Chipilala Ivanu Groznomu: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Ivan Grozny - m'malo maganizo m'mbiri a mkhalidwe wathu. Pa dzanja limodzi, ichi ndi wolamulira woyenera, wamasomphenya pulani wandale mwaluso ndiponso wolemba luso. Pa zina - ndi misogynist, wolamulira wankhanza ndi synoubiytsa. Mpaka nthawi ino chizindikiro cha Ivan IV analandidwa yekha pa zojambula ndi ziboliboli aluso wotchuka. Koma panali lingaliro kuimika chipilala cha chikumbutso Ivanu Groznomu ku Russia zaka zingapo zapitazo. Kodi anatuluka izo, ife kuphunzira.

Maonekedwe Ivana Groznogo

Ku magwero olembedwa kuti yatsikira kwa masiku athu, sikutheka kuti uweruze kuoneka woyamba Russian tsar. Iwo amalankhula yekha wankhondo - wamtali, kwambiri akonzedwa maso ndi chithunzi shapely. Ife tonse tikumbukire yotheratu wachikulire ndi kupenta Vasnetsov "Ivan Grozny amapha mwana wake." Koma akuimira wojambula pa mapeto a moyo wake, ndipo ndi wolamulira chithunzi kuti ziribe kanthu kochita.

The State Russian Museum ku St. Petersburg anali amkuwa chosema Ivana Groznogo, anapanga ndi wojambula Mark Matveevich Antakolskim. Linapangidwa molondola kwambiri pa kufotokozera anthu, omwe ankadziwika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19. Chipilala Ivanu Groznomu ayenera kukhala enieni kwambiri, mwinamwake mmene angaperekere kufunika kwa ana a chifanizo m'mbiri?

Only mu m'ma makumi awiri, asayansi M. M. Gerasimovym anamangidwanso chifanizo cha wolamulira a zotsalira kwa autopsy ndi.

Ganizo loyamba kumangira chipilala cha

M'tawuni ya dera Lyubimov Yaroslavl ankadziwa kuti amange chipilala woyamba Ivanu Groznomu. Nkhani ya oipa wake. Mu 2005, akuluakulu a boma anali okonzeka kugwiritsa mapulani a polojekiti yanu umakondwera ndalama ngati linalowererapo Bishopu a dera Yaroslavl. Anapempha khoti linalamula boma ndi kuyendera boma ndi pempho kuteteza erection wa chipilala, chifukwa fano la Ivana Groznogo amagwirizana ndi adani mwa anthu ndi stiffness ndi zingakhudze akuchuluka cha zinthu zachiwawa. Kodi n'chifukwa chiyani anthu a m'tauni yaing'ono, kusinkhasinkha woyamba Russian tsar, sadzakhalanso kupha ndi kugwiriridwa, sakudziwika. Koma kasamalidwe Vuto linali mantha zotsatira, ndi amaundana polojekiti.

Kodi munaganizapo kuti n'chifukwa chiyani mpaka panalibe chipilala kwa mfumu yaikulu? N'chifukwa chiyani unsembe wa chipilala Ivanu Groznomu mu Russian - ndi lingaliro anatuluka kokha zaka zingapo zapitazo? Ndi kukambirana pa nkhaniyi sanagwe chete. theka la chilakolako cha anthu angawone nkhope ya mfumu yoyamba, pamene ena akufotokoza ake categorical "ayi."

Ivan Grozny ndi chipilala "Millennium la Russia"

Mmodzi wa mafunso kaŵirikaŵiri anafunsa mu Veliky Novgorod: chifukwa chipilala "Millennium la Russia" si Ivana Groznogo? Inde, chosema - mwiniwake wa ukulu wonse, amene anafika amphamvu Russian Ufumu. Iwo amaonetsera kanjedza kuchokera Nthawi osiyana waukulu mafumu, asayansi, ophunzitsa, olemba mabuku, atsogoleri a asilikali ndi otchuka. Kodi Ivan Grozny sakuyenera kukhala pa ndime nawo? Ngakhale zodabwitsa zambiri ndiye kuti bambo Ivan IV - Ivan III pa chipilala kumeneko. Kuyankha mafunso awa lagona pa zochitika zimene zinachitika mu 1570.

