Kodi mitundu ya kulankhula? Mitundu ya kulankhula ndi makhalidwe awo

Kuchokera pa chiyambi anthu ndi osiyana ndi nyama. Ngakhale kuti agalu, anamgumiwa, anyani ndi nthumwi za nyama zakuthengo awo tilankhule wina ndi mnzake, anthu okha amatha makalata kumanga mawu, ndi kwa iwo kupanga ziganizo. Komabe, kulankhula - osati njira yokhayo ya kulankhulana ife ntchito. Kupatula pa mwachizolowezi amatiitana, zolankhula zathu zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu osiyana. ndi mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a mawu ndi chiyani?

Ndipotu, chimene ife tiri? Otanthauzira kufotokoza kuti mfundo imeneyi, yomwe m'mawu, mu kulemba kapena njira ina iliyonse. Kulankhula - waukulu pakaciduswa polankhulana. Kulankhulana kumafuna nzeru zambiri pakati pa anthu awiri. Makamaka chifukwa inu mukhoza kulankhula osati ndi mawu, koma mwa njira ina iliyonse. Komanso, monga momwe tidzaonera, kusinkhasinkha - kulankhulana yekha. Ndiyeno ganizirani zimene yonse ya kulankhula.

kulankhula mawu ndi gestural

Kuyankhula sanakhaleko palokha. nkhope ndi manja kupereka mawu a mawu ndi kutengeka. anthu osamva, osati kulankhula mwa masiku onse, kuti mosavuta kusinthana maganizo ndi thandizo la chinenero chamanja, nthawi zambiri angakhale limaonetseratu kwambiri kuposa masiku, ife kulankhula. Poyankha, zikhoza kugawidwa mu olembedwa ndi m'kamwa, kunja ndi mkati. wiri akhoza pachifukwa kulankhulana: wapakamwa ndipo popanda mawu n'komwe. Tikupeza mtundu wa kulankhula ndi, tiyeni tione zimene zili m'gulu aliyense wa iwo. Choncho, tikuona kuti pansi mawu izi nzotani pafupifupi chinthu chomwecho. Komabe, pali kusiyana ndi amene tsopano timalankhula.

Anthu ambiri makamaka kulankhula ndi mawu ndi phokoso, koma kucheza tsiku malo lake manja. Kapena kuti chizindikiro wasonyeza mwa manja kapena ziwalo zina zikhoza kutanthauza mawu lonse kapena mfundo kutengerapo. Mwachitsanzo, kugwedeza mutu wanu angatanthauze mawu akuti "ayi" kapena "inde", ndi manja index chala akhoza kunena maganizo ochepa :. "Kuti", "tione" uko "kapena" pano "Munthu amene amagwiritsa manja, sangathe kunena liwu limodzi, koma anapitiriza kulankhula choonadi, phokoso osiyana kotheratu ndi gestural sikutheka monga iwo zimayenderana -. amathandizana ndi moyenera mzake.

Mitundu kulankhulana popanda mawu n'komwe

Kodi mitundu ya kulankhula ndi munthu? Manja si a wapakamwa kulankhulana, koma chidziwitso wapakamwa nzeru malingaliro ndi mawu. Nazi zitsanzo kulankhulana si mawu, luso kulankhula zakukhosi, kulankhula pa "thupi":

• manja ndi nkhope;
• kaimidwe (njira tikhale);
• intonation;
• diso kukhudzana;
• chogwirika kulankhulana.

Ngakhale ubwino zonse zokhudzana si mawu, mosiyana ndi kukambirana bwinobwino, nkhope ndi manja nthawi zambiri asamvetsedwe. kumwetulira kwanu kapena Mwachidule anthu akhoza kupereka tanthauzo losiyana kwambiri. Komanso, mosiyana ndi mawu omwe ife mwadala kuika tanthauzo lake, kulankhulana sanali wapakamwa amaona pa mlingo chikumbumtima. Munthu sangathe kudziwa zomwe izo akutumiza. Chisoni ndi chimwemwe, mkwiyo ndi ululu nthawi zina angathe kuwerenga pa nkhope zathu kapena khalidwe. Ndipo ndicho Chabwino, chifukwa muli ndi kukhala wachinyengo, kuti wakhumudwa akamachita kumwetulira.

