"Zima usiku": kusanthula. Nthano ya Pasternak "Winter Night"

Zochititsa chidwi za ntchito zikuwunika kusanthula kwawo. Nthano ya Pasternak "Winter Night" imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuya kwakukulu kwa tanthawuzo. Mudzawona izi m'nkhaniyi mutatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi. Chithunzi cha wolemba chikufotokozedwa pansipa.

Zima usiku ... Kodi diso lanu linali liti musanalankhule mawu awa? Mwina mtendere ndi bata, mwezi wathunthu, chisanu chofewa, chofewa ndi kufalikira kwa nyenyezi kudutsa mdima wakuda? Kapena mwinamwake munali ndi chimvula chamkuntho kunja kwawindo, kuvina mizimu ya chilengedwe, mvula yamkuntho ya chipale chofewa ndi mphiri yokhayokha pamalo ano - nyumba yokhala ndi kandulo yomwe ikuyaka patebulo?

Nthawi yolenga ntchito

Nthano ya Pasternak "Winter Night" inalembedwa mu 1946. Nkhondoyo inatha posachedwapa. Zingawoneke, kuchepa kwayandikira sikungasokoneze chirichonse. Komabe, mkuntho wa zovuta zonse padziko lonse sizinathebe ndipo mwina, sizidzatha. Kumene angapeze chipulumutso? Nchiyani chingathandize munthu kuti asatayike ndi chilakolako cha zilakolako, kusunga dziko lopanda pake ? Boris Pasternak akupereka yankho pa ntchitoyi: nyumba ndi malo okhala bata ndi chiyembekezo. Komabe, yankho limeneli ndi losavuta, monga momwe tikuwonetsera. Nthano Pasternak "Winter Night" ndi yovuta kwambiri. Kuti mutsimikizire izi, ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane.

Kulandila kwa chiyanjano

Tiyeni tibwerere ku ndakatulo yomwe ili ndi chidwi ndi ife ndikuyesera kumvetsetsa zomwe wolembayo akufuna kuwuza owerenga, zomwe maganizo a Pasternak amavomereza mndandanda wogwirizana wa mizere. Ntchitoyi ndi ndakatulo-kukayika, kuthawa, chisamaliro. Sizowopsa kuti amamangidwa kwathunthu pa phwando la antithesis (otsutsa). Kuchokera pa stanza mu stanza, refrain ikutsata mawu omwe akuti "kandulo yatentha ...". Monga mukudziwira, kandulo ndi chizindikiro cha chiyembekezo, chiyero, kudzikhalira, chimwemwe chokhazikika. Kuunika kumeneku, komwe kuli pakati pa chilengedwe cha lyric hero, n'kosavuta kuzimitsa. Mphamvu imodzi yosavuta ndi yokwanira izi. Ndipo tsopano, "mwamphamvu" amamva "mapiko awiri," ngati mngelo, "kuyesedwa kwakukulu."

Moto, kutentha - chizindikiro cha chilakolako, maganizo. Komabe, izi ndi "kuyesedwa kotentha." Koma nyali yamakandulo ndi kuwala kwa moyo wodokha, wamtendere. Wolembayo anafotokoza mu ntchito imodzi element mu ziwiri hypostases, mosiyana kwambiri. Komabe, maziko a ntchitoyi akadali kutsutsa kwa ayezi ndi moto. Izi zimatsimikizira kufotokoza kwake kwina.

Nthano ya Pasternak "Winter Night" m'ndandanda yoyamba ikutsutsa: "melok ponseponse" ndi "kandulo yatentha". M'nyengo yozizira, blizzard, chimvula cha chisanu chimatikumbutsa mzere woyamba wa ndakatulo. Chozizira chimakhala nthawi imodzimodzi mfumukazi ya "dziko lapansi lonse," ya dziko lonse lapansi, yomwe zonse zili pansi pake. Ndipo kandulo imodzi yokha imayimilira kwa mfumukaziyi wolimba mtima, yemwe ali wokwiya, wokwiya ndi izi.

Ndani adapambana?

Ntchitoyi imakumbukira za "Ziwanda" za Pushkin polimbana ndi zolimbana pakati pa mizimu ya umunthu ndi chilengedwe, kuvina ndi msinkhu wosasunthika, kusonyeza moyo wautali. Komabe, apa pali zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri. Ngati ziwanda zija mu Pushkin, zomwe zikuyimiridwa ndi chikhalidwe cha zinthu, zimapangitsa kuti munthu wokhotakhota amutsutse, atembenuza ngolo yake, kenaka ndikuona kuwala, chiyembekezo chochepa, sangathenso kugonjetsa mphamvu zakunja. Stanza yomaliza ndi kubwereza koyamba: "melo mwezi wonse" ndi "kandulo yatentha".

Lingaliro lalikulu la ntchitoyo

Tiye tipitirize kusanthula. Nthano ya Pasternak "Winter Night" imadziwika kuti mizere iwiri yomaliza ya stanzas ikugwirizana, koma osati yoyamba. Dziwani kuti muyeso yoyamba palibe nthawi yeniyeni - zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi zopanda malire. Izi zikugogomezedwa ndi kubwereza kwa mawu akuti "melo". Mzere wotsatira umayamba ndakatulo "Winter Night": "Melo, melok padziko lonse lapansi". Kufufuza, tikuwona kuti mu stanza yomalizira, mosiyana ndi yoyamba, malire a nthawi yeniyeni ("mu February") ayikidwa. Kuwonjezera apo, mawu oti "melo" sakunenanso mobwerezabwereza. Choncho, mvula yamkuntho imakhala yosatha, ili ndi kumaliza.

