Chithunzi cha Bosch "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala": Mbiri ya mwaluso ndi

Ieronima Boskha (1450-1516) tinganene kuti wotsogolera surrealism, choncho zolengedwa zachilendo anabadwa mu malingaliro ake. zojambula wake - kuonetseredwa kwa akale chinsinsi ziphunzitso esoteric: alchemy, nyenyezi, kulodza. Pamene iye sanapeze ku moto wa kusaka, amene pa nthawi yake wabweza mphamvu, makamaka Spain? Anthu a dziko lino anali makamaka cholimba zotentheka. Komabe, zambiri za ntchito yake mu Spain. Ming'oma ambiri ntchito kumeneko ndipo maina a zojambulajambula zawo sanapereke. Palibe amene akudziwa mmene chithunzi otchedwa Bosch "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala" Photo woimiridwa pano mwa chithunzicho yekha.

makasitomala

Kuwonjezera makasitomala kunyumba, mu wojambula kwambiri achipembedzo admirers mkulu wa ntchito zake. Lina zithunzi osachepera atatu ali mu zopereka za Venetian Cardinal Domenico Grimani. Mu 1504, Mfumu Philip Fair wa Castile analamula ntchito yake "The khoti la Mulungu, woikidwa Kumwamba ndi Gahena." Mu 1516, mlongo wake Margarita Avstriyskaya - "The Mayesero wa St. Anthony ". M'nthawi ankakhulupirira kuti zojambulajambula anapereka kutanthauzira anzeru a Gahena Zotengera wa uchimo wonse. Zisanu triptychs zazikulu, chifukwa Iye analandira kutchuka posthumous, zisungidwe zakale ambiri padziko lonse. Bosch anali penti "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala" mu Prado. mankhwala ali nambala zosaneneka kutanthauzira ofufuza. anthu angati - malingaliro ambiri.

nkhani

Munthu aganiza kuti chithunzi cha Bosch a "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala" - ntchito oyambirira, munthu - Patapita. Mu kuphunzira mapanelo thundu, imene inalembedwa, akhoza pachibwenzi pafupifupi 1480-1490 zaka. The Prado pansi triptych ndi unalembedwa zaka 1500-1505.

The eni loyamba la ntchito mamembala a Nyumba ya Mulanje (Germany). Kudzera Wilhelm ine , iye anabwerera ku Netherlands. Mu nyumba zawo Brussels, ndinaona wolemba mbiri yake yoyamba Bosch, amene anayenda mu retinue wa Cardinal Louis wa Aragon mu 1517. Iye anasiya nkhani ya triptych, amene salola kukaika, analidi chithunzi cha Bosch a "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala" pamaso pake.

mwana wake William tinatengera Mnazareti De Chalon, ndiye wadutsa mu manja a Kalonga wa ku Alba pa nkhondo Flanders. Kenako Duke kumanzere kwa mwana wake wapathengo Don Fernando, ndi abbot wa Order wa St. John. Spanish Korol Filipp II, lotchedwa wanzeru adagula ndi anatumiza kwa agulupa ya El Escorial pa July 8 1593 chaka. Ndiko kuti, pafupifupi nyumba ya mfumu.

Baibulo limanena kuti Yobu kupenta pa nkhuni ndi zitseko ziwiri. A chithunzi yaikulu Bosch analemba - "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala." chithunzi kukula: chapakati gulu - 220 × 194 masentimita, mbali - 220 × 97,5 masentimita Spanish katswiri José de A Siguenza anapatsidwa nkhani, ndi kutanthauzira .. Ngakhale ndiye, izo oveteredwa ngati wanzeru kwambiri ndi waluso ntchito, zomwe mungathe kungoganiza. Mu mndandanda wa 1700, umatchedwa "The Chilengedwe". Mu 1857 zikuoneka dzina apano - ". Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala" Mu 1939, adzabwezeretse pachithunzipa unasamutsidwira Prado. Muli chithunzi lero.

chatsekedwa triptych

The lamba wa pamimba chatsekedwa amasonyeza lonse mu malo mandala, kufanizira ndi fragility wa chilengedwe chonse. Pa pali ngakhale anthu kapena nyama. Utoto malankhulidwe grayish, woyera ndi wakuda, zikutanthauza kuti pali palibe dzuwa, palibe mwezi, ndi kutitengera zikusiyana dziko yowala pamene triptych tidutse. Izi - tsiku lachitatu la kulenga. Number 3 ankaona wathunthu ndi changwiro, chifukwa uli ndi chiyambi ndi mapeto. Pamene kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke amakhala otseka, izi - mmodzi ndiye ungwiro mtheradi. Mu chapamwamba kumanzere ngodya ali fanizo la Mulungu ndi tiara ndi Baibulo mu manja ake. Pamwamba mukhoza kuwerenga mawu mu Latin, kuyambira Salmo 33, limene kumasulira amatanthauza kuti: "Iye anati chidachitika. Analamulira, ndipo iwo onse mwaimika. " kutanthauzira ena lapansi wathu chitatha chigumula.

