Laboratory kusanthula: mitundu, khalidwe cholinga. Medical zasayansi

Pafupifupi onse zipangizo zosamalirira Laboratories wapadera komwe Mukhoza kuyesedwa. Zimathandiza kuti agwire yakuthandizani, chimene chiri chofunika kudziwa matenda ndi kuika matenda zolondola mu mtima wa bungwe lino. Medical zasayansi cholinga kuchita njira zosiyanasiyana kafukufuku. Tiyeni tione mtundu wa mayesero angathe kuthandiza kupeza matenda.

Kodi zasayansi zachipatala angathe udzakhazikitsidwe?

Mu zipatala ndi zipatala chofunika imeneyi choyezera, ndi iwo anapanga kafukufuku:

1. Wonse matenda kusanthula.
2. Hematology.
3. Amuzolengedwa kusanthula.
4. Immunoassay.
5. Cytologic kusanthula.
6. Serological kusanthula.
7. Microbiological kusanthula.

Tiyenera kuunikila labu ndipo zokambiranazo akazi, zipatala wapadera, ndipo ngakhale spas. Laboratories amatchedwa mbiri, popeza ntchito kokha specialization awo. Malo aakulu ndi centralized Laboratories. M'madera ena, izo zinaikidwa zida chipangizo, kotero matenda onse imagwiridwa ndi machitidwe zikugwira ntchito basi.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya Laboratories kuchipatala losiyanasiyana?

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayesero choyezera, ndi kwa ichi kudzadalira mitundu ndi Laboratories okha:

• Bacteriological, ambiri chinkhoswe mu kuphunzira kwa chitetezo chokwanira ndipo diagnostics kwachilengedwenso.
• Virology Laboratory oterewa matenda amene amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi, chimabala kukonzekera HIV, pano ndi katemera, ndi seramu m'thupi.
• Parasitological zasayansi amachita mayesero matenda kudziwa infestations, ntchito njira helminthological kuchita izi.
• Cytological zasayansi Kupenda amachita zinthu zapadera, amene analandira ndi biopsy a. Nthawi zambiri Laboratories izi zili mu zipatala ndi Oncology.

• A malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi azamalamulo zasayansi matenda. Pa nthawi imeneyi ofufuza kutsindikiza mumakumbukira nthawi za umboni kwachilengedwenso. Mu Laboratories awa ntchito osiyanasiyana miyeso.
• Pathologic Laboratory anachita kukhazikitsa chifukwa cha imfa ya mtima, kuphunzira opangidwa ndi zinthu puncture, komanso mwa chiyembekezo biopsy.
• Public Health Laboratory ndi kugawikana kwa siteshoni ukhondo-AIDS, monga ulamuliro, Laboratories amenewa kuwona chilengedwe.

Kodi ndikufunika maphunziro zasayansi odwala?

Laboratory kusanthula, zolinga zimene ikukhudzana chakuti kunali kotheka kuyika matenda bwino wodwala zinthu ano, akufunika. maofesi Modern angachichite osiyanasiyana yaikulu nkhani zosiyanasiyana akutsutsana amakhudza mlingo wa mankhwala ndi chithandizo cha odwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuti mayeso izi zingakhale zothandiza zinthu zilizonse zamoyo zomwe ndi munthu Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri kuphunzira mkodzo ndi magazi, ndipo nthaŵi zina sputum kuipitsa mbiri akutengedwa ndi kuchipala.

ndi zotsatira za mayeso zasayansi ndiponso udindo wawo mankhwala chiyani?

Laboratory kuyezetsa kungathandize kwambiri mankhwala. Choyamba zotsatira zonse mawunikidwe m'pofunika kuti kulongosola matenda ndi kuyamba mwamsanga mankhwala zolondola. Komanso kafukufuku kumathandiza kudziwa mankhwala njira pyadidi kwa wodwala aliyense payekha. Nthawi zambiri, kudwala kwambiri ukulephera kuwazindikira mu magawo oyambirira chifukwa zinthu zoterozo. Ngati matenda zinachitikadi molondola, adokotala akhoza kupanga ziyenera a boma la wodwalayo pafupifupi 80%. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti akhoza kukuuzani zambiri za moyo wa munthu, ndi magazi. Ndi kusanthula izi matenda angazindikire pafupifupi onse matenda. kuthandiza kuphunzira za chikhalidwe ndi zikusiyana ndi mfundo, kotero nthaŵi zina kusanthula zasayansi akhoza kuchitika nthawi zambiri.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya mayesero zasayansi kulibe?