Novgorod ndi oprichnina

Mu 1569, gulu la anthu a Novgorod motsogozedwa ndi zauve ndi Skuratov anakonza intrigue wofuna ndi mfumu, cholinga chimene chinali kutali ndi mpando wachifumu. Lowopsya nthawi bolodi anali osamveka, kulikonse - ziwembu komanso kuyesetsa kuphedwa. Ndipo mfumu anamva bwanji zimenezi. Koma iye sanali kudzapereka pomwepo perpetrators, ndi panokha anapita ku Novgorod ndipo anapanga "yachifumu", amene adapha onse olemekezeka a mumzindawo. mfumu poyera anaphedwa ndi instigators ndi aliyense amene anali nawo pa izi. Ndipo njira kupha yankhanza kwambiri, zimakhudza akazi, ana ndi okalamba. mkwiyo wa mfumu anakantha osati pa Novgorod Wamkulu, komanso m'malo ozungulira mzindawo. Chisembwere inatenga nthawi yaitali masabata asanu. Panthawi imeneyi, mzinda anakhala wosauka. Iwo wataya kufunika kwake zakale ndi malo a malonda ndi zachikhalidwe. Zitachitika zinthu zimenezi zomvetsa chisoni Novgorod konse wamkulu ndi konse mfumu kupha ambiri.

Kodi n'zotheka kulungamitsa nkhanza za mfumu?

Kodi zikanakhala bwino kanthu Grozny, anthu nthawi zonse iye yekha zoipa. Izi kale akamanena za munthu. N'chifukwa chiyani Palibe amene akuganiza kuti mwa Grozny anakhalabe wamphamvu, chifukwa ngati si dzanja lake okhazikika, dziko idzakhala akumenya nkhondo internecine, kapena akanakhala anagonjetsa anansi wamphamvu? Ngati osati kukonza wake ndi kuwina nkhondo, sipakanakhala chuma zaka kudza. Koma zikayenda akadali ochepa chinazilala mu chikumbukiro cha anthu a mbadwo wake, ndi amene anaphimba zochitika m'mbiri.

Tiyeni kukumbukira nthawi malamulo a mfumu. Zinali Mibadwo ya Mdima, zipolowe m'dzikolo, kuwononga ndi umphawi. Amayi ndi mkazi woyamba anali poizoni Mfumu yekha lidakalipobe ziwembu zingapo kuphedwa. Ivanu Groznomu kulimbana ndi njira mwamakani, ndi chifukwa choti nthawi kuti kunali kotheka kwa Kumvetsela anthu. Ozunzidwa anayamba, osachepera 10 zikwi Russian nzika. Koma simungathe kuweruza popanda kudziwa vuto lenileni la nthawi imeneyo. Ndipo ngati kusankha anali? N'zokayikitsa, makamaka ngati ife yosanthula ntchito za ena mafumu ena a m'mayiko ena, amene analamulira pa nthawi yomweyo.

zinachitikira European

Ku Ulaya cha m'ma 16, nthawi sanali bwino. chimodzi chokha St. Bartholomew amakumbukira m'mibadwo yanu monga chitsanzo cha nkhanza ndi chiwawa mwachisawawa. The okonza kuphedwa chidali ndi French Korol Karl IX ndi mayi ake Ekaterina Medichi. Osakhulupirira anawalamula kuti aphe ndi kuwotcha mwachindunji ku nyumba zawo pakati pa usiku. Pa tsiku oopsa amene anapha anthu 30 sauzande, ndipo kangapo kuposa anaphedwa Ivanom Groznym mu zaka khumi za ulamuliro wake.

Wamba kugalukira ku Germany mu zaka 1524-1526 anapha anthu oposa 100 zikwi. Ngakhale ambiri analamula wa Dutch Duke la Alba, ambiri a opulumuka Kungoti anathamangitsidwa m'dziko lapansi. zochita loopsa ndi maziko awa kuti sichitsata mantha.