lotseguka triptych

Zojambulajambula amatipatsa mphatso zitatu. Kumanzere gulu - fano la Paradaiso tsiku lomaliza wa chilengedwe cha Adamu ndi Hava. Chapakati gawo - misala zosangalatsa achithupithupi, zomwe zimatsimikiza kuti munthu ataya chisomo. Omvetsera bwino amaona Gahena apocalyptic ndi wankhanza, mu umene munthu silingayende kosatha chifukwa cha machimo.

gulu Kumanzere: The Munda wa Edeni

Patsogolo pathu - Kumwamba padziko lapansi. Koma si mmene ndi silili. Pa mtima wa Muulngu pazifukwa zina mwa mawonekedwe a Yesu Khristu. Iye ananyamula dzanja la Hava atagwada pamaso atagona Adamu.

Azaumulungu a nthawi ndi mkangano waukulu ngati pali moyo mkazi. Pa chilengedwe cha munthu, Mulungu adauzira moyo Adamu, koma pambuyo polenga Hava, sikuti atauzidwa. Chifukwa chete izi walola anthu ambiri akhulupirire kuti mkazi alibe moyo konse. Ngati munthu angathe kupewa tchimo, wodzala ndi chigawo chapakati cha chilichonse mkazi ku uchimo sationanso: moyo alibe, ndi lodzala ndi chiyeso mdierekezi. Izi udzakhala kusintha kwa Paradaiso tchimo. Akazi machimo: tizilombo ndi zokwawa kuti imakwawa pansi, akuyandama mu madzi, komanso achule ndi nsomba. Munthuyo ndi wopanda tchimo - maganizo ake ochimwa mbalame yakuda, tizilombo ndi zibonga.

Paradaiso ndi imfa

Pakati - kasupe ngati pinki phallus, ndipo likadali ya kadzidzi, amene akutumikira monga chizindikiro cha zoipa ndipo si nzeru, ndi khungu lauzimu ndi kupusa ndi nkhanza za dziko lapansi. Komanso, Bosch bestiary wodzazidwa ndi kungofuna, kudya akuvutika awo. Kodi n'zotheka m'paradaiso zimenezi, aliyense amakhala mwamtendere ndipo sindikudziwa za imfa?

Mitengo m'Paradaiso

zitsime Wood lili Adamu, twined mphesa, amene akuimira thupi zosangalatsa. Mtengo wa zipatso wokutidwa njoka choletsedwa. The Edeni ali zonse kusamukira ku moyo wa uchimo pa dziko lapansi.

khumudwitsidwa chapakati

Pano anthu Anagonjera kumukhumbira, amapita chiwonongeko. Chinapangidwira adagwidwa ndi misala amene amagwidwa dziko lonse. Izi ndi mapwando achikunja. Apa ankaimira mapulogalamu kugonana m'njira zonse. Kumbali zithunzi amaphatikizidwa ndi zithunzi hetero- ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Pali wankers. kugonana kwa anthu, nyama ndi zomera.

Zipatso ndi zipatso

Onse zipatso ndi zipatso (yamatcheri, raspberries, mphesa, ndi "sitiroberi" - bwino masiku ano wokhala), momveka akale munthu - Zizindikiro za kugonana. Pa nthawi yomweyo zipatso zimaimira waufupi, chifukwa patapita masiku angapo, iwo kuvunda. Ngakhale mbalame phwiti kumanzere likuimira chiwerewere ndi chisokonezo.

Zachilendo chimaonekera ndipo opaque muli

Iwowo anali otengedwa alchemy ndi ngati ndi thovu ndi Chigawo. Ichi ndi msampha kwa munthu amene sadzamva.

Amatunga ndi mitsinje

Round Pond pakati ladzala ndi zithunzi makamaka akazi. Mozungulira chitadutsa mu makope chilakolako cavalcade okwera wamwamuna nyama otengedwa bestiary (akambuku, panthers, mikango, zimbalangondo, Unicorns, mphalapala, abulu, Griffins) amene kutanthauziridwa monga anthu otchulidwa kusilira. Kenako pali dziwe ndi mpira buluu, amene adzakhala malo zauve otchulidwa zolaula.

Ndipo ichi si onse amene akufotokozedwa mu Ieronima Boskha. "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala" - chithunzi sangosonyeza chitukuko cha ziwalo kugonana amuna ndi akazi. Mwina zojambulajambula ichi anayesa kutsindika kuti anthu onse ali limodzi, ndipo tchimo.