Zitsanzo za kulankhulana chogwirika

Zingati kulankhulana akubweretsa anthu palimodzi! Izi ndi kuwerenga maganizo wonse wa kulankhula. Mitundu ndi ntchito ya kulankhula kusonyeza wapadera ake. Modern zida luso walola kuti liwu la munthu patali, ndipo ngakhale ntchito maitanidwe kanema kuti nkhope ya munthu ndi mmene iye akufuna kufotokoza. Komabe, pambuyo polojekiti kompyuta mungakumbatire mwana wanu kapena n'kumupukuta mzake paphewa. Kulankhulana mwa njira imeneyi, inu simungakhoze kuwakumbatira kapena kumpsompsona wokondedwa. Monga mukuonera, timalakwitsa kunena maganizo ndi kufotokoza maganizo athu osati ndi mawu. Zonsezi amalankhula mu mtima kufunika kulankhulana chogwirika.

Kulemba, kuyankhula mawu

Poganizira funso ziti wa kulankhula ndi, komanso kuphunzira njira zolankhulirana, m'pofunika kuti anthu amvetse kusiyana olembedwa ndi anthu amalankhula. Izi mitundu iwiri ya zimene zimachitika pakati pa anthu osati njira ya kufalitsa malingaliro, komanso kalembedwe ndi maonekedwe a ulaliki. mawu olembedwa mwatsatanetsatane monga ayenera kufotokoza zimene munthu sangathe kuwona (osati kutenga mafanizo chidwi). Ngati tikufuna kutumiza kalata kapena nkhani pa tsamba lanu, inu kawirikawiri muyenera kuti atchule wowerenga kwa tsiku, kutenga nkhani msinkhu wawo kuzindikira. Choncho, nkhani lolunjika pa osiyanasiyana yeniyeni owerenga - amene inu kuimira pamene inu kulemba. Komanso, chinenero amapereka zambiri za chikhalidwe kwambiri ambiri (ngati ayi kalata), monga nthawi umalimbana khamu la anthu a owerenga, choncho zingakhudze chiwerengero cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kulankhula M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri zodabwitsa komanso unspecific, chifukwa anthu awiri (akapanda sindikunena pa foni), Chili zinthu limodzi, kotero mawu kapena manja maganizo monga, "Apo!" kapena "Taonani!" mosavuta adazindikira mwa kumvetsera lapansi. Ponena ukufika chandamale ake, kufala kwa mudziwe limene limafotokoza zosowa za ophunzira. Ngati izo siziri, ndipo munthu akumanga yaitali voluminous maganizo, chifukwa ambiri m'njira kulankhulana malingaliro adzakhala amaona yaitali ndi wotopetsa. Choncho, kuchokera amazionera a omvetsera, munthu amene amalankhula zokongola ndi mgwirizano ndi wosatsutsika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amapereka malingaliro Awatu ndi molondola, zokhudza tanthauzo la omvera ndi kugwira tcheru chawo. Kupitiriza kuyerekeza chinenero m'kamwa ndi olembedwa, tikhoza kukumbukira kuti olemba luso nthawi zonse woyankhula si wokongola, ndipo amene yosintha kulemera kwa mawu, nthawi zina mukhoza kulemba. Kodi mitundu ya waluso polankhula ndi ntchito kuchita? Tikungotchula ochepa: zauzimu, chikhalidwe, milandu ndi maphunziro. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo kuti ndi kuona kuti zonse zokhudza chidziwitso mu dera.