Ivan Grozny ndi mzinda wa Orel

Chaka chino mzindawo pa Oka Mtsinje akukondwerera chikumbutso ake 450th. Mu 1566th mkulu wa Ivana Groznogo mwala woyamba chinaikidwa pano, amene chizindikiro cha kubadwa kwa kuthetsa yaing'ono, omwe udali ku mzinda wokongola ndi woyera. Polemekeza chochitika, olimbikitsa kuderali akufuna kuti kuimika chipilala Ivanu Groznomu mu Orel. Malinga ndi maulamuliro, ndalama chipilala anali kupatsidwa ndi amalonda ozungulira, ndipo bajeti sanali anakhala khobiri.

The chipilala latsopano amayenera adzatseguka August 3, 2016 pa mwambo wa Tsiku la Mphungu. Koma anthuwo masewera weniweni, ndipo kukachitika ndi kulephereka kwa 16 September. kamangidwe ka chipilala Ivanu Groznomu mu Orel anali mothandizidwa ndi mkulu wa mabishopu wa Moscow ndipo onse Russia Kirill. Kazembe, mothandizidwa ndi anthu oterowo mkulu analangizidwa kuti ntchito Osema asanu.

Chifukwa Ivana Groznogo - 155 othandiza Nimes. Sizoti Mphungu, komanso ngati matawuni akuluakulu anthu monga Ufa ndi Cheboksary. Ndipo kumbukirani muyenera izo. Izi anali ananena poyera kholo lakale, amene anakonza immortalize kukumbukira mfumu yoyamba mu zamkuwa.

Zokambirana pa chipilala Ivanu Groznomu

Anthu ambiri kwambiri kukanganiranabe chifukwa Eagle chipilala Ivanu Groznomu. Against iye zinalengedwa ndi olimbikitsa ufulu wa zisudzo m'deralo (pa lalikulu pafupi nyumba ya chikhalidwe ayenera osiyanasiyana maonekedwe a mfumu), olekerera wa chipani cha m'dera "Yabloko", komanso US Air Force Channel. Soulmates ogwirizana magulu, kulenga m'dera Intaneti wolimbikitsa anthu. Bwanamkubwa akuyesetsa kuthetsa nkhaniyo wakuti Choncho amalipira msonkho Ivanu Groznomu ngati umunthu mbiri, woyambitsa wa mzinda, munthu wopondereza wamagazi. Mwina chipilala izi Orel adzakhala bwino woyamba ndi kuyembekeza kuti padzakhala chipilala Ivanu Groznomu mu Moscow, si koyenera, ndipo ngakhale koposa choncho.

Chipilala mu Vladimir

Monga akunenera akuluakulu a m'dera Vladimir, 6 August 2016 mwala nayikidwa kwa unsembe wa chipilala ina Ivanu Groznomu. Adzakhululukidwa inali kutsogolo kwa nyumba yake mu Alexander msasawu m'dera Vladimir. ntchito ndi zitatu mita chipilala walenga Vasiliem Selivanovym ndipo adzakhala okonzeka November. Oyamba inyamuka Tsiku National Umodzi.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Alexander Sloboda anali okhala Ivan m'khutu mu nthawi zambiri lovutali. Zinali pano anamaliza kugwirizana kwa dziko ndipo anapereka nyumba yake ndi chinachake chonga likulu. Kwa nthawi yaitali anakhala kuno ndi banja lake ndiponso anthu ake. nyumba zazikulu inamangidwa ndi Ivan atate wake zinalengedwa ndi zabwino amisiri Russian ndi Chitaliyana amene akumanga Moscow Kremlin.

Mu Alexander Kremlin misonkhano yonse zamtendere ndi akazembe a Sweden, Denmark, ndi Polish-Chilituyaniya Commonwealth ndi m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya. Ndi pano anasamukira mfumu kumenyana ufulu Novgorod ndipo pano, malinga ndi nthano, anali chisoni anapha mwana wa woyamba Russian tsar. Kotero pali chiyembekezo kuti chipilala adzakhala Ivanu Groznomu, ngati si mu Orel, osachepera Aleksandrov.