Izi si kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa gulu lapadera. Chifukwa chakuti n'zotheka kufotokoza ndi 4 mitsinje ya Paradaiso ndi 2 Mesopotamiya, ndiponso kusapezeka kwa matenda, imfa, okalamba, ana ndi Hava mu ngodya wamanzere, amene anatengeka ndi mayesero, ndipo tsopano anthu angayende wamaliseke ndi kumva manyazi.

mtundu

Green mtundu ponseponse. Iye anakhala chizindikiro cha kukoma mtima, buluu limaimira dziko lapansi ndi zosangalatsa zake (kudya zipatso buluu ndi zipatso, masewero mu madzi buluu). Red, monga nthawizonse - ndi chilakolako. Mulungu Pinki utakhala gwero la moyo.

Kumanja phiko: Helo zoyimbira

The kumtunda kwa triptych umene ankachita bwino mu mdima, kusiyanitsa mitundu yapita kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke awiri. Top wachisoni, nkhawa. Usiku mdima kubaya kuwala kung'anima ndi malawi a. Ikuyaka nyumba kuwuluka ndi ndege moto. Kuyambira mawunikidwe ake madzi amakhala ofiira owala, ngati magazi. Moto ndi za kuononga zonse. Kulikonse chisokonezeko ndi chisokonezo.

Chapakati gawo - kutsegula eggshell ndi mutu wa munthu. Iye amaona mwachindunji wowerenga lapansi. Pa mutu wake - litayamba ndi kuvina miyoyo ochimwa pansi bagpipe lapansi. Mkati mtengo anthu - miyoyo mu bungwe la mfiti ndi ziwanda. Musanayambe - chidutswa cha chithunzi cha Bosch a "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala." zifukwa gehena kwambiri zoimbira, ali bwino. Music - ochimwa zosafunikira zosangalatsa, limene limalimbikitsa anthu kuti zosangalatsa chithupithupi. Choncho, zoimbira akhala zida kuzunzidwa: wochimwa mmodzi lapachikidwa zeze, pa matako a wina ndi chitsulo chamoto anatentha cholemba, ndi lachitatu Ufumuyo lute lapansi.

Sananyalanyaze osusuka. Chilombo ndi osusuka mutu kudya mbalame.

Nkhumba zovala avirigo musatisiye kupirira kwawo alephera.

Sizidzatha m'maganizo I. Bosch kumakupatsani yaikulu ya chilango cha machimo padziko lapansi. Osati mwangozi ku Gahena wa Bosch amamangirira zofunika kwambiri. Mu Middle Ages, naweruzire nkhosa, analimbikitsidwa m'malo linakula tinthu tating'ono, chithunzi cha mdierekezi. Gehena ndi ulamuliro satana analamulira dziko, ndi kuwapulumutsa akanangokhoza akaonekere kwa atumiki a mpingo, ndithudi, ndalama. machimo kuposa akuonetsedwa, ndalamazo apeza mpingo.

Yesu yekha ndipo sanathe kuganiza kuti mngelo wina kuwasandutsa chilombo, ndipo mpingo mmalo apadera a chikondi ndi kukoma mtima kwa mnzake ndi akusonyeza kwambiri kulankhula kokha za machimo. Mlaliki bwino, m'pamenenso zikumveka maulaliki kulankhula za kudikira wochimwa ngolo anatipatsira.

Ndi kudana zikuluzikulu tchimo litalembedwa Ieronim Boskh "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala." Kufotokozera za chithunzi anapatsidwa pamwamba. Ndi modzichepetsa kwambiri, chifukwa kwathunthu kuulula mafano onse simungathe palibe kuphunzira. Ntchito imeneyi ndi akufunsa woganiza kusinkhasinkha iwo. Only Bosch kupenta "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala" mkulu khalidwe kulola kuti tione mwamtheradi zinthu zonse. Ieronim Boskh anatisiyira ochuluka kwambiri za ntchito zake. Ndi zojambula 25 zokha komanso 8 zojambula. Mosakayika, ntchito yaikulu kwambiri yomwe analemba Bosch katswiri - ndi:

• "The udzu", Madrid, El Escorial.
• "Pamtanda wa St Julia", ndi Doge yachifumu, Venice.
• "Munda wa Padziko Lapansi amasangalala", Madrid, Prado.
• "Last Chiweruzo", Vienna.
• "The hermits woyera", ndi Doge yachifumu, Venice.
• "Yeserolo wa St. Anthony", Lisbon.
• "Molemekeza Amagi", Madrid, Prado.

Ndi triptychs zonse zazikulu guwa. ophiphiritsa awo si nthawi zonse kuzindikiridwa nthawi yathu, koma m'nthawi Bosch tiwerenge iwo monga buku lotseguka.