Ndege. Mbiri anatulukira

Za kutsika pansi ndi fungatirani kumeneko ngati mbalame, anthu akulakalaka kuchokera kalelo. Kuzipenya wa nthenga kukusonyeza kuti ndege ndi chofunika kuti munthu mapiko. Ancient Greek nthano za Icarus ndi Daedalus limatiuza mmene inamangidwa woyamba kudzikonda anapanga ndege - mapiko nthenga kugwirana pamodzi ndi phula. Potsatira ngwazi lachinsinsi la anthu ambiri wolimba apanga kapangidwe awo mapiko. Koma maloto awo kupita mu mlengalenga sanabwere choona, inatha mu tsoka.

Chotsatira poyesetsa kuyambitsa galimoto ntchito ndi ntchito mapiko makina. Iwo amakhala ndi chikakamizo mphamvu ya miyendo kapena nkhondo, koma monga akuwomba wamasiyeyo ndi dongosolo lonse mu mlengalenga sadathe.

Ine sindikufuna kukhala padera ndi Leonardo da Vinci. Mumadziwika chitukuko Leonardo zouluka ndi mapiko makina, anayambika mwa mphamvu ya minofu anthu. The ndege yoyamba zonse zinalengedwa ndi wanzeru Italy wasayansi ndi zatsopano, amaona kuti kukhala zinachitika a ndege ya. Leonardo akuonetsedwa ndi zida okonzeka ndi tinakwera yaikulu fulakesi impregnated wowuma zinthu mamita 5 awiri.

Monga anaima ndi mlengi amuna anayi anali atembenuza mikono yapadera bwalo. Asayansi amakono amanena kuti kubweretsa mamangidwe zoyenda, minofu mphamvu ya anthu anayi sikunali kokwanira. Koma ngati Leonardo da Vinci ntchito ngati choyambitsa amphamvu masika, zouluka makina ake anatha kupanga yochepa, koma ndege weniweni. Mu ichi osauka maselo flights da Vinci sanaime, anaikira waika kuti akhoza kuuluka mwa mphamvu mphepo, ndi mu 1480s ndi, anasonyeza Chithunzi cha zida ndi "kwa kulumpha kuchokera kumwamba popanda kuvulaza anthu." chipangizo, chithunzi thunzi si wosiyana kwambiri parachuti ano.

Ziribe kanthu momwe zodabwitsa zingamvekere, koma ndege yoyamba imene anatenga kumwamba, anali mosatsata mapiko ake. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, abale Montgolfier, French Zhak Eten ndi Zhozef Mishel, anatulukira zovuta zibaluni. The ndege, wodzazidwa ndi mpweya otentha akhoza kukweza katundu kapena anthu. Munthu woyamba kukwera kumwamba pa zibaluni mpweya wotentha, zibaluni anakhala woyamba compatriot Jean-Francois de A Rozier Pilatre. Patatha mwezi umodzi, iye anapanga mpweya wotentha zibaluni ku kampani ndi Marquis d'Arlandom woyamba ufulu ndege. Izi zinachitika mu 1783.

Zibaluni-zibaluni anagwidwa ndi chifuniro mphepo, anthu akuganiza ndege ankalamulira. Mu 1784, chaka chimodzi pambuyo ndege yoyamba chibaluni, wotchuka wasayansi, katswiri wa masamu, zomangamanga ndi injiniya asilikali Zhak MENE anapereka polojekiti airship (anawamasulira ku French mawu otanthauza "kulamulira"). Iye anatulukira ndi elongated airships streamlined, njira ya kukonza nacelle kuti mpirawo ballonet lembani mkati chipolopolo kwa kuchucha mpweya. Ndipo ambiri Chofunika - Meunier ndege anali okonzeka ndi tinakwera kuti imazungulira, ndinali kukankhira kapangidwe patsogolo.

Only kuzindikira maganizo anzeru a Jacques Meunier pa nthawi imeneyo sanali n'kotheka, tinakwera pomwe anali asanakhazikitse anatulukira.

Mulimonsemo, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha asayansi zaka zapitazi ndipo ndege awo amamwa kunatheka chitukuko cha ndege zamakono ndi zikamera wa kudya, otakasuka ndi odalirika ndege.