Zopumira mu chingelezi: zizindikiro zopumira ndi malamulo

Zopumira mu chingelezi amaphunzira ku siteji m'banda wa chitukuko. The mfundo Pankhaniyi, ndithudi, ndi kutsimikizira kudziwa malamulo. zigawo zikuluzikulu monga kalembedwe ndiponso zizindikiro za Chingerezi ndi galamala ake ndi maziko pa maziko amene akhoza kale kukula ndi kukhala mawu. Phunzirani English zisakuyenda wakhala osati yapamwamba kokha, komanso tiyenera ndi ambiri, koma si onse Mokhumbira mu bizinesi. Nkhani athu adzakhala zoyenera malamulo a ntchito zizindikiro zopumira.

Mfundo ambiri zopumira

Kuyamba ndi ife adzamvetsa, kodi zopumira. Izi ya chikhalidwe, komanso malamulo ntchito zawo. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti akapereke mu kulemba Mawu olankhulidwa ndi ufulu kuti apereke monga grammatically ndi intonation. Ndi mu Mwachidule mukhoza kufotokoza zomwe zopumira mu Chingerezi.

EGE - State mayeso - amatipatsanso chidziwitso cha m'dera lino, ndipo ngati iwe uyenera kutenga yesero ili, onetsetsani kuti tikambirane nkhaniyo. Kotero, ife ndikuuzani inu za ntchito zazikulu zizindikiro zopumira, akuti:

• mfundo;
• mawu akuti;
• chilemba funso;
• semicolon;
• m'matumbo;
• semicolon;
• braces;
• mungagunde;
• hyphen;
• apostrophe;
• makoti.

mfundo

Zopumira mu chingelezi, ndithudi, simungakhoze kuchita popanda mfundo. chizindikiro ichi aikidwa kumapeto kwa aliyense chiganizo declarative. Koma osati nkhani iyi. Kumbukirani kuti ayenera kutha:

• polemba za decimal mfundo ndi wosiyana ndi inteja fractional (2.5);
• ntchito achidule (UK - United Kingdom);
• pamene kuchepetsa mawu (Feb. - "February");
• Pambuyo madandaulo, mtundu doc.- "Doctor", Ms. - "Abiti" Bambo - "Bambo";
• mayina a misewu, boulevards, njira ndi zina zotero. d.

Monga mukuonera, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ndi m'zigawozigawo kwambiri.

chizindikiro modabwa

Poyerekeza ndi chidziwitso cha chinenero, ife timvetsetsa kuti chizindikiro ndi mawu akuti ntchito pamene maganizo ena anasonyeza. Chinthu chomwecho akupezeka Baibulo English. Ndipo tisaiwale kuti akhoza kukhala polozhitelnymie ndi zoipa. Kodi ndi bwino kufotokoza chizindikiro ichi? Zimenezi zingakhale:

1. Ndinadabwa modabwa.
2. An modabwa kukwiya.
3. Chathu n'kupemphetsa.
4. Kuzizwa.
5. Sad mawu.
6. Mokwiya mawu.
7. Malawi.
8. malamulo okhwima.

Kumene, anapatsidwa mwayi onse, koma mpata kumvetsa zimene kukambirana ayenera kupezeka mtima. Kwenikweni onse chimodzimodzi ndi ntchito chizindikiro ichi mu chinenero cha Chirasha, koma pali ena mokoma. Mwachitsanzo, simungathe ntchito chizindikiro pambuyo kuitana kwa munthu mu kalata. English Udindo wa chizindikiro zimatengera pa koma (wokondedwa John,). Kukhala odziletsa mawu a maganizo ndi malingaliro.

chizindikiro cha funso

Malamulo a zopumira mu chingelezi simungakhoze kuchita popanda chizindikiro cha funso. Ndipotu mmene aliyense kusonyeza chizindikiro funso limeneli? Kulowerera mu galamala, kumbukirani kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafunso:

• ambiri ( "Inu mukudwala?" - "Kodi inu mukudwala?");
• wapadera ( "Ndani ali pa ntchito lero?" - "Ndani ali pa ntchito lero?");
• zina ( "Kodi inu dokotala kapena dalaivala?" - "Kodi inu dokotala kapena woyendetsa?");
• kulekana ( "Iye amakhala mu nyumba ino, sichoncho?" - "Iye amakhala mu nyumba ino, sichoncho?").

Koma kaya mtundu, kumapeto kwa aliyense wa iwo ayenera kuperekedwa chizindikiro, mwinamwake iwo sadzakhala kanthu. Mwa njira, ngati nkhani anasamutsa mawu mozungulira, chilemba funso wake suzima.

tizindikirenso wophatikizidwa ndi koma ndi

kuphatikiza ntchito kukachitika kuti m'pofunika kuti yopuma watanthauzo ku malo a chilango limodzi. Nthawi zina, kudula chiweruzo ndi ntchito mfundo n'zosathekadi, monga oona imfa tanthauzo. Iwo adzakhala olondola mu nkhani iyi kulemba munthu zovuta chiweruzo, koma ankasiyana yaing'ono gawo losavuta ndi semicolon a.

koma

Chimenechi ndi chizindikiro china, popanda imene simungakhoze kuchita popanda zizindikiro zopuma Chingerezi. The koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuposa anthu ena, kupatula mfundoyo. Mosiyana ndi chinenero cha Chirasha, amene ali kovuta kupeza n'kotheka ndi zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito koma, kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro mu English ndi womasuka kwambiri.