Waluso polankhula kutha kukambirana zinthu zauzimu

kutha kulimbikitsa mitima ya anthu kalekale wamba kwa alaliki ambiri wauzimu. Anthu amene ankaphunzira Baibulo ndi choonadi, nthawi zambiri anakaonekera khoti kapena Poteteza zake. Ena mwa iwo anali anthu ambiri okamba nkhani aluso. Chifukwa cha maganizo ake, chimene iye mwaluso kumbuyo pamaziko a Lemba, L. N. Tolstoy anali anachotsedwa. J. B. Priestley ankazunzidwa chifukwa cha izi, ngakhale. Abusa Povunduka mkwiyo aliyense amene anazindikira "otsutsa". Zifukwa zimene zinachititsa kuti kulalikira anthu awa ali modabwitsa osiyana ndi amene sakulandira aliyense amalonda ano waluso polankhula wa ansembe.

Waluso polankhula ndi tsiku ndi tsiku nkhani

Mwina aliyense nthawi ankaimba pagulu. Masiku ano, pali zambiri muyenerabe kulankhula kwa anzake kapena akuluakulu. Ngakhale mtundu wa kulankhula ndi zonse zosiyanasiyana "Chinsinsi" ndi "mwambo" ndi anthu omwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana mafanizo okokomeza ndi kufananitsa angathe kusiyanitsa mawu ake ndipo, chotero, ndi amadza yoyenera omvera. Tiyeni tikambirane mitundu ya kulankhula Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zonse umatha kubisika.

waluso polankhula milandu

Monga amadziwika, mtundu chidwi kwambiri apamwamba - wina pafupi malire yokopa. Mwina aliyense wa ife kudziwa anthu amene angakhale "mwamphamvu" kulimbikitsa ena. Kukhoti, luso limeneli n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa kwina kulikonse. Achilamulo ndi Maloya, kuteteza maganizo ake, kuyesera kutsimikizira ndi kulimbikitsa woweruza ndi loweruza. anthu oterewa anganene, kulingalira mwachidziwikire ndi kuchititsa kuti maganizo athu abwino. Chifukwa cha osauka zingamvekere wabwino ndi mosemphanitsa. Komano, mawu olondola a choncho si kusokoneza pamaso pa bwalo, kudzatithandiza chiweruzo chabwino, kulanga perpetrators ndi kulungamitsa wosalakwa. Chinthu china ndi chakuti m'dzikoli muli anthu amene angathe kupanga ndalama, mabwenzi kapena ubwino nsembe mfundo za makhalidwe abwino. Umatha kumunyengerera, iwo angathe kulimbikitsa ena.

waluso polankhula maphunziro

Kusamutsa sayansi ena n'zotheka chochitika ali ndi nzeru. Komabe, pang'ono kokha nkhani, muyenera kukhala kumlingo ndi maganizo ndiponso kumvetsa omvera. Kumene, nkofunika kuti monga wasayansi akupereka chuma chake ngati apatsa umboni ntchito mawu sayansi ndi akuchonderera amene akuzidziwa anzake. Koma chidwi kwambiri kuphunzira mmene angaperekere zinthu mwa njila chidwi - choncho kuti ophunzira ndaona ubwino konkire okha. Paliponse pa izo sukupita, moti munthu aliyense - ngati sitikuchiona phindu lililonse okha, ife saperekanso phunziro awafotokozera Rapporteur. Kukumana ndi munthu "wokonda" ndi chiyanjo cha kuzindikira kuti "kumumvera", ndi waluso polankhula wapadera si chofunika. Komabe, ngati wasayansi ndi mmene kuphunzitsa ndi kupereka mfundo, ndi, ndithudi, kupanga khama kutero.

communicability

Mosiyana ndi waluso polankhula makupeka, omwe anapha pa zokambirana okwanila ulaliki omvera, kulankhulana n'kofunika pa kulankhulana moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Asamangochita zimene akufuna ndi munthu amene amadziwa kupeza chinenero ndi kuchita kukambirana ndi ena. Iye ali othekera kuona kuti kusamalira anthu amakhudzidwa ndi nkhani zimenezi kukwaniritsa cholinga chanu ankafuna. Munthu wotere ali wozindikira ndi khalidwe mwanzeru ndi ovomerezeka.

