Kukha akuti

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe kalembedwe ndi manenedwe ndi osiyana ndi mzake mawu onse. Ndipo pawo, motero, anawagawa m'magulu awiri lalikulu lomwe kalembedwe ndi zamalankhulidwe. Chakumapeto pali subgroups angapo. Zamalankhulidwe mlingo akuti, malingana ndi katundu zamalankhulidwe zimasenza, ndi izi:

1) akuti munthu. Koma iwo amatchedwa munthu-woonekeratu, kuyambira ndi mawu, iye, iwo, ndipo iwo amatchula munthu.

Ngati puronauni inu ntchito kwa cholinga cha ulemu kwa munthu, ndiye lidalembedwa generic mawonekedwe adjective lapansi.

2) puronauni okha kubwerera. Iwo ali mbali kalembedwe: Iwo alibe maonekedwe. choncho. Iwo ananena kuti chinthu kanthu ndi nkhani - mmodzi yemweyo. Mwachitsanzo: Choyamba ndikuyembekeza yekha.

3) akuti kulamula. Zikuphatikizapo: wanu, wathu, wako, mai, ndipo awo, iye, iye. Iwo anagwira chiweruzo ndi mawu ndi mtengo yeniyeni ndi mwachindunji akuitana chinthu, ndipo limasonyeza kuti amene nkhope (choyamba, chachiwiri kapena chachitatu) limabweretsa chinthu ichi.

4) akuti woonekeratu: lino, mtundu, monga, apo, apa, kuti, pa Seraya, apa, apo, ndiye apa. Zomwezi udindo cholowa ndipo udzakhala izi. Iwo amasonyeza lathu wa kulankhula nkhani za. Mwachitsanzo: Kodi moni, kotero ndi yankho.

5) akuti attributive: yekha, aliyense kupatulapo lonse, kwambiri lililonse. Iwo sakanikira mu manenedwe awo. Choncho, A. M. Peshkovsky akufuna kuti ndikuzigawa m'magulu atatu: secretory (kwambiri, wina kudzikonda, zina), akaphatikiza (lonse) ndipo obobschitelnye (uliwonse, uliwonse, aliyense).

6) Interrogative akuti: kodi, amene, kumene, mochuluka bwanji, liti, chifukwa amene, amene, komwe, bwanji. Iwo ali ndi funso chizindikiro, nthawi, nkhani, chifukwa, malo, ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe sakudziwika kwa munthu amene akulankhula.

7) kumaliseche akuti negative. Iwo anapanga ndi kuwonjezera interrogative zoipa mtima ni- ndi zosakhudzana. mawu awa akusonyeza pakalibe umboni uliwonse, nkhani, zochitika. Pafupifupi onse ziganizo zoipa pomanga ntchito mawu awa.

8) Lachikhalire mawu. wolankhulayo amagwiritsa mawu kutanthauza kuti zochitika, zinthu kapena mbali si bwino kuti iye kapena amene anapereka. iwo anapanga powonjezera affixes monga: -So, tsiku lina, koe, si -, - kapena (aliyense munthu wina, etc.).

9) kukha akuti wachibale. zikuchokera awo ndi ofanana ndi funso. Komabe, ntchito za awiriwa zosiyana Akamva amasiyana. ziganizo zovuta zimamangidwa ndi thandizo akuti wachibale. Pa dzanja limodzi, amakhalabe cholowa cha mbali ya kulankhula kupanga asapita anaforichnye, ndi pa zina - kale pafupi ndi mabungwe a.

10) zamalankhulidwe mlingo akuti zikuphatikizapo phraseological oti "mzake", monga anachokera ku puronauni china polumikiza mtundu yochepa. Iwo ali mtengo wa "matanthauzo".

Akuti ndi sakanikira mu mawonekedwe awo kalembedwe. Iwo akhoza zizindikiro ndi mbali zina za mawu. Kuchokera pa kufanana ichi, pali zotsatirazi mlingo akuti:

1) manauni, akuti. ntchito yawo ndi ankaimba ndi munthu ndi woonekeratu. pempholo iwo kutenga malo substantive.

2) akuti-adjectives. Iwo ndiwo amene amatha kutenga udindo wa tanthauzo anavomera.

3) akuti-manambala. Awa ndiwo mawu "mmene" ndi "ambiri" komanso zonse zichokera kwa iwo. Udindo wa manauni pamene iwo anakhala puronauni. Udindo wa mneni kulankhula chilankhulo chotero kutaya gulu mlanduwo.

4) akuti, adverbs - mawu onse zosasintha. Zimagwira pempholo udindo wa zochitika. Komanso ntchitoyi ndi mawu amene anachokera ku mawu, koma chitsanzo derivation wa adverbs: Ine ndikuganiza, mu maganizo athu, kodi inu mukuganiza inu mukuganiza.