Chipatala zasayansi mukhoza kuchita nkhani zoterozo:

• Ngati matenda zasayansi immunology ntchito njira, kwenikweni kuphunzira zochokera mogwirizana kwa antigens. Njirazi zimathandiza oterewa pamaso pa majeremusi m'thupi la munthu kusiyanitsa matenda opatsirana, awulule matenda m'thupi, komanso kudziwa propensity kwa chifuwa ndi matenda. C angathe kukhazikitsa magazi gulu zofufuza izi.
• A magazi angakhale osiyana ngakhale kutchedwa hematological maphunziro. Analysis ikuchitika kuti athe kuzindikira matenda ambiri amene selo Kapangidwe zimasiyanasiyana. kafukufuku amenewa akhoza kudziwa mavuto aakulu, monga khansa, myeloma, yotupa njira ziwalo mkati.
• N'kofunika amati zamoyo. phunziro ili zasayansi zachokera polymerase unyolo anachita, imene DNA ya selo kuphunzira. Ndi matenda izi n'zotheka kudziwa chiwindi ndi HIV.
• Cytologic - limakupatsani mosamala maselo munthu, amene ankaona yekha pansi simungathe kutiona. Patatha izi, ndi zotsatira zilipo, chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti zomwe zingasonyeze kukhalapo kwa maselo a khansa mu thupi, matenda matenda autoimmune, komanso anatsimikiza ndi njira yotupa matenda amene angathe kuyamba wodwalayo.
• maganizo akhoza kutchulidwa matenda parasitology kusanthula. Ntchito yapadera zasayansi mayeso simungathe kuzindikira kukhalapo nthata ndi mphutsi. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri ntchito njira Wokondedwa, komanso kuipitsa mbiri ya mbadwa.
• maphunziro Toxicological akutsatiridwa kuti athe kudziwa kumene kuli matupi zakunja thupi ndi zinthu, monga poizoni ndi ziphe.
• kusanthula amuzolengedwa anachita kawirikawiri kuposa ena tatchulazi. Mothandizidwa ndi maphunziro awa anatsimikiza mlingo wa mapuloteni mu mfundo seramu shuga mu mkodzo ndi magazi.

Pakuti kuyesa kwa magazi?

Woyamba zasayansi kusanthula amene anatumizidwa wodwalayo kuchipatala - atayezetsa. mfundo ndi yakuti ngakhale kusintha pang'ono mu thupi tingafunike zimaonekera zikuchokera mwazi wake. The madzi, yomwe ife timaitcha magazi umayenda thupi lonse ndipo ali ndi zambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe chake. Ndendende chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwake ndi ziwalo zonse anthu, magazi kumathandiza dokotala kuti maganizo cholinga za ukupeza.

Mitundu ya mayesero magazi ndi cholinga awo

Medical zasayansi angachichite angapo mitundu ya MAGAZI, makamaka njira zawo ndi zosiyanasiyana kudzadalira cholinga chimene kafukufuku, choncho mitundu yonse ya magazi ndi zothandiza mwatsatanetsatane:

• Ambiri ndi wamba matenda zophunzirira, zomwenso kunachitidwa kuti asankhe matenda makamaka.
• Amuzolengedwa magazi kusanthula limachititsa kupeza chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha ntchito ziwalo, komanso nthawi kudziwa kupanda kufufuza mfundo zofunika.
• magazi amatengedwa kuti athe kufufuza mahomoni. Ngati secretions England zimachitika kusintha ambiri aang'ono, zingatipangitse pathologies zina kwambiri. Chipatala zasayansi amachititsa kusanthula pa mahomoni, kuti amalola kusintha ntchito ya ntchito ubereki anthu.
• Ndi Revmoproby anagwira lonse osiyanasiyana MAGAZI zasayansi osonyeza udindo wa chitetezo cha wodwalayo. Kawirikawiri mtundu uwu matenda wapemphedwa kuti anthu amene amadandaula kuwawa mu malo mtima.
• MAGAZI Serological kuona ngati thupi kupirira njira imodzi kapena kachilombo wina, ndi kusanthula anasonyeza pamaso pa matenda aliwonse.

Chifukwa imachitika mayesero zasayansi ya mkodzo?