Kulankhulana ndi mitundu kulankhulana

Osati kusokonezedwa kulankhula ndi aya. Awa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malankhulidwe ndi makhalidwe awo ndi osiyana. Mu njira yachiwiri siyikhuzana kuchititsa kukambirana, ndipo maonekedwe ake. Kulumikizana Pali mitundu ingapo: mozungulira, kutsogolo ndi kukambirana. Yoyamba ntchito mu ntchito limodzi pamene anthu awiri Mwachitsanzo, ntchito pa dera limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina anthu akhoza sadziwa chilankhulo wina ndi mzake, koma cholinga limodzi limene wofuna, kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zawo, Zimapezeka ndi khama olowa.

kulankhulana Front akusonyeza pamaso pa mbuye, kapena mtsogoleri amene amapereka mauthenga kwa ena. Ndi ntchito mfundo ya "mmodzi ambiri". kulankhulana kotereku ntchito pamene wokamba chimatithandiza kulankhula kwa omvetsera.

Kukambiranako - kuwombola tonse zambiri pakati pa anthu awiri amene angathe kuyankhula chimodzi kapena chimzake. Cross kukambirana angayambe ngati vuto ikufotokoza gulu la anthu.

"Internal" kulankhula

Mitundu pamwamba wa kulankhula ndi makhalidwe awo kunali mitundu ya kulankhula kunja. Komabe, popanda kulankhula kunja, kumakhalanso mkati. kulankhulana limavumbulanso kulankhula kwa anthu monga chochitika. The mitundu ikuluikulu ya kulankhula, ndipo kuti anaphonya fomu iyi. Izi zikuphatikizapo unvoiced chinyezimiro (kapena monologue mkati). Mu nkhani iyi, interlocutor yekha ndi munthuyo. Kuchokera dialogical kalembedwe wa kulankhula chimene chimasiyanitsa Kufuna kupatsidwa mutu ambiri zenizeni ngati n'kotheka. Kukambiranako M'malo mwake, yodzala ndi mawu osavuta komanso kawirikawiri amanyamula tanthauzo lakuya.

Maganizo mtundu kulankhula

The olondola wa kulankhula zimakhudza zimene ndi intonation zimene analankhula izi kapena mawu. M'zinenero chizindikiro udindo wa intonation masewero mimicry. The anasiya intonation anati mu kulemba. Choncho, kuti lemba osachepera kautoto maganizo, Intaneti oona za chikhalidwe akhala ndi emoticons kuti akhoza pang'ono kusonyeza maganizo, malinga gwero ndi woonamtima. M'malemba sayansi, emoticons si ntchito, kotero wolemba chikuyembekezeka oganiza wapadera, logic ndi kukongola analemba Malemba. Zikatero, kwa mtundu maganizo, ntchito ziphiphiritso wokongola wa kulankhula, adjectives ndi zithunzi zokongola. Komabe, mawu ambiri tikuyamba zoona, kulankhula, imene mungathe kupereka phale lonse la makhalidwe anakumana ndi munthu. Kungoyankhula pa munthu aliyense payekha, n'zotheka kumva zolemba za kudzipereka, kuseka chenicheni, chimwemwe ndi chidwi. Komabe, pamene kulankhulana ndi wina munthu angathe kukhala odzala ndi mkwiyo, mabodza ndi mwamwano. Izi linkasokoneza pa ubale wake ndi ena. Koma ankaona mitundu, mbali khalidwe la kulankhula ndi mbali inayo, kungakuthandizeni kupewa kuchita zinthu monyanyira zimenezi.

Art nkhani

Pamodzi ndi anthu azisowa m'madera ena, tikhoza kuzindikira izo ngati ntchito kapena mankhwala ntchito monga munthu winawake ndi anthu onse. Pozindikira zimene mwayi waukulu limasonyeza mogwirizana anthu ena kutembenukira mu luso. Izi zikhoza bwino pokhapokha lonena ziti za waluso polankhula ndi m'chilengedwe. Motero, tiona mmene mphatso ya mtengo wapatali ndi kulankhula. Komabe, zimachitika kuti munthu zosiyanasiyana kobadwa nako kapena kugula matenda kulankhula.