The ndege anapanga pepala: origami chiwembu

Mwamtheradi aliyense wa inu anachita monga mmene mwana wamng'ono ndege - ndege, pa ndege, pinwheels osiyana. Pankhaniyi, nkomwe aliyense ankaganiza kuti atulutse katundu pepala - izi ndi wakale kwambiri Japanese luso otchedwa origami. Gawo la sayansi osangalatsa amene akufotokoza mmene kuchita zosiyanasiyana ndege anapanga pepala (chiwembu): womenya, yoponya mabomba, opepuka airframe ndi ena ambiri, otchedwa aerogami. zitsanzo alipo ali osiyanasiyana pofotokoza tizidziwe zonse, sizingatheke.

Kodi pepala ndege anabwera kwa ife

Ngati inu pambali mbiri ya origami Japanese ndi kutembenukira maso athu ku Ulaya, tikuona kuti lachitsanzo ndege anapanga pepala - zawo kukhala othandizanso - ankakonda kumanga Leonardo da Vinci. Pogwiritsa ntchito zikopa, iye amawaumba imodzi mwa zitsanzo loyamba la ndege. Patapita nthawi, abale Montgolfier anamanga pepala chitsanzo cha zibaluni mpweya wotentha. Mwa njira, pepala losonyeza mipira-nyali ndi otchuka kwambiri masiku ano ndi kudyetsedwa ndi mpweya otentha kwa kandulo moto, angatsimikize kuti mlengalenga kwa mtunda ndithu.

Anayambitsa zitsanzo loyamba gliders ankaona Dzhon Keli. Chopangidwa kuchokera ku nyumba ndege ngati pa chiyambi cha m'ma XVIII, kuthamanga iwo pamanja mwachidwi.

Ngakhale kuti kutchulidwa loyambirira la zitsanzo zouluka likukhudza mochuluka kwa 1909, lero umakopa kwambiri zamanja kuchokera mu pepala. Ndege amene ziwembu ali kwambiri kuzifotokoza osiyanasiyana, ana amayamba pindani mwamsanga zaka 4-5, ndipo ena chidwi adakali zofunika pa moyo.

glider

Mmodzi zitsanzo osavuta kuti mwana amaika aliyense wa inu ndi ndege za pepala (chithunzi m'munsimu) otchedwa "Boom" kapena mtundu wina wa "glider". chitsanzo ichi ali kwambiri makhalidwe ndege ndi lophweka. Kupanga ndege ya pepala - chithunzi kutsogolo kwa inu - ziri chabe ndondomeko tsatane asanu:

• kuika patsogolo pa pepala amakona anayi a pepala ndi pindani mu theka limodzi mbali yaitali (kotenga);
• ngodya maondo m'kati kwa likulu la pepala kupanga chinthu cha makona isosceles; kuyesera kuti mbali mmene ndingathere ofanana, izi kudzadalira ntchito makhalidwe a mankhwala;
• unakhota chifukwa dongosolo m'lifupi, kotero kuti kuyambira ku ngodya m'mphepete m'munsi anali za 2.3 masentimita;
• kamodzi ife kuwonjezera chinthu cha makona isosceles, ndi malo amene amakhala kuchokera pansi pa iye, akunga oposa, potero kukonza fuselage;
• Tembenuzani dongosolo chifukwa ndi pindani mu theka lengthwise;
• pindani mapiko, kuwapanga iwo onse kapena kuchepera pa nzeru zanu, zidzadalira momwe mkulu ndi zosavuta kuuluka ndege.

Zielke

Izi ndege German pepala, amene chiwembu ndi si zovuta kwambiri, manoeuvrable kwambiri ndi zatithandiza makhalidwe liwiro. Izi zimatheka ndi kaphatikizidwe ndi mchira kuwala ndi fuselage lolemera kwambiri, chifukwa cha mphepo si choletsa.

