Lachifumu ndipo Republic. mawonekedwe mafumu, monga mabwalo a boma

Lachifumu ndipo Republic ndi mitundu ya boma. Kodi makhalidwe kodi ali nazo? Kodi mayiko okutidwa? Tiuzeni za izo.

ndi mawonekedwe a boma liti?

Mtundu wa boma ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zambiri wakale wa boma. kuphunzira zambiri anazunguzika Agiriki akale. Iye anali wotsimikiza mfundo okha amene anasamutsidwa mphamvu mu dziko. M'kupita kwa nthawi, lingaliro ili wakhala kukodzedwa.

Tsopano mtundu wa boma Mzimuyo kwathunthu kapangidwe gulu la matupi lolamulira ku boma, makamaka awo zikuchokera, wokhoza, dongosolo la mapangidwe, mawu a ntchito ofesi, etc .. etc .. Komanso ndiyo mfundo ndi ndondomeko ya mmene zikuyendera mogwirizana ndi boma ndi mzake.

Lachifumu ndipo Republic - awiri mitundu yaikulu ya boma. Lililonse lagawidwa mitundu yambiri. Pambali, palinso njira wosanganiza wa gulu lomwe lili zinthu za mitundu onse. Malinga amene mawonekedwe chimapambana kutali monarchical Republic kapena Republican mafumu.

osiyana mitundu imatengedwa kuti ndi Mulungu, kapena Chisilamu, Republic. Adzaupereka kwa ulamuliro wa atsogoleri Chisilamu. Mutu wa boma amasankha thupi wapadera - Bungwe la Akatswiri, wopangidwa mwa azaumulungu otchuka a dziko.

ufumu

Mu Greek wakale "ufumu" amatanthauza "chosagawanika". Mu mawonekedwe wapamwamba mphamvu gulu kwathunthu kapena pang'ono mu manja a munthu. Udindo wa mfumu akhoza kusankhidwa kapena tinatengera.

Kale izo ankakhulupirira kuti mutu wa boma ndi chimodzi osankhidwa a Mulungu. Iye anali m'malo mwa miyambo, chitsanzo cha makhalidwe ndi ulemu. Mfumu kawirikawiri ntchito mphamvu moyo ndi pochitika zinangokhala achibale. Kumene, panali kusankidwa mafumu, monga Rzeczpospolita, kapena Rome.

Pali mitundu ina ya mafumu ngati mtheradi ndi lamulo lalikhulu ladziko. Mu ulamuliro wolamulira yoyamba yopanda malire, zosankha zonse ndi maulamuliro ankalamulira iye yekha basi. Mu mphamvu wachiwiri wa mfumu zimatsatira malamulo kapena miyambo. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mitundu iwiri:

• aphungu - kumene zochita zonse pa kasamalidwe ka boma akulamulira yamalamulo ndi mfumu ndi nkhope zokha dziko;
• dualistic - mfumu lili ndi mphamvu zina, koma mphamvu yake okha ndi nyumba yamalamulo malamulo.

Republic

ulamuliro Republican amapereka chisankho cha mutu wa boma. Mphamvu sangathe wobadwa nawo, ndi nzika kwenikweni nako ufulu wa munthu ndi andale. maulamuliro onse komanso osankhidwa. Iwo anapanga ndi voti kapena mabungwe dziko (yamalamulo, Council, ndi zina zotero. D.).

Mbali yaikulu ya Republic ndi kusankha kwa akuluakulu wapamwamba, mndandanda mawu a boma, udindo malamulo a chipani cholamulira. Republic monga mtundu akhoza kukhala yamalamulo, Pulezidenti ndi kusakaniza.

The pulezidenti Republic Mutu wa boma ndi boma ndi pulezidenti. Iye akhoza kupanga ndi kupasuka boma, popanda nawo yamalamulo. Mu lipabliki aphungu zochita pulezidenti amapita mmphepete mwa njira. Iye ali mutu wa boma amagwira ntchito nthumwi, pamene yamalamulo asaaonerera pa ntchito a boma.

