Chidziwitso chotsimikizika - ndi chiyani? Ndi mamembala ati omwe ali ndi ndondomekoyi? Zitsanzo za ziganizo, ziganizo ndi ziganizo zomveka bwino

Kodi chiganizo chotsimikizika ndi chiyani? Yankho la funso ili mudzaphunzira kuchokera ku zipangizo za m'nkhaniyi. Kuwonjezera apo, chidwi chanu chidzaperekedwa ku zitsanzo zingapo za ziganizo ndi miyambi, kumene gawo ili lakulankhulidwa likugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zambiri zokhudza zilembo

Tisanalankhule za ziganizo zenizeni zomwe zilipo m'Chisipanishi, kutanthauzira kwathunthu kwa gawo ili lakulankhulidwa kuyenera kuperekedwa.

Choncho, chilankhulochi chimatchedwa mbali yodziimira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa dzina la chiganizo, chiwerengero, dzina, ndi malonje. Izi ziyenera kuzindikiranso kuti chilankhulochi chikhoza kufotokoza, chiwerengero cha amuna ndi akazi.

Ndi magulu otani a zilankhulo ?

Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti mawu otanthauzira ndi amodzi mwa gawoli la chilankhulochi. Kawirikawiri, pali zotsatirazi:

• Munthu. Mauthenga oterewa amatanthauza munthu wina. Potero, munthu woyamba ndi wachiwiri amadziwitsa otsogolera mkulankhula (iwe, ife, ndi ine). Mauthenga aumunthu a munthu wachitatu amasonyeza omvetsera omwe samatenga mbali iliyonse mukulankhula (iye, iye, iwo ndi iwo).
• Kutengeka. Mauthenga oterewa amasonyeza chinthu (katundu, zinthu) zomwe zili za winawake kapena chinachake (changa, chanu, chanu, chanu, chathu, icho ndi iwo).
• Kubwezeretsedwa. Gawoli limapereka kufunika kwa chitsogozo chachithunzi ku phunziro lililonse (mwachitsanzo, ndikudziwona ndekha kuchokera kumbali ).
• Chibale. Gawoli likugwiritsidwa ntchito monga gawo logwirizanitsa ndime yoyimilira kwa wamkulu (yemwe, yemwe, chiyani, chiyani, chiani, bwanji, chiani).
• Kufunsa mafunso. Chilankhulo cha mtundu umenewu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagulu ofunsana mafunso. Gululi limaphatikizapo mawu osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, angati, ndani, chiyani, chiyani, chiti, chiti, chiti, chiti, ndani).
• Osatsimikizika. Ntchito ya gulu ili ndiwonetseratu kuti ndi yosasinthika. Gulu lotero limapangidwa kuchokera ku maitanidwe a mafunso powonjezera ziganiziro zomwe-, osati- kapena zina-, komanso zolembapo-mwina, kapena chinachake.
• Zoipa. Kwa gulu loterolo, kunyalanyaza kwathunthu kwa chinachake kapena wina ndi khalidwe (palibe, palibe, palibe, palibe, palibe, palibe, etc.).
• Zonse. Chilankhulo choterechi chimasonyeza maganizo okhudza anthu awiri kapena anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo: "Adziwana kwa nthawi yaitali."
• Chilankhulo chotsimikizika ndi chowonetsera.

Tiyeni tikambirane majambuzi otsiriza mwatsatanetsatane ndi kupereka zitsanzo za momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mu Chirasha.

Chizindikiro chowonetsera

Mauthenga oterewa nthawi zina amatchedwa ziwonetsero. Iwo amasonyeza mtundu wa chinthu ichi kapena munthu ameneyo ali nacho malingaliro, komanso malo omwe ali pafupi ndi mwiniwake kapena wothandizira (izi, zakuti, zotero, izi, izi, izi).

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti zilembo zowonetsera zimatha kufotokoza zambiri zokhudza chinthucho (mwachitsanzo, kugonana kwake, zojambula, ndi zina zotero).

