History of Smolensk: tsiku la kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk

Pafupifupi mudzi uliwonse Russian ali wapadera yake amunamuna nkhani, koma lero tiona St. Petersburg - mmodzi wa mizinda yakale Russian, ili 400 Km from Moscow, motsogozedwa kum'mwera kumadzulo. Pamaso tafika pa mutu wa "Tsiku la kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk kwa adani Nazi" Kumbukirani mwachidule nkhani yaikulu ndi mzinda chapakati Smolensk, amene ali wolemera kwambiri mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana.

mzinda Linga

Kutchula koyamba za Smolensk opezeka Ustiug mbiri, analembedwa zaka 862-865. Ndi 882, mzindawo unali mbali ya boma Kievan, Prince Oleg analanda ndi transmits kuti ulamuliro wa Prince Igor. Iye anawonekera mu njira malonda mbiri yakale. Smolensk anali malo aakulu a malonda ndi ntchito zamanja, omwe anakhala kwa Asilavo pakati fuko Krivichy ndi linga asilikali.

Funso kwa tsiku la kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk ku Nazi kuti amvetsetse bwino chithunzi ichi, muyenera pang'ono bwino ndi zochitika ochepa zikuluzikulu mumzindawo. Pang'onopang'ono, ndi osauka chuma, m'zaka XII, izo ananyamuka ku likulu ndi chikhalidwe cha Smolensk ukulu. anthu a mumzindawo anatsogolera ntchito yolimbikitsa, malamulo ndi mgwirizano kuyambira 1229, ndi mitundu Baltic ndi Riga. Mu nthawi ya zaka kuyambira 1404 mpaka 1514, mzindawo unali mbali ya Grand Duchy la Lithuania.

Nkhondo mzindawo

Mu 1410 Smolensk maalumali ndi Polish ndi Chilituyaniya mayunitsi asilikali nawo Nkhondo ya Grunwald.

Mu 1596-1602 gg. Smolensk anali atazunguliridwa ndi mpanda wamiyala linga inamangidwa ndi mmisiri wa Smolenschiny Fedor Kon. Izi linga ndi dzina la mwala mkanda Russian dziko.

Pa chitetezo cha Smolensk, amene Ming'oma zaka 1609-1611. Mzinda The anagwira Zitsulo mu 1654, Iye anapambana Russian.

Tsiku za ufulu wa Smolensk ku French

Mu mbiri ya Smolensk ndikofunika kutchula chaka 1812 - panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri, pamene mzindawo unali pansi nkhondo ogwirizana Russian asilikali a Bagration ndi Barclay de A Tolly ndi asilikali Napoleon a. Kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk kwa wolakika French zinachitika November 4, 1812. mzinda Smolensk pa nthawi iyi anali wolemera kuonongeka.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX unakhala likulu mzinda wa mizere asanu sitima, choncho ndalama mzinda mwamsanga kwambiri. Pa chiyambi cha XIX atumwi panali 20 mafakitale ndi malonda mabizinezi. Mu 1929, St. Petersburg - pakati pa dera kumadzulo.

September 25 - tsiku la kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk ku ankhondowo German

Pamene German lopondereza ankhondowo anaukira Soviet Union, patatha masabata awiri, kukhala yeniyeni, pa July 10, anali makoma a Smolensk.

Pa dera la dera Smolensk kwa masabata loyamba la nkhondo ndi kowopsa zinachitika kwambiri nkhondo yadzaoneni, amene ndiyeno dzina mbiri - Smolensk kumbuyo nkhondo. Ndi miyezi iwiri pochedwetsa isanayambike ankhondowo German wa Moscow, kabukuka kakuthandizani likulu kukonzekera kukakumana ndi mdani mosapsatira. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti kugwa kwa dongosolo Hitler lamkunkhuniza.

The Nkhondo ya Smolensk , asilikali a Soviet anawononga asilikali 250 zikwi ndi akapitawo a Wehrmacht. asilikali Soviet 16 TH 19 TH 20 TH Army mu kumenyana yovuta kwambiri ndi oopsa m'chigawo Smolensk amayesetsa Solovieva kuwoloka, Dukhovshchina, Yelnia Yartsev ndi molimba mtima akulimbana kuukira lamphamvu kwambiri pa German asilikali gulu "Center".

Tsiku za ufulu wa Smolensk anali akadali kutali kwambiri. July 16, 1941 Smolensk anali kulamulidwa ndi Anazi pa July 29 - nagwa Zadneprovskaya wa dera Smolensk.

Occupation ndi zigawenga

asilikali Soviet sanasiye mphamvu zoposa za mdani, ndipo anakakamizika ndikupereka Smolensk. M'matawuni ndi kumidzi kulamulidwa ndi Germany. Komabe, m'midzi m'dera adani opareshoni 120 mayunitsi olimbanawo ndi detachments.

Kenako, asilikali pafupifupi 10 zikwi, ndi akapitao, partisans ndi mobisa dera Smolensk anali kuperekedwa kwa mphoto ya, mphoto aulemu ndi mendulo, anthu 56 anapatsidwa udindo Hero wa Soviet Union, pakati pawo mkulu wa zigawenga wagawo Grishin sv ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo Peter Galetsky Vladimir Kurylenko.

chigonjetso

Akukhulupirira kuti September 25, 1943 - tsiku la kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk (zithunzi za nthawi yomwe inadutsa onse utoto zoopsa chiwonongeko choopsa ndi chisoni zimene zinachitikira dziko lathu). Ngati tsatanetsatane kutsatira mfundo za mbiri yakale, kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk ntchito zinachitika kuyambira August mpaka October 1943 ndipo anali kachidindo wotchedwa "Suvorov".

Ngakhale kuti asilikali Soviet sanali amphamvu luso zipangizo ndiponso anthu okwanira, Smolensk akali kwathunthu ku ukapolo mdani.

Smolensk dera pamaso nkhondoyo ukuyanga dera, pambuyo pa nkhondo mzinda Roslavl, Gzhatsk, Vyazma, Yartsevo inasanduka bwinja ndi.
Mu Smolensk cha 8000 nyumba 7300 unatenthedwa. Nazi mwankhanza ndi mfuti wamba 350 zikwi, mwa iwo okha Smolensk anapha 135,000.

Mbali ya Western Front, ndi 70 mankhwala anapatsidwa dzina laulemu "Smolensk", "Yartsevkie", "Roslavl". Pa tsiku la kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk mu Moscow anapatsidwa sawatcha 244 mfuti a artzalpami 20.

maulemu

Mkulu wa Soviet Army P. F. Klepach chipinda cha hotelo "Smolensk" imene ili ndi limodzi mwa mabuku ochepa anaima, anakweza mbendera wofiira. Mzinda wonse anali pafupifupi kuwonongedwa, koma pambuyo chigonjetso wathunthu wa asilikali athu German lopondereza pasanathe zaka khumi, mzinda linakhalanso ndi kumangidwanso.

Mu 1966, mzinda wa Smolensk analandira Order a kukonda dziko lako nkhondo digiri Ine, Order la Lenin mu 1983 ndipo mutu wa Hero City May 6, 1985.

Kuti amaona bwino za izo, pamene inu pitani Smolensk kukaona wapadera ndi imodzi yabwino World nkhondo II owonetsera zakale. Smolensk, komanso dziko lonse la Smolensk, yatcheredwa ndi manda misa ndi zipilala. Apa nsanje kusunga kukumbukira mwa anthu, anthu samaiwala amene anamenya nkhondo imfa nkhondo yolimbana ndi adaniwo.