Kumasulidwa kwa Belgrade ku Nazi, mu 1944

2014 anali wolemera chidzatha liti. Ndipotu zaka 70 zapitazo, anatenga anamasulidwa Belgrade, Bucharest, Sofia ndiponso mizinda ina yambiri ndi mitu ya Europe Asilikali Soviet. Makamaka kukumbukiridwa chikumbutso ichi abale Serbia, kumene lero kukumbukira ungwazi wa asilikali a Red Army. Popeza kumasulidwa kwa Belgrade chinachitika mu 1944, zomwe Soviet ndi atsogoleri Yugoslavia asilikali anachita mbali yofunika?

prehistory

Ntchito ya Yugoslavia ndi asilikali Nazi anayamba pambuyo bombardment lochita Belgrade April 6, 1941. Mwamsanga pambuyo mapangidwe ili la gulu zigawenga. Ndipo poyamba mapiko awiri analipo: lachifumu ndipo chikominisi. Zikuonekeratu kuti adani asankha kuthandiza kumbali ya ku ukapolo King Peter II. Komabe, ndi 1943 monarchists, kapena, ngati iwo ali kutchedwa, Chetniks, kunyozedwa kuyeretsa fuko la sanali Serb anthu Yugoslavia ndi Soviet ndi maboma British anayamba poyera kuthandiza mtsogoleri Communist Josip Broz Tito.

The vuto kutsogolo asanachite opareshoni Belgrade

Chifukwa malo ake Hrs, Serbia wakhala mfundo njira mu Balkans. Choncho, German lamulo m'masiku oyambirira a ntchito ya gawo ili la Yugoslavia anali kumeneko mphamvu ndithu. Komanso, bwino Red Army ku Romania ndi Bulgaria, ndipo anamasulidwa ku Danube Serbia kukhala kofunika kwambiri kwa Wehrmacht. mfundo ndi yakuti pa kumalire a kum'mawa kwa dziko la Germany anali kupita bungwe mzere chitetezo asilikali patsogolo Soviet, zimene mupewe asilikali ake ku Greece ndipo Macedonia n'kuwatumiza kuteteza malire a Germany. Motero, zinali zoonekeratu kuti kumasulidwa kwa Belgrade (1944) kudzakhala kovuta ndipo amafuna kukonzekera bwino.

Makamaka zambiri 28 July 1944 pa NLA la Yugoslavia anali ku Bosnia kwa Serbia, ndipo mu September anayamba chitsata mwini mphamvu Soviet. Uthenga wa njira ya Red Army anali analandira mwansangala anthu a likulu Yugoslavia, chomwe chinali chizindikiro kuti kumasulidwa kwa Belgrade ali pafupi. Komanso, m'dzinja oyambirira, lamulo German anaganiza kuti mupewe ku Balkans kwa Hungary Army Gulu "E", ndi kumasula Bulgaria kulengeza nkhondo pa Germany ndi anaponyedwa ku kutsogolo Chiyukireniya Ine Lamula III, II ndi IV wa Chibugariya Army.

Chiyambi cha ntchito

Mu nyengo kuchokera 15 mpaka 21 September 17 Air Army analamulidwa ndi lamulo Soviet kwa timilato bomba ndi zinthu zina zofunika, potero popewa kusiya a asilikali a ku Germany kuchokera ku zigawo kum'mwera kwa Yugoslavia ndi Greece. Ndiye, pa September 28 anayamba nagonjetsa pa Belgrade 57th Army, umene kuyambira pambali bwino kuphimba Danube Flotilla, anakakamizika kudzera minefields lapansi. asilikali Soviet mogwirizana ndi mbali NOAYU mu nthawi yochepa anaswa chitetezo cha adaniwo limodzi kumalire ndi Bulgaria ndipo anapanga ndime kovuta kudzera Chisebiya Carpathians, nthawi zonse kuchita nkhondo ndi Germany kwawo.

Belgrade ndi kumasulidwa: tsiku ndi magawo chachikulu cha ntchito

October 8, asilikali a Soviet anawoloka Morava mtsinje ndi kukhazikitsa bridgehead mu Palanka ndi Velika Plana. Kuchokera kumeneko pa October 12 unkatchedwa zolawula pa Belgrade kuchokera kum'mwera, yemwe anapezeka ndi mayunitsi Chibugariya asilikali ndi 2 NOAYU thupi. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba ulendo wa Danube imodzi mwa nyumba ya Front Chiyukireniya, lomwe linachititsa kuukira Yugoslavia, likulu la kumpoto, kum'mawa.

Ndi October 14, Belgrade ntchito zotsatirazi zochitika zinachitika:

• 12 NOAYU Corps anayamba kulamulira misewu ya ku likulu, yomwe ili kum'mwera kwa Sava Mtsinje;
• V alonda Makina Corps anabwera Belgrade nalumikizana nkhondo pa mzinda wake;
• 57th Army anayamba patsogolo pamodzi Danube, kuyesera kufika mofulumira Belgrade.

