Kodi kusiyana kotani pakati pa zinyama ndi nyama zakutchire?

Kunyumba ndi njira yomwe moyo wa nyama zakutchire umasintha kwambiri. Ndi zinyama ziti zomwe zingagwirizane ndi mwamuna ndipo zinayamba kumuthandiza? Galu wakuthengo ankafunika kuti azisaka ndi kuteteza, ng'ombe ndi mbalame zinabweretsa nyama ndi mkaka, mahatchi anali galimoto yabwino, ndipo amphaka anathandiza kuchotsa makoswe. Zinyama zapakhomo zinakhazikika mosavuta m'zinthu za anthu ndipo zidakhala mabwenzi ndi othandizira omwe sagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Kunyumba kwa nyama chifukwa cha ulimi kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za Neolithic, ndipo izi ndi zaka 9,000 zapitazo. Alimi akale adayamba ndi kubadwa kwa mbuzi, kenako nkhosa, nkhumba ndi ng'ombe. Chilimbikitso cha izi chiyenera kuti chimawotha kutentha kwa mapeto a Ice Age, chomwe chinachititsa chilala ku Middle East ndikukakamiza anthu kusonkhana pafupi ndi madzi odalirika. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu kunachepetsanso bwino kusaka ndi kusonkhanitsa, komanso kulima mbewu sikunathe kukwaniritsa chakudya chofunikira. Nyama zoweta ndizo zokhazo zowonjezera chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni m'nthaŵi yochepa.

Zinyama zapakhomo: zizindikiro

Chiweto chimakhala ndi zizindikiro zambiri. Choyamba, izo zimawumbidwa mu ukapolo chifukwa cha phindu lachuma. Chachiwiri, anthu amawongolera njira yosankhira, kuyambitsa gawo ndi kudyetsa. Zinyama zapakhomo zimagwidwa ukapolo ndipo, monga lamulo, zimasiyanasiyana ndi maatomy ndi khalidwe kuchokera kwa makolo awo. Kupsinjika maganizo ndi kudalira anthu kumayambitsa kusamvana kwa mahomoni komanso kumapangitsa kukula m'madera osiyanasiyana a thupi.

Kubeletsa mu ukapolo kumaphatikizapo zowonongeka izi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku khalidwe logonjera, kukula kwa thupi, kuchepa mafuta pansi pa khungu, kuchepetsa nsagwada, mano ndi ubongo. Kodi kusiyana kotani pakati pa zinyama ndi achibale? Kuwonjezera apo, iwo amawoneka mosiyana, iwo amakhala ochepetsetsa ndipo samakhala okhwima, chifukwa samayenera kudziteteza okha kwa zinyama ndi zina zosautsa zachilengedwe zakutchire.

Agalu

Nyama yoyamba yodyedwa ndi galu, yomwe, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, inachokera ku mmbulu. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti mabwenzi apamtima kwambiriwa angakhale ochokera ku galu yemwe tsopano satha . Mitundu yonseyi imadziŵa bwino momwe anthu amakhalira, poyambitsa magulu ovuta komanso ophatikizana kuposa mitundu ina iliyonse.

Pamene mimbuluyo inayamba kuyeretsa zinyalala kuzungulira midzi, anthu anayamba kutenga ziphuphu kwa iwo okha monga alonda ndi asaka. Poyendetsedwa ndi anthu, zinyama zakutchire zakutchirezi zakhala zolimba kwambiri pakati pa anthu ndi kukhala mabwenzi okhulupirika kwa ambuye awo.

Ng'ombe

Zolemba za ng'ombe zazikulu zimapezeka mu zofukulidwa zakale za Igupto ndi Mesopotamia wa zaka 6000. Makolo wawo wamba anali tsopano ng'ombe yamphongo yopanda kuthengo. Kwa zinyama izi, ntchito zambiri zapezeka, kuphatikizapo ogwira ntchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe angathe kupereka - mkaka, nyama, mafupa ndi mafuta (kutentha).

Nkhumba

Nkhumba zinkapangidwa kuchokera ku nkhumba zazing'ono pafupi nthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi ng'ombe. Makhalidwe awo ali m'njira zambiri pafupi ndi agalu ndi anthu kuposa ng'ombe zomwezo. Nkhumba zimagwirana ntchito ndi anthu ena ammudzi, kumanga zisa ndi mabedi. Iwo ali ofooka mwathupi pa kubadwa ndipo amafuna chisamaliro chofunikira cha makolo.

Mahatchi

Zinyama zoterezi, monga akavalo, zasungidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Zimakhulupirira kuti njirayi inayamba pafupifupi zaka za m'ma III. BC. E. Ku Russia ndi Kumadzulo kwa Asia kuchokera ku kavalo wam'tchire. Zitsambazi ndizofunikira kwambiri kubzala pamapiri owuma.

Poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azidya, koma kupirira kunkawalola kuti apange magalimoto abwino kwambiri oyendayenda. Kukwanitsa kutumiza munthu kunakhudza kwambiri chuma pakupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka anthu. Ichi chinali chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa chitukuko cha anthu.

Amphaka

Ndi nyama ziti zomwe zasamalidwa ndi munthu? Zakale zakale zokumbidwa pansi zimasonyeza kuti Aigupto akale ankasunga amphaka monga ziweto zaka 1000 BC. E. Zolengedwa zokongola izi ndizosiyana ndi malamulo onse a zoweta.

Ng'ombe zakutchire zinathandiza kuchotsa makoswe ndi mbewa, motero kutetezera tirigu wosungidwa panthawi imene ulimi wakhala wakula. Izi zowonongeka kwambiri zakutchire zinkalamuliridwa ndi vuto lalikulu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti amphaka amasiku ano ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi makolo awo.

Nkhani za kukula

Kodi nyama zoweta zingakhale zoopsa kwa anthu? Pali chinthu chimodzi chofunikira chomwe chimafunikira pakuukira ndi kuopseza moyo wa munthu. Mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe, nyama zazikulu zingakhale zakupha kwa ambuye awo.

Chiweto chilichonse chachikulu (kavalo, ng'ombe, ngamila, galu) chingayambitse imfa. Monga akunena, mutha kuchotsa chirombo kuchokera kuthengo, koma simungathe kuchotsa nyama zakutchire kuchokera kuchirombo. Pali nthawi zonse chiopsezo, ndipo chinyama chachikulu ndi champhamvu, chimakhala chowopsa kwambiri.

Chikhalidwe cha mawonekedwe

Zinyama zapakhomo sizimangoti zimangokhala zokhazokha. Komabe, nyama iliyonse yomwe imakhala mu ukapolo ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi achibale awo achilengedwe.

Mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi zikhalidwe za amphaka apanyumba ndi zakutchire, ayenera kulingalira za chilengedwe chawo. Khalidwe ndi psychology za mitundu iyi zimapanga zofanana zambiri. Pokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso kukhala kutali ndi mavuto oopsa ndi zoopsa zomwe zilipo, nyama zimasintha.

Ambiri a iwo amakhala ndi makhalidwe omwe ali nawo adakali aang'ono, pamene nyama sizinalowemo moyo wathunthu. Ana aang'ono ndi ana, mwachitsanzo, adzachita pafupifupi mofanana.

Mpaka iwo atathamangitsidwa mu chisa (masentimita) kuti adzifunse okha mu chikhalidwe cha chirengedwe, zikanakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri, zokondweretsa komanso zoyankhulana, chifukwa chibadwa chawo cha kusaka sichinayambe kufika pamtunda.