Ngakhale kuti bwino kuika izo, nawonso, muyenera kudziwa malamulo. Komanso muyenera kudziwa kuti mwa kuika chizindikiro chapadera, mungathe kusintha tanthauzo lenileni la chiweruzo lonse. Chabwino, ngati chitsanzo wotchuka wa onse, "kuphedwa sangakhoze anamukhululukira." Taganizirani milandu imene chizindikiro aikidwa:

• ziganizo pawiri pamaso mabungwe a ziwalo;
• pambuyo adverbs kuti kulumikiza mwa tanthauzo la mawuwo;
• pa mbali ya kutsegula mawu kapena chiganizo;
• mu kulemba adiresi m'kalata;
• chifukwa kusakonda interjection;
• pamene ntchito mawu womwewo kapena ofanana;
• pambuyo pempho ndi kalata.

m'matumbo

Kupatula kwa mfundo ndi koma zopumira mu chingelezi zikuphatikizapo ntchito ya m'matumbo. Kwenikweni, khalidwe ntchito pamaso gawo lachiwiri la chiganizo zovuta, ngati anafotokoza mbali yoyamba, komanso pamaso kulanda, pambuyo generalizing mawu (Tinagula zonse: makope, zolembera, mapensulo), pamene kutumikiridwa mu mndandanda zolemba lemba kapena malongosoledwe. Agwiritsidwa chilemba ndi Zikatero:

• polemba nthawi, pakati pa nambala zimasonyeza limodzi ndi mphindi manambala (21:00);
• ndi sanjira ubale wa gawo wina ndi mzake (1: 2);
• pamaso kulankhula mwachindunji;
• pambuyo mawu monga "tcheru" - "tcheru", "chenjezo" - "kusamala", "chenjezo";
• zitsanzo wokamba pambuyo pa mawu, ndi zina zotero. d.

m'mabokosi

Monga zopumira mu chingelezi lidalembedwa parentheses, onse ozungulira ndi lalikulu. Kodi iwo kuti? Choyamba, kulongosola nkhani iliyonse. Koma osati. Koma kungakhale kofunika kulemba ntchito yomasulira mawuwo, chifukwa kulanda mfundo iliyonse kapena maina, ndi zina zotero. D.

Dashes ndi hyphens

Anthu ena kusokoneza zilembo ziwirizi, koma iwo mwapadera. Turo ntchito zopumira:

• kusonyeza kufunika malangizo zambiri;
• kulenga chete pamaso mawu yofunika;
• kuchotsa mfundo;
• mfundo maganizo ochekenera.

Ngati ife kulankhula za hyphen, izo ntchito mapangidwe mawu pawiri, hyphenation, mawerengero kulemba ndi madeti.

apostrophe

chilemba ichi si ntchito chinenero cha Chirasha, choncho, angayambitse mavuto ena. Kumbukirani, pamene zofunika apostrophe:

• Ngati mukufuna kusonyeza chinachake za thupi wina ( "mpango mayi anga" - "mpango mayi anga");
• Pamene mawu kapena chiganizo si mtundu wa kalata (pali);
• chifukwa mochulukitsa (mu 1960).

Koma musaiwale kuti zikalata zofunikira musalole mabala iliyonse.

makoti

Pamene tikukamba za chizindikiro ichi, chinthu choyamba chimene chimabwera m'maganizo - ili ndi funso mwachindunji mu Chingerezi. Zopumira mu nkhani iyi ikukhudza ntchito zosonyeza ogwidwawo kuunikila mawu a wolankhulayo (The bambo anati: "Ndipatseni madzi"). Pamene inu kusamutsa kulankhula mwachindunji kuti tikupanga, chizindikiro kusiyiratu.

Koma si kumene mudapholiwa ogwidwawo ntchito. Iwo ayenera kusonyeza chiwerengero cha mchere mu akulankhula mawu upotrblenii osati tanthauzo lake, kusonyeza ogwidwa, kuunikila maina a mfundo zolemba, ndi zina zotero. D. Mungathe kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro mu chinenero cha Chirasha, kuyambira ntchito kufanana ndi.

Kumapeto Ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti kuphunzira chinenero yachilendo, kuphatikizapo English, ayenera kukumbukira kuti osati kuphunzira mawu atsopano. Kuti kuchigwiritsa inu, molondola mu kulemba komanso kulankhulana ndi m'kamwa, muyenera kuphunzira zinthu zake zonse. Kodi molondola kutchula mawu, kuwaika iwo, kumene chete chofunika - onse likuthandizani kukhazikitsa kulankhulana ndi anthu amene chinenero mukuphunzira.