Pepala ndege origami - Silke chiwembu:

• kutenga chidutswa amakona anayi a pepala ndi pindani mu theka lengthwise (kumanja kupita kumanzere) ndi ndiye limbitsani kachiwiri;
• Tsopano kuchita chimodzimodzi kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, flatten pepala ndi kukhotetsa gawo pamwamba pakati (m'lifupi);
• unakhota mu ngodya pamwamba pa mzere pakati, kumtunda Chioneke truncated piramidi;
• pindani kunsi chapamwamba gawo pakati mpopi mzere kachiwiri;
• kutembenuzira mbali kumbuyo kwa dongosolo kuti palokha ndipo pindani mu theka lengthwise kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere;
• Kumanja chapamwamba pomwe ngodya unakhota pansi, limbitsani kachiwiri;
• kukuza ndi mlingo woyenerera ndi maondo izo kunsi, chapamwamba kumbuyo mbali ya pindani;
• Pangani mapiko bwino - ndi pamwamba pepala unakhota bwino diagonally;
• Phinduza mankhwala ndipo malizitsani phiko lachiwiri;
• Ikani pa mapiko - ndege ndi wokonzeka kuwuluka.

ankadziwana

Wina chitsanzo kwenikweni zouluka. Tiyeni tiyese ndi kupanga ndege kuchokera mu pepala, tili ndi chiwembu:

• kutenga pepala (amakona anayi) ndi kukhala zayamba yopingasa olamulira;
• kusiya chizindikiro yaing'ono pakati, vertically kulekanitsa pepala;
• kugawanitsa mbali zotsala za akusowekapo m'magulu 4 ofanana, mzere anaŵerama ndi 2;
• kupotokola m'munsi gawo kukonza chapakati olamulira mzere mpaka pakati, yemweyo kuchita ndi theka chapamwamba;
• Tsopano kumanja kupita pepala kwambiri vertically pakati;
• pambuyo m'mphepete akusowekapo kukhotetsa kuti wodziwitsidwa ngodya amene akuyamba ku gawo pakati ndipo wafika pa mizere lachitatu khola (chitsanzo taperekachi, chithunzi 4);
• Ife kuwonjezera pamodzi momwemo ndi mapeto ena;
• chifukwa anaŵerama kwambiri ndi makona vertex ya njingayo obtuse, popangidwa ndi mbali;
• imange mbali yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda wa mapiko chapamwamba mu thumba laling'ono, limene mwalandira;
• Pindani akusowekapo mu theka limodzi m'ma mzere ndi kuyamba mapiko mawonekedwe.

Ndizo zonse, "Delta" ndege wokonzeka! Thamangani!

Ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti pamene chitsanzo ichi si bwino ntchito pepala kuchisenza, mukatero ntchito mwabwino ndi bwino kuika mzere uta, ndipo akhoza kudwala makhalidwe kuuluka bwino potsatira njira ya ndege.

Cunard

The ndege yotsatira kuchokera mu pepala, dera ndi pang'ono zovuta kuti anthu yapita, cholinga kuuluka mtunda wautali. Chinthu chapadera ndi luso kukonzekera mwabwino ndi modekha kutera pa msewu wonyamukira ndege ya. Apa momwe:

• kutenga chidutswa cha pepala (mtundu A4), weramitsani mu theka lengthwise (kumanja kupita kumanzere) ndi ndiye unbend ku chikhalidwe chake chapachiyambi;
• chapamwamba unakhota kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino kwa pakati mzere, amene ali kuoneka bwino;
• kutembenukira dongosolo;
• Pindani m'mbali mbali pakati, pamene kumbuyo kwa unakhota si zofunikira;
• diamondi chapakati pindani pakati kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi;
• unakhota topsheet makona chapakati m'mwamba, atagona pansi pa khola la unakhota yapita;
• Pindani mankhwala chifukwa wabwerera theka;
• kuyala wosanjikiza chapamwamba obliquely kumanja - ichi ndi mapiko; Tembenuzani osalembapo ndipo pindani phiko lachiwiri la ndegeyo.

Ikani pa mapiko, "Cunard" wokonzeka kuwuluka. Kumene, ena malirime zoipa kuti lachitsanzo inakwaniritsidwa ndege flightless, koma amene akukusautsani kutsutsa mfundo iyi. Kodi ichi mwa inu nokha ndi kuona ndege.

Littl Niki

Popanga ngati ndege origami pepala chiwembu adzakhala zothandiza, chifukwa "Little Nicky" potsamira si mophweka, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri. Mapiko ndege ndi womenya yokhota kumapeto ofanana kwambiri, ali maneuverability kwambiri ndipo chikhoza kukhala liwiro labwino.