Nthawi zina, gulu lotero silinapatulidwe padera. Izi ndizo chifukwa chakuti matanthawuzo ofananawo sakuwonekera mwa mawonekedwe a mawu odziimira, koma mothandizidwa ndi ndondomeko ya particles, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa pa dzina.

Zitsanzo za matambula achiwonetsero

Akatswiri ena amatchula zizindikiro zowonetsera ndi zina zotere Mawu onga "onse" ndi "onse". Komabe, izi ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati "zogwiritsidwa ntchito" ndi "zina".

Tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo:

• Ophunzira onsewo adapambana bwino. (Ophunzira awiri apambana gawoli.)
• Anyamata onsewa analandira mphatso zabwino. (Onse pamodzi ndi mnyamata wina analandira mphatso zabwino.)

Zitsanzo zina za zilankhulo zosonyeza:

• Mwamuna uyu anali wamwano kwambiri kwa ine.
• Iye amene samachita kanthu, samachita zolakwitsa konse.
• Ine ndiri chomwe ine ndiri, ndipo ine sindidzakhala wina.
• Iye ndi wochenjera kwambiri komanso wokongola.
• Tengani mtedza wambiri momwe mukufunira.

Malinga ndi zilankhulo zosonyeza kusagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mabuku a mbiri yakale, achipembedzo ndi achikale:

• Ine ndinali ndisanayambe ndamuwonapo mwambo woterewu poyamba.
• Ndizolaula (irony).
• Mpaka lero, panalibe mawu okhudza iye.
• Pa tsiku limenelo, pamene ndinkafuna kuchoka panyumbamo.

Chilankhulo chotsimikizika

Chigamulo cha ziganizo zimenezi chikulozera chinthu chimodzi mu mzere wa enawo. Zonse, zokha, chirichonse, chochuluka, chirichonse, chirichonse, china, china, china-zonsezi ndizozitanthauzira zomveka.

Zitsanzo: aliyense akhoza kuyenda mofulumira; Aliyense akhoza kuthamanga; Onse ali odetsedwa ndi zina zotero.

Kodi mauthenga ofunika ndi ati?

Ife tinanena za chomwe chiganizo chotsimikizika chiri. Koma kodi malangizo awo ndi ati? Tiyankha funsoli mwatsatanetsatane.

• Mu Chirasha, chilankhulo "chokha" ndi chofunikira poyitana munthu wina amene amachita (mwachitsanzo, ndimatha kudzimenya ndekha ).
• Chilankhulo chotere monga "zonse" chimasonyeza kwathunthu kwa anthu kapena zinthu, komanso momwe zimakhalira zonse (mwachitsanzo, tsiku lonse lapita ngati ine loto ).
• Chilankhulo cha "aliyense" chikutanthauza munthu mmodzi kapena chinthu chomwe chiri mu mndandanda wofanana kapena wofanana (mwachitsanzo, munthu aliyense ali ndi mtengo ).
• Mau atatu otsatirawa - "aliyense", "aliyense" ndi "ambiri" - amasonyeza kusankhidwa kwa munthu kapena chinthu chinachake kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu (mwachitsanzo, anali munthu yemweyo, aliyense amene aphwanya lamulo adzalangidwa, ntchito iliyonse ndi yolemekezeka ).

Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti sizinthu zophweka. Ndipotu, ziganizo zotsatila zimakhala zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, liwu lakuti "lirilonse" limagwiritsidwanso ntchito tanthauzo la "imodzi mwa kusankha" kapena "chirichonse". "Ambiri" nthawi zina amasonyeza chizindikiro chachikulu cha chinthu kapena malire ake (mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa chaka ). Kuwonjezera apo, nthawi zina mawuwa amatchulidwa kuti apange dzina lachidziwitso ku digiri yabwino kwambiri kapena kuti asonyeze zapamwamba kwambiri za makhalidwe ena (mwachitsanzo, chimwemwe chachikulu chimabwera pamene munthu sakuyembekezera ).