Mu theka-Pulezidenti dongosolo mphamvu nyumba onse mwamphamvu zapiringizana. Pulezidenti akhoza kupanga boma, koma ndi nawo yamalamulo. Choncho, ntchito za mphamvu wamkulu umalamulidwa ndi pulezidenti ndi nyumba yamalamulo.

The ufumu mu Russia

Modern Russia ndi mabwalo a pulezidenti. Nthawi zina limanenedwa ngati wosanganiza ndi mabwalo aphungu-Pulezidenti ndi mphamvu yaikulu mutsogoleli wadziko. Maufulu onse ndi malamulo m'dziko ndi malamulo ndi malamulo, amene anavomerezedwa mu 1993.

Komabe, mabwalo Samakonza nthawi zonse. M'malo mwake kalekale kukhalamo ndi mafumu. mbiri dziko kunayamba boma wakale Russian, anakhazikitsa mmbuyo mu chaka 862. Pambuyo pake, m'mayiko Russian ogwirizana Grand Duchy wa Moscow, boma Russian, ndi ufumu ndi ufumu.

M'zaka za m'ma XVII, Peter Ine anakhazikitsa ufumu absolutist. mabungwe anatsogolera boma wamng'ono ndi mabungwe, kuphatikizapo mpingo. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, mphamvu zenizeni unachitikira Akuluakulu a wapamwamba. The ufumu mu Russia chinakhalapo mpaka 1917. Mfumu yomaliza anali Nicholas II, amene anali gunned pansi pamodzi ndi banja lake.

Lachifumu ndipo Republic: kusiyana, ubwino ndi kuipa

Chokhacho boma bolodi zambiri anazindikira yabwino ndi yolondola. A kutsatira mafumu anali Mwachitsanzo, Zhan Zhak Russo. Aristotle ankaona kuti ndi mawonekedwe kwambiri zachilengedwe a boma. Komabe, mafumu ndi mabwalo ndi ubwino ndi kuipa.

Mmodzi mwa ubwino mafumu ndi mwamsanga yopangira chisankho, kusowa kulimbana andale, chidwi mu chikhalidwe amphamvu ndiponso wabwino ndi kazembe, mphamvu akudutsa ana ake. A akuti moyo wa Board amaika udindo waukulu pa mfumu, kupereka nthawi zambiri kusintha kwa dzikolo.

Wa mphamvu ndi zofooka tsinde la m'njira imeneyi. Mosiyana ndi mabwalo, mafumu, wolamulira si mwalamulo udindo zochita zake. Chosagawanika kupondereza chimayambitsa mutu wa boma.

Mu dziko, likuvutika ofesi kusankidwa kumusonyeza demokalase weniweni. Apa, ufulu zonse zimatsatira malamulo koposa malamulo ndi zokhazikitsa wa munthu. sangathe akhoza ankaona ngati wautali kupanga zisankho ndi malamulo, monga izi, mfundo ya ambiri.

limati zamakono

Only wachitatu wa mayiko tsopano monarchies (wofiirawo pa mapu pansipa). Anatinso udindo ichi chili kwa Belgium, Bhutan, Britain, Denmark, Sweden, ngakhale Nyumba yamalamulo ili ndi mphamvu yakuuka. monarchies mtheradi ndi maiko Muslim: Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Brunei. Mwa iwo, bwanamkubwa si mutu wa boma komanso mutu wa mpingo.

Republic monga mawonekedwe a boma, ukugwira ntchito m'mayiko pafupifupi 140 padziko lonse (imvi pa mapu). mphamvu ya pulezidenti ndi ofala mu United States, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan. mayiko Parliamentary ndi Germany, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel.

Obwerawa boma ukugwira ntchito Ukraine, Croatia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia. Wateokalase Iran ali mbali, ndi Vatican, komanso Turkey, Pakistan, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Mauritania. bwino kwambiri zidzachitika mu Iran.