Komanso, pa October 16 Smederevo Danube flotilla anali ndegeyo. Ngakhale ndi thandizo la asilikali lalikulu wathunthu anamasulidwa Belgrade ku Nazi anatenga masiku asanu okha kuyambira chiyambi cha ntchito. chakuti German tawuni asilikali anali anthu oposa 20,000, anali nazo mfuti 170 ndi mortars ndi akasinja 40. Ndipo, kuweruza poona malangizo chinsinsi cha Wehrmacht Lamulo, magulu onsewa anali oti nsembe pofuna kusiya a masauzande a asilikali gulu "E".

mayunitsi asilikali anatenga gawo mu Belgrade opareshoni, ndipo CA ndi NOAYU imfa

Kumbali Soviet mu kuukira likulu Yugoslavia nawo IV alonda Makina Corps, 236th oyenda, 73th ndi 106th alonda Division, wina odana ndege zida zankhondo magawano, angapo matope, zida zankhondo ndi kudzikonda injini zida zankhondo regiments, zitatu odana ndege zida zankhondo Regiment. Komanso, sayenera kuchepetsa ntchito ya mbali Yugoslavia wapereka 8 magawano, popanda amene anamasulidwa Belgrade akanati anachedwa kwambiri. Pa ntchito ya Red Army anataya anavulazidwa, anapha ndi kusowa asilikali oposa 30 000 ndi alonda amene ali mwachindunji pa mzindawo, kupha pafupifupi 1,000 misewu. Choncho NOAYU wovulalayo pa akanthe anakwana 2953 odzipereka.

atsogoleri a asilikali, anathandiza kwambiri mu kumasulidwa likulu Yugoslavia

Anamasulidwa Belgrade (1944) zinachitika zikomo kwambiri za zochita mgwirizano pakati pa asilikali Soviet ndi Yugoslavia. Monga tanenera kale, udindo waukulu mu nkhani iyi anauzidwa kuti III Chiyukireniya Front molamulidwa ndi Tolbukhin, womwe 57th Army, umene panthawi imeneyo kutsogoleredwa ndi mkulu-General N. Hagen. Pakati pa Soviet atsogoleri a asilikali ayenera kukumbukira General Zhdanov amene adalamulira IV alonda Makina Corps ndipo analandira opaleshoni Belgrade mutu wa Hero wa Soviet Union ndi Hero of Yugoslavia. Pankhani analamula mayunitsi NOAYU anadzasokoneza Belgrade, anapatsidwa kwa Dapchevicha Peko, amene wakhala bwino ntchito ngakhale pa Chisipanishi Civil nkhondo.

Zikho "Pakuti Kumasuka wa Belgrade"

Kulimbikitsa anthu amene adadziwa mu nkhondo ya likulu la Yugoslavia, June 9, 1945 wapadera boma mphoto unakhazikitsidwa. Icho chinali Zikho "Pakuti Kumasuka wa Belgrade" omwe analandira za 70,000 anthu. mphoto Izi ndi bwalo wangwiro wa 3.2 cm awiri mkuwa, olumikizidwa mwa mphete tsamba ndi muyezo pentagonal chipika, amene ataphimbidwa ndi wakuda wobiriwira tepi Mzere pakati. The obverse la ndalama waikamo otukukira kunja akuti "yomasulira Belgrade", pamwamba umene uli nyenyezi zisanu zisonga. Komanso, akuonetsedwa circumferentially mlombwa. Koma n'zosiyana, panali tsiku yomenyera wa Belgrade ndi mawu akewa n'zandani kuonekera pa ting'onoting'ono nyenyezi zisanu zisonga. kamangidwe Mendulo analengedwa ndi wojambula A. I. Kuznetsovym, izo Kwalamulidwa kuvala kumanzere a chifuwa.

Zikondwerero imasonyeza chikumbutso 70 za kumasulidwa kwa Belgrade

Ngakhale perete chikhalidwe pa nthawi ya akamaliza ntchito German likulu Chisebiya unachitikira October 20, 2014 zikondwerero unachitikira masiku anayi kale. Malinga ndi Baibulo boma la izo chifukwa chakuti ndi October 16, 1944, asilikali a Soviet anamasula mzinda wa Belgrade. Komanso, atolankhani inanena kuti zimenezi zinachitika kuonetsetsa kuti mwambowo panafika ndi mutsogoleli Vladimir Putin.

Kumenya "wopambana Gawo" mu Belgrade

October 16, 2014 ku likulu la Chisebiya kwa nthawi yoyamba perete asilikali unachitikira pambuyo 1985. Motero, akuluakulu a dziko lino anaganiza kukondwerera tsiku la 70 la kumasulidwa kwa Belgrade. Pa mwambo panafika anthu 100 zikwi, nduna za boma zapamwamba wa Serbia ndi V. V. Putin. Komanso kudutsa ndi convoy la asilikali Serb ndi zida mu mlengalenga pa Belgrade anasonyeza luso lawo la ndege Russian wa gululo kuti "Swifts".

Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti akufuna kulilembanso mbiri ya atumwi wotsiriza mu Europe zinachitikira Serbia mulibe bwino, ndipo anthu a dziko lino akukumbukira chintchito asilikali Soviet amene anathamangitsidwa lopondereza mukhale chopondapo ndipo anamasula Belgrade.