nkhani wakale nthawizonse chidwi anthu.

Lero, inu kawirikawiri kumva mawu okuluwika "kugwa m'manja a Morpheus", ndi kale ambuye mawu nthawi zambiri zinkakambidwa pofuna zolowa izi. Chiyambi cha mawu otchuka amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zochitika ziwiri. Ogonetsa wa morphine kuwapeza mitu poppy maluwa, ndi mulungu Morpheus ku Greece wakale amapatsa ndi maluwa poppy ndi sanatsegule maso ake.

Hymen mu dziko wakale - woyang'anira ukwati. Ponena za mgwirizano wa okonda awiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu, kukhala mbali ya ndilo mawu amene amaimira unyolo, Mitsemphayi kapena zinthu zina kulumikiza. Kufanana womangidwa amapatsirana - nawonekera okuluwika "nsinga za Hymen", kutanthauza chikondi chamuyaya ndi chikondi pakati pa anthu awiri.

Kalelo wamkazi wa kusagwirizana Eris waganiza kubwezera pa milungu, amene sanayitanidwepo ake kuphwando. Iye kuwinduka iye golide apulo mawu akuti "zodabwitsa Hera, Aphrodite ndi Athena". Atatu yaikazi akhala kukangana, amene moyenerera kuti azivala kuti udindo, koma Paris wapanga chisankho chake mokomera mulungu wa chikondi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anathandizanso Helen, chifukwa cha umene unayamba yaitali Trojan nkhondo. Kotero pali mawu okuluwika "apulo kusagwirizana".

Ancient Greek fabulist Aesop si aliyense wapatsidwa kumvetsa. Mu mawu, iye ankakondanso mafanizo phwando, chifukwa cha zimene ozungulira sanathe ndikuganiza chimene iye anali kuchita kulankhula. Masiku ano, mawu akuti "chinenero Aesop" amatanthauza luso zakukhosi kwawo nthano ndi mafanizo.

Udindo wa phraseology pa TV

Ntchito mabuku - kudzatunga chidwi owerenga ndi kukhala omvera lalikulu, chifukwa chimene kufunika nyuzipepala nthawizonse zidzakhala mkulu. atolankhani woyenera kawiri kawiri amayesetsa kukatenga kuwala zophiphiritsira chabe mutu, chifukwa cha zomwe kutenga okuluwika. Mu CIS, ulemu ndi kukumbukira olemba Russian wa Golden Age, kawirikawiri kusankha dzina nkhani yotchuka amagwira Griboyedov "Kodi oweruza?" ntchito zake, "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Nthawi zambiri, olemba ntchito Zining'a kapena yothandiza iwo ndi zigawo latsopano lexical. Mwachitsanzo, dzina laudindo lakuti "The ngongole sadzawotchedwa" ndi malumikizanidwe wa Mihailom Bulgakovym ndi otchuka dictum wake "Mipukutu sadzawotchedwa". Choncho, magwero a phraseology - ndi zopeka. Wotchuka nsomba akuti "chombo chachikulu kwambiri pamadzi" ndi "nkhuku pamaso aswa" atolankhani unasintha "rubles kwambiri kwambiri pamadzi" ndi "Tiyeni malamulo pamaso aswa". Akatswiri amanena kuti ntchito za phraseology pa TV nthawi zonse kukopa owerenga. Nkofunika kudziwa mtengo wa kanjedza lililonse stylistic, kuti asasokonezeke zinachitika.

Zolakwa ntchito phraseology

Munthu ophunzira akuyesera azikongoletsa mawu ake mapiko akuda, ntchito mawu akatswiri ndi mawu achilendo. Nthawi zambiri ntchito mawonekedwe ena sizolondola, akhoza kudwala tanthauzo la nkhani ndi kwathunthu kusintha. Pali missteps angapo amene amayambira ku kulankhula kwa anthu.

Ena zopanda kuchepetsa phraseologism zikuchokera chifukwa cha zigawo akusowa "wophunzira bwino kwambiri wolakalakika" m'malo mwa "wophunzira bwino si zabwino." Mawonekedwe woyamba kudya cholakwika. M'malo chimodzi angakhale pachiyambi, koma nthawi zina monga kumupanga iye kuseka.

antchito Media zambiri ntchito mawu okuluwika "kumene mtolankhani anapita patsogolo." Kuphatikiza khola mu nkhani iyi, mmalo mwa mawu "munthu" chasinthidwa.

M'malo zigawo zikuluzikulu ali pafupi phokoso - vuto lomwe zimene awerengazo munthu wophunzira amaima. Choncho mmalo mwa mawonekedwe olondola "kuti asataye mtima" angamvele "sanataye mtima" - anasankha mneni ndi tensi yakale ya infinitive m'malo.

Report m'malo a mitundu kalembedwe zina chifukwa chosangalalira, makamaka m'malo phraseologism "kukhala m'mimba munthu" anthu amamva "kukhala m'mimba munthu". Kusintha chimodzi mochulukitsa zosavomerezeka.

Nthawi zambiri cholakwa akupezeka kusanganikirana mau awiri. Okuluwika "kusintha" ndi "kumathandiza" akhoza kusokonezedwa ndi mzake, chifukwa ndi oseketsa 'abweze kusewera phindu ".

Kusamvetsa amayamikira aphorisms - ndikulakwitsa kwakukuru, chifukwa chifukwa ichi mukhoza kupeza umafuna kupusa, kotero ndikofunika kudziwa mmene pali Zining'a ndipo pamene iwo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Choncho, mawu akuti "ophunzirawo oseketsa anaimba tsekwe awo nyimbo" (a nyimbo zinkaimbidwa ndi mbalame akufa) zikumveka mopusa, ngati simuli wotsimikiza za ntchito phraseological, kusewera izo otetezeka.

kangati ife kugwiritsa ntchito mawu wovuta? Okuluwika kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku

Munthu amagwiritsa nsomba mawu kulankhula kwambiri kuposa zikuwoneka. Childs, izi zimachitika ndimosadziwa. Choncho, tsiku lina, ena amaloweza mawu dazeni angapo. Nthawi zambiri maphunziro monga phraseologisms (kalasi 6 ntsiku eneyo).

Timanena ndi "scapegoat" munthu amene ali ndi mlandu misdeeds ena ndi anakwiyira wina, kunena "Ine ndikusonyezani inu potsikira!" Akuyesera kuti akwaniritse mukufuna kuyesetsa onse ndife "ozizira ngati gologolo mu njinga," ndi waulesi, kuyamba "ntchito m'njira slipshod." Powona chete wodzichepetsa mayi wachikulire, ife timachitcha icho "dandelion Mulungu", munthu kuthaŵa mbali ina ya khalidwe - ". Wakuda nkhosa wa banja ndi"

anthu anaiwononga ndikufuna kutenga Zining'a mwadala kupereka mawu zokongoletsa ochekenera. Okamba, malingana pa mutu pa mawu ake, kuyamba ndi nsomba mawu, kotero kuti omvera ndi chidwi. Anyamata zambiri "nsembe muvi" kulongosolerana ubale, ndi pamaso kuti kusankha "kukhala m'mimba munthu" kukhala odzidalira. ana zosakhazikika "sakuyankhidwa" malangizo anzeru a makolo, monga "pansi" kwa zaka zambiri chisoni. Choncho, phraseology mbe mu moyo wa munthu aliyense.