Kupanga ndegeyo, muyenera pepala lalikulu woboola pakati:

• pindani pepala mu theka, ndiyeno lamanja ndi lamanzere amakona anayi gawo la khola chomwecho mu theka, muyenera 4 wofanana mbali;
• ngodya m'munsi weramitsani kwa chizindikiro choyamba makutu ndi pindani mzere;
• mungaimitse kapangidwe ndi kukhotetsa Triangles Chapakati;
• zina kuchepetsa pachimake ngodya mawonekedwe ndi tuck izo downwardly ndi rearwardly kuti wokhudza pamwamba pepala malire;
• Tsopano kukhotetsa mbali ku likulu gawo;
• kutembenukira ndipo kanikizirani mankhwala mu chapamwamba m'mphepete zakale ndi kukoka kunja zigawo;
• chifukwa makona unakhota kumbuyo monga tikuonera zimakwana;
• ndege pindani pakati lengthwise, pindani mapiko pansi;
• Pindani m'mbali mwa mapiko ndi kuwongola ndege.

Onse mwana Nicky kukonzekera ulendo kupita m'tsogolo! Anawuluka!

njira ina

Ndipo zoyenera kuchita ngati kuika ndege kuti akadali simudalandira, kapena mwina mukufuna kuyesa chatsopano?

Pali njira ina ndege zawo tinkering pepala - chithunzi kusindikiza, kudula ndi pindani mbali anaimaliza pa mizere akufuna. Kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo izi pepala, mukhoza zochuluka stormtroopers, palibe choipa kwambiri kuposa omenyana weniweni ndi zoponya mabomba, ndi ngati kukumana kwambiri - bungwe payekha mini-chionetsero, amene adzayamikiridwa ndi anzanu.

Apa mfundo ya chidule:

• ngati simungathe kusindikiza mtundu chithunzi, osadandaula - mungagwiritse ntchito yosindikiza wakuda ndi woyera, kenako kujambula ndege yomalizidwa;
• ngati mukufuna kumata ndege chachikulu, ndiyeno nkutenga zokwanira wandiweyani pepala, kapena zinthu adzakhala olumala;
• kwa ndege yaing'ono, komanso ntchito mfundo zabwino, ntchito pepala chabwino ofesi, n'kosavuta kumamatira;
• kuti makutu anali yosalala ndi zolondola ntchito zitsulo wolamulira ndi malo mpeni ;
• kuti mwabwino kuwatchinjiriza kunja mfundo zofunika ntchito pensulo, munagulira workpiece bola ngati m'mbali adzakhala sasintha;
• mbali woyera m'mbali ndi bwino kujambula, mwinamwake iwo zingaipitse maonekedwe a chitsanzo yomalizidwa;
• ntchito bwino zomatira mandala monga "nthawi";

A ochepa nsonga

Mmene molondola molondola mwaika chitsanzo chanu ndege, zimadalira ntchito zake. Ngakhale kuti pepala si kuwala ndi zinthu zoonda bwino apangidwe ndegeyo ali mphamvu zokwanira, ndi akamaziwononga angasunge mawonekedwe kwa nthawi yaitali.

Musawafulumizitse, amayesetsa kutsatira monga malangizo - molondola kwambiri mudzatha kubwereza chiwembu bwino adzatembenuza ndege.

Pakuti ndege wabwino, kusankha chitsanzo ngati imene m'dera phiko wokulirapo fuselage.

chidwi kwambiri mu ntchito amaperekedwa kwa mchira - ngati iwo ali bwino apangidwe, ndege adzakhala kuuluka.

Sankhani chitsanzo ndi mapiko wopindidwa, zikuthandizani kusintha makhalidwe kuuluka bwino potsatira njira ya ndege ndi kuonjezera ndege osiyanasiyana.

buthulo ndege

zitsanzo zonse za ndege pepala, ziwembu zimene timaphunzira m'nkhaniyi ndi zouluka bwino (mwina kupatulapo "Canard"). Komabe, pali malamulo ochepa Launch bwino:

• onetsetsani kuti ndegeyo ndi zovuta bwino, mogwirizana ndi chiwembu ndi;
• mosamala onani mmene bwino ndi moyenera kufalitsidwa mapiko a chitsanzo;
• kuyamba-mmwamba ndege, kuona ngodya pafupifupi 40-45˚;
• Zikusintha mphamvu ya Launch, izo zimatengera ngati makina anu ndi zosavuta kukonza ndi kuuluka moti;

Wopambana inu kuuluka, kupirira ndi kuleza mtima. Kupanga ndege zonse za pepala ndi osavuta - chinthu chachikulu kuti zinali zosavuta, choyambirira ndipo kwenikweni amadziwa kuwuluka.