Karelian nkhalango: maonekedwe, chikhalidwe, mitengo ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Karelia ndi kale amatchedwa nkhalango komanso nyanja m'mphepete. Modern mtunda unakhazikitsidwa mchikakamizo cha glacier limatsogolera kuti anayamba zaka khumi ndi zitatu zikwi zapitazo. Ice mapepala pang'onopang'ono kuchepa ndi Sungunulani madzi odzazidwa m'maenje mu miyala. Choncho unakhazikitsidwa kwambiri nyanja ndi mitsinje Karelia.

nkhalango namwali

Karelian nkhalango - chuma chenicheni cha deralo. Pali zifukwa zingapo, ambiri mitengo ntchito mozizwitsa molambalala iwo ndi. Izi imakhudzanso magulu pamodzi malire Chifinishi. Chifukwa cha chilumba anasunga zachilengedwe pristine. nkhalango Karelian kudzitama mitengo ya paini, amene zaka umalandira zaka mazana asanu.

Mu Karelia, pafupifupi zikwi mahekitala ya nkhalango ndi mu udindo wa zinyama ndi nkhokwe. mitengo Virgin kupanga maziko a "Pasvik" nkhokwe, "Kostomukshsky", "Paanayarvsky" National Park.

Green Chuma: Chidwi Mfundo

Development wa Karelia nkhalango unayamba m'zaka za kubadwa kwa mafakitale. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu cha yodula mitengo ankavala kusankha. Pafupi ironworks anali kudula bwino. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, voliyumu ya akusowekapo matabwa anasangalala kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa nkhalango Karelian pang'onopang'ono isungunuke. Izo zinali kokha nineties Mu zaka zapitazo, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ali utachepa kwambiri. Pakali pano, kamodzinso pali kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mlingo wa kukolola matabwa, chifukwa ndi lofunika katundu mankhwala, amene nthawi zonse zikufunika kwambiri.

Karelian nkhalango: mitengo yomwe zilamulire

Malowa ali amazipanga kukongola ndi wolemera zomera.

Maziko a m'nkhalango Karelian - ndi spruce ndi paini. Mu kumpoto akhoza kukumana Chifinishi spruce, ndi kum'mawa - Siberia. Koma zomera ukufanizidwa conifers osati. Kodi wapadera Karelian nkhalango? Kodi mitengo kukula ngakhale mu malo awa? Palinso hardwoods wamba. Wotchuka Karelian mitengo birch nkhalango, mitundu ake awiri - fluffy ndi warty. Komanso yolimba limakula alder yomata ndipo Aspen.

mitundu nkhalango

Mu South Karelia pali timapepala yaikulu ya mitengo ikuluikulu-Ndalankhula - Elm, linden, alder ndi zokometsera. Karelian paini nkhalango kukula, kawirikawiri mu dothi komanso ali osauka kupanga mitundu yambiri kuti amasiyana chikhalidwe cha nthaka ndi mtundu wa zomera za gawo m'munsi.

Mu otsika, madambo ndi zithaphwi pafupifupi kwina kulikonse kukula nkhalango sphagnum paini ndi nkhalango kungokhala ndi tonkostvolnym. Apa nthaka amakhala ndi chivundikiro wandiweyani wa Moss, limanenanso ambiri zitsamba - rosemary, mabulosi abulu, ndi bog mchisu.

Pa nthaka kwambiri chonde anakakhala paini-zelenomoshniki amene ankaimira ndi mitengo yayitali. Mu ichi m'tchire wandiweyani nkhalango chosowa kwambiri ndipo imakhala mlombwa ndi rowan. Chitsamba kubisa cranberries ndi blueberries, koma nthaka ali ndi Moss. Monga zomera herbaceous, apa iwo ali ochepa kwambiri.

Pa dothi zatha, otsetsereka ndi ovuta pamwamba kukula nkhalango ndere pine. Mitengo m'madera amenewa n'zochepa kwambiri, ndipo pali pafupifupi palibe underbrush. chivundikiro nthaka umaimiridwa ndi ndere, Moss, ndere wobiriwira, bearberry, cranberries.

Pakuti nthaka wolemera kwambiri yodziwika ndi spruce. Ambiri ali zelenomoshniki, wopangidwa mwapadera kawiri pa mitengo Oil, nthawi zina zimachitika Aspen ndi birch. Kunja kwa mzinda wa zithaphwi pa dothi peat-podzolic zili sphagnum spruce ndi dolgomoshniki. Koma mitsinje zigwa khalidwe bolotnotravnye spruce nkhalango ndi Moss ndi alders wofooka ndi meadowsweet.

nkhalango wosanganiza

M'malo mwa yodula ndi nkhalango moto kamodzi kwakukulu m'malo mwa madera sekondale nkhalango wosanganiza limene kukula Aspen, birch, alder, komanso kupereka m'tchire olemera ndi wosanjikiza busa. Koma pakati hardwoods ndi zofala, ndi conifers. Monga ulamuliro, ndi spruce. Ndi mu nkhalango wosanganiza kum'mwera kwa Karelia n'zochepa pano Elm, linden, mapulo.