"Kandulo" yatentha "monga mzere womaliza umatsimikizira kupambana kwa chiyembekezo ndi moyo. Kulimbana uku, nthawizina kosayenera, tsiku ndi tsiku, kumathera ndi kupambana kwa gwero loyera, lomwe molimba mtima limateteza ufulu wa moyo. Lingaliro lalikulu la ntchitoyi ndi ndondomeko yotsutsana ndi mikuntho yambiri ya moyo mkati ndi kunja. Zolembazo, komanso maonekedwe a ndakatulo, zimatithandiza kuziulula. Mukayang'anitsitsa ntchitoyi, mvetserani mawu a mawu, mumvetse kuti ndi yokongola komanso yowala.

Kukula kwa ndakatulo kwa "Winter Night", mbali zake

Nthano ya Pasternak yolemba "Winter Night" "kale, chigumula" (mawu a Khodasevich) a iambic, akuwonetsa maonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Ndi chiyani mu izi, zikuwoneka? Iamb ali ndi miyendo inayi, yachikhalidwe ... Koma samverani mzere wa 2 ndi 4 wa stanza iliyonse. Mukhoza kuwona kuti amafupikitsidwa - maimidwe awiri okha. Mphindi 1 ndi 3 mzere, kuphatikizapo, chiganizo cha amuna chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo pa 2 ndi 4 ndi chachikazi.

Inde, izi sizowopsa. Lembani pa ndakatulo ya ndakatulo, ndikupereka kuwala kwa maganizo a ntchito, ndi njira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Mizere imayendetsedwa, kutengera kwa ayezi ndi moto zimatulutsidwa. Zimakhala zomveka, zimakopa chidwi.

Kulandila kwa alliteration

Komabe, palibe chiwawa komanso nkhanza. Izi zimatsogoleredwa ndi phwando la alliteration (kubwereza "e", "l"). Njira imeneyi imapangitsa kuwala, kuyera kwa blizzard. Timamva kulira kwa kristalo, koma nthawi yomweyo timamva kuti palibe moyo. Imawonanso pamatsutso - phwando lomwe limapangitsa ndakatulo ya Pasternak "Winter Night" kuti imveke bwino.

Kufufuza kwa kufotokoza kwa dziko lakunja

Chiyanjano chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofotokozera za kunja, zomwe ziri zopanda pake, zankhanza, zopanda pake. Mu chipale chofewa "chirichonse chinatayika." M'dzikoli, n'zosavuta kutha, kuphompho. Adzadya mopepuka alendo onse, osakhala kwa iye. Ndipo pofotokozera dziko limene kandulo ikulamulira, wolemba amagwiritsa ntchito mawu omwe amasonyeza zokoma, zinthu zosavuta-izi ndi "nsapato ziwiri," "denga," "misonzi," "sera," "kuvala," "kuwala kwa usiku," ndi zina. Wokongola ndi wokongola, koma apa malemba a dziko lina akumvekanso, pali malo okayika ndi ovuta.

Dziko lamkati la mzimayi wa lyric

Choncho, dziko lakunja la ndakatuloyi, likufotokozedwa momveka bwino. Ngati mukufufuza mayina ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuntchito, pafupifupi onse amatanthauzira kufotokoza kwake. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, zimakhala zovuta kulingalira dziko lamkati la mulungu wa ntchitoyi. Pomwe palibenso kanthu kamene kanenedwa ponena za izo, chimaperekedwa kokha kukwapula kosiyana. Owerenga amangoganiza chabe za maganizo a msilikali. Kufufuza kwa ndakatulo ya Boris Pasternak "Winter Night" yomwe ili m'nkhaniyi ikuthandizani pa izi. Kulowerera mudziko lauzimu la msirikali wamakono kumatipangitsa kuganiza ndi kulingalira. Mofanana ndi nyimbo zina zonse zomwe Boris Pasternak amagwiritsa ntchito, "Winter Night" amadziwika ndi mphamvu yamaphunziro a filosofi.

"Chiyeso"

"Kuyesedwa kwakukulu," kukayikira kunagwira mtima wa msilikali wodzitamanda. Kutentha uku ndi koopsa, komwe pamakhala chifukwa chofanana ndi mngelo. Mayesero, monga momwe akudziwira, ndikutanthauza kwa Satana, ndipo mngelo ali chizindikiro cha chiyeretso ndi chiyero. Kachiwiri, chiwonongeko chimayesedwa ndi chizindikiro cha chiyero - mawu oti "crosswise". Ichi ndi chisonyezero cha chisokonezo cha moyo wa msilikali wodzitamanda, yemwe sangathe kumvetsa komwe kulibwino, ndi kuti zoipa. Chizindikiro chokhacho, udzu wokhawokha ndi wa "kandulo" wophiphiritsira, wotumikira monga chitsimikizo cha chiyembekezo ndi chikhulupiriro. Kuchokera kwa msilikali kumadalira, kaya kutuluka kapena kuwala. Ndilo lingaliro ili lomwe potsiriza limatsogolera ku ndakatulo ya Pasternak Winter Night.

Kuwunika kwa izi kumaliza, chifukwa cha zikuluzikulu za ntchito yomwe tafotokoza. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ili yothandiza kwa inu. Kwa nthawi yaitali ndi mwatsatanetsatane mungathe kufotokoza ndakatulo "Winter Night" ndi Pasternak. Kufufuza kwathunthu kumasonyeza zinthu zina zofunikira. Komabe, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe tawona ndikupempha owerenga kuti aganizire popanda ntchito.