Ponena za matchulidwe akuti "ena" ndi "ena", amawoneka ngati zotsutsana ndi mawu akuti "ichi" ndi "icho".

Zitanthauzira zenizeni: kodi zimayendera ndi vuto, chiwerengero ndi chiwerengero kapena ayi?

Makhalidwe apamtima oterewa akuphatikizapo kuthekera kwawo kusintha mu mitundu itatu, yomwe ndi kubadwa, vuto ndi nambala.

Tiyeni tipereke zitsanzo:

• Mmodzi ndi wambiri: mwiniwake - zonse, zonse - zonse;
• Genus: palokha - palokha (lokha), zonse-zonse (zonse), zinazo-zinazo (zina);
• Milandu: ina - inayo (mosiyana), yonse-yonse (zonse), ina-inayo (inayo), ndi zina zotero.

Komabe, pali kusiyana kwa lamulo ili. Mwachitsanzo, mawu osasinthika monga "aliyense" samasintha ndi vuto. Ikhoza kukhala yokonda chabe ndi chiwerengero ndi chiwerewere.

Omwe akufuna

Ndi mamembala ati a chiganizo omwe ali mauthenga ofunika? Mukulankhula kapena kulemba, gawo ili lakulankhula limakhala ngati tanthauzo lovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo: "Kwa zaka zambiri, zaka zambiri zapita, ndipo tsiku lililonse timabweretsa chimwemwe." Ndiponso, ndi maina, zizindikiro zingakhale chiwalo chimodzi cha chiganizo. Mwachitsanzo: "Ora lirilonse anandiitana ngati choncho" ndi "Bwana mwiniwake anandiitana ndikupatseni dongosolo."

Ngati chidziwitso chodziwika chikadutsa mumatanthawuzidwe a dzina, ndiye kuti chikuwoneka mu chiganizo ngati nkhaniyo. Mwachitsanzo: "Zonse zatha, ndinkangokhala pakhomo pokha."

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti gawo ili lakulankhula nthawi zambiri limakhala ngati tinthu kapena adverb. Mwachitsanzo: "Komabe adagwirizana kuti adzakwatirane naye" komanso "Ali ndi nkhawa zake zonse."

Kodi matchulidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kuti?

Gawoli lachiyankhulo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mawu osiyana kwambiri. Mwa njira, miyambi ndi zizindikiro zimatchuka kwambiri mu Russian. Tiyeni tipereke zitsanzo zina.

Amatchula "aliyense", "aliyense" ndi "wochuluka", akulozera nkhani imodzi kuchokera kumzake:

• Umphawi wadzaoneni ndi kusowa nzeru. Mmawa woyipa ndi Lolemba mmawa. Mabwenzi abwino kwambiri ndi makolo.
• Ntchito iliyonse ndi yabwino. Aliyense amafufuza, koma sikuti aliyense amakhala. Sitima yoyipa - mphepo iliyonse kumbuyo.
• Aliyense amapeza zomwe akufunira. Cricket iliyonse imadziwika bwino. Aliyense akuwona, koma osati dokotala aliyense.

Chilankhulo "aliyense", kusonyeza chinthu china kuchokera kwa ena:

• Aliyense kulik akutamanda phokoso lake basi.
• Osati aliyense, monga ine, adzamvetsetsa.
• Aliyense akufunafuna choonadi, koma si aliyense amene angalenge.
• Aliyense amadzikweza mwa njira yake.
• Mtengo uliwonse umakula bwino.

Chilankhulo chakuti "zonse" ("chirichonse", "chirichonse"), chomwe chimamasulira chinthu kukhala chosagwirizana:

• Chirichonse ndi chimodzi: kuti rump ndi mkate.
• Zonse mu nthawi yabwino.
• Zonse pansi pa Mulungu timapita.