m'madambo

Pafupi makumi atatu peresenti ya m'gawo mabwalo ali wotanganidwa ndi m'madambo ndi achinyontho, zomwe ndi malo khalidwe. Iwo Njira ndi nkhalango. M'madambo anawagawa mitundu zotsatirazi:

1. M'zigwa zomera woimiridwa ndi zitsamba, mabango ndi sedge.
2. Kumapiriko, amene anadyetsa ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga. Apa kukula blueberries, cranberries, cloudberries, chilombo rosemary.
3. m'madambo chosakhalitsa kuimira kusakanikirana chidwi mitundu iwiri yoyambirira.

dambo onse akuyang'ana yosiyanasiyana. Ndipotu amatunga, ataphimbidwa ndi ndondomeko ya ndere. Apa pali paini ndi malo m'madambo ndi mitengo ing'onoing'ono birch, pakati zomwe gleam chithaphwi mdima ndi duckweed.

kukongola Karelia

Karelia - m'dziko okongola. Apa dambo inamera Moss, taphunzira ndi nkhalango namwali, mapiri anagwetsa zigwa ndi zitunda zokongola chodabwitsa, bata padziko nyanja inasanduka othamanga Mitsinje ya miyala gombe.

Pafupifupi 85% a gawo - nkhalango Karelian. Chogwidwa ndi conifers, koma palinso ang'ono-Ndalankhula. mtsogoleri Hardy kwambiri Karelian pine. Iwo ali 2/3 la nkhalango zonse. Kukula wotere nkhanza, ndi maganizo am'deralo, ali wapadera machiritso katundu, ayambe ozungulira mphamvu, kutopa ndi irritability.

nkhalango Local otchuka Karelian birch. Ndipotu, ndi yaing'ono ndi nondescript mtengo. Komabe, chapeza zikomo kutchuka dziko mtengo wake amphamvu ndi olimba, amene akufanana nsangalabwi chifukwa cha chithunzi chodabwitsa.

nkhalango Karelian komanso ali olemera mu mankhwala ndi edible zomera herbaceous ndi zitsamba. Pali mabulosi akuda, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, cloudberries, cranberries ndi lingonberries. Kungakhale kulakwa kuti kukumbukira bowa, chimene Karelia wochuluka. Oyambirira a iwo kuonekera mu June, ndipo mu September, nthawi ya kutolera bowa kwa pickling - kupita volnushki, sinyushki, bowa.

mitundu mtengo

Pa expanses Karelian a mitengo ya paini, amene m'badwo osachepera zaka 300-350. Komabe, pali toyesa achikulire. kutalika awo ndi 20-25 kapena 35 mamita. masingano Pine umabala oyaka, omwe akhoza kupha majeremusi. Komanso, ndi lofunika kwambiri mtundu, matabwa ake ndi zabwino shipbuilding ndi ntchito yosavuta yomanga. Mtengo kwa madzi yotengedwa rosin ndi turpentine.

Mu Marcial madzi limakula ndithu wapadera paini-wopulumuka, amene zaka - mazana anai zaka. Analowa mndandanda wa mitengo osowa. Pali ngakhale nthano kuti mitengo ya paini anabzala pafupi a Peter Ine, koma ngati inu kuganizira msinkhu wake, izo mwina, atakula kale nthawi imeneyo.

Komanso, Karelia limakula Siberia spruce ndiponso anthu wamba. Kumbali m'dera izo moyo zaka mazana awiri kapena atatu, ndi ena toyesa moyo mpaka kwa zaka zaka, pamene kukwaniritsa mamita 35 kutalika. The awiri a mtengo - za wina mita. nkhuni spruce ndi kuwala kwambiri, zimakhala zoyera, ndi zofewa ndi kuwala. Izo ntchito kupanga pepala bwino. Spruce amatchedwanso chomera nyimbo. Chotero udindo analandira si mwamwayi. Yosalala ndi pafupifupi wangwiro makungwa ake ntchito yopanga zoimbira.

M'nkhalango Karelian anapeza njoka spruce, ndiwo malo achilengedwe. N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kukula m'mapaki.

Larch, zofala Karelia, amatchedwa mitengo coniferous, koma chaka chilichonse iwo anakhetsa masingano awo. Mtengo umenewu akuti ndi wautali, moyo zaka chifukwa moyo mpaka 400-500 (kutalika kwa mamita 40). Larch limakula mwamsanga ndipo timaliyamikira kwambiri osati chifukwa cha matabwa ake olimba, komanso ngati paki chikhalidwe.

Mu youma spruce ndi paini nkhalango zambiri mlombwa, umene ndi coniferous yobiriwira chitsamba chilichonse. N'zochititsa chidwi osati ngati chomera yokongola, komanso mitundu mankhwala, chifukwa zipatso zake muli zinthu ntchito mankhwala.

The Karelian birch zili ponseponse. Pali mtengo limatchedwa mpainiya, ndi oyamba zatenga malo aliyense kwaulere. Birch amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa - kuchokera zaka 80 100. M'nkhalango izo zifika pa msinkhu wa mamita twente-faifi.