Laboratory kusanthula mkodzo zachokera kuphunzira thupi katundu monga wambiri, mtundu, kachulukidwe, ndipo anachita. Kugwiritsa kusanthula mankhwala anatsimikiza mapuloteni, pamaso pa shuga, matupi ketone, bilirubin, urobilinoidy. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kuphunzira chitayiko chifukwa ndi kumene mungapeze zidutswa za epithelium ndi magazi zosafunika.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya kusanthula mkodzo

Matenda chachikulu urinalysis, maphunziro awa kupereka mwayi kuphunzira thupi katundu ndi mankhwala mankhwala ndi tsiku kudzatunga mfundo mwatchutchutchu, koma ena kuposa kuti pali matenda ndi ambiri mayesero ena:

• Urinalysis kwa nechyporenko ndi phunziro mwatsatanetsatane maselo pansi maso, akugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula izi, pamaso pa leukocytes kuchita masamu, chimenenso chimafotokoza sayenera upambana 2,000 ndi erythrocytes - 1000.
• Laboratory kusanthula mkodzo Zimnitskiy limakupatsani kufufuza masamba kwambiri kuti ayenera kuchepetsa mkodzo kuti woipa yachibadwa.
• Pakuti kusanthula mkodzo kwa shuga kudziwa matenda endocrine monga matenda a shuga.
• Kulola kusanthula diastase kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magazi ali mkodzo.
• Bacteriological mkodzo chikhalidwe amataya kudziwa tilinazo ndi kukana tizilombo timene timayambitsa matenda mankhwala.

Kodi zasayansi kusanthula cytology?

Pofuna kudziwa ngati maselo a khansa mu akazi mu thupi, kuti akuchita mayesero zasayansi pa cytology. Mu nkhani iyi, gynecologist, wodwala akhoza kutenga kuchipala kwa khomo pachibelekeropo. Kuchita kudzipenda moteromo, m'pofunika kukonzekera gynecologist uyu adzakhala ndikulangizeni zimene zichitike kuonetsetsa bwino zotsatira zabodza. Nthawi zambiri phunziro ili matenda analimbikitsa akazi zaka zoposa 18 kawiri pa chaka kuteteza mapangidwe zotupa.

Kodi Kupenda swab ku mmero?

Ngati munthu zambiri amadwala matenda a thirakiti chapamwamba kupuma, adokotala akhoza am'sankhe adzipereke mayeso matenda otchedwa pakhosi swab, ndi kuti athe kuzindikira zomera nthenda. Mothandizidwa ngati kuphunzira mungapeze chiwerengero chenicheni cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwamsanga mankhwala antibacterial.

Kodi kuphunzira kulamulira khalidwe kusanthula?

Laboratory mayesero magazi, mkodzo ayenera kukhala zolondola, chifukwa, kuyambira izi, dotolo adzatha adzaika matenda zina kapena chithandizo. Anati za kusanthula zotsatira zimatheka pambuyo chingafanane zitsanzo mayeso ndi zotsatira za miyezo ya. Pa phunziro matenda ntchito zinthu zina: magazi seramu, muyezo amadzimadzi njira, osiyana zinthu zamoyo. zipangizo zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito magwero kupanga, mwachitsanzo, tizilombo bowa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono mwapadera wamkulu chikhalidwe.

Kodi zotsatira?

Kupereka wathunthu ndi zolondola ziyenera a zotsatira matenda mayeso, njira imeneyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamene mayesero zasayansi analembedwa khadi wapadera ndi kuiika pa chizindikiro tsiku. Anamanga khadi nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, mwa masabata awiri kuphunzira ulamuliro chuma, zonse za kusintha komwe kumachitika analembedwa mapu.

Zikavuta, dokotala chofunika kusunga zasayansi kulamulira m'chigawo cha mtima wake, mwachitsanzo, m'pofunika ngati wodwalayo akukonzekera opaleshoni yaikulu. Kuti dokotala sanalakwe zotsatira, izo ayenera kuonetsetsa kudziwa malire pakati normality ndi kudwala kusanthula m'dera lake. Tizilombo zizindikiro zingasiyane pang'ono, koma pali anthu amene sali ofunika kwambiri kuganizira. Nthawi zina, ngati magawo tisandulika ndi mayunitsi 0.5 okha, ndi yokwanira kuti thupi la munthu, panali akuluakulu inasinthiratu.

Monga mukuonera, zasayansi diagnostics limafotokoza mbali yofunika kwambiri mu moyo aliyense, komanso kakulidwe ka mankhwala, chifukwa ndi thandizo la analandira zotsatira matenda odwala ambiri sangathe kudzipulumutsa moyo.