Information about Pushkin. Chithunzi cha Pushkin

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin anali wolemba ndakatulo woyamba, kunyada kwa mabuku athu. Ndi iye amene anayambitsa luso la Chirasha la mawu ojambula pakati pa opambana kwambiri. Zambiri zokhudza Pushkin ndizofunikira kuti aziphunzira mu maphunziro a sukulu. Ntchito zake ndizofunikira kwambiri chikhalidwe cha ku Russia.

Zithunzi za Pushkin zimasindikizidwa m'mabuku ambiri, ndipo kotero aliyense amadziwa maonekedwe apamwamba a ndakatulo, akuyimira gulu lauzimu lachinsinsi.

Banja la ndakatulo

Banja la Pushkin linali ndi anthu ambiri aluso. Vasily Lvovich, yemwe anali wolemba ndakatulo wolemba ndakatulo, wolemba ndakatulo wabwino kwambiri, chifukwa cha zomwe adadziwika kuti ndi wotchuka m'kati mwake. Bambo ake, Sergei Lvovich, ankalankhula bwino French.

Nthaŵi zonse kunali alendo ambiri m'nyumba, ndipo madzulo a bambo a Pushkin ankawerenga ndakatulo zake m'Chifalansa. Komabe, kubadwa kwa makolo a Alexander kunalibe chidwi cholera ana. Pushkin yaing'ono inathera nthawi yambiri ya ubwana wake pansi pa kuphunzitsidwa kwa aphunzitsi, amalume a Nikita Kozlov, komanso nanny wokondedwa wake - Arina Rodionovna. Zithunzi za anthu omwe ndakatuloyo ankakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka kwambiri, kenaka anawonetseratu masewera ambiri a ntchito zake. Arina Rodionovna adakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a umunthu wa Alexander Sergeevich, adawathandiza kuti azindikire za dziko lozungulira. Kuchokera pamilomo yake Pushkin kakang'ono anamva chiwerengero chachikulu cha zitsanzo zosangalatsa za anthu. Pambuyo pake anapanga maziko a ntchito zake zina.

Nkhani za Pushkin zimapereka umboni wa nkhani zomwe zimamveka kuyambira ali mwana kuchokera kwa Arina Rodionovna. Pambuyo pake, adatchuka kwambiri pakati pa ana ndi akulu. Nkhani za Pushkin zamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo zina ndipo zinafalitsidwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.

Nthawi ya ophunzira

Zokhudza Pushkin zili ndi gawo lofunikira pa moyo wa wolemba ndakatulo ku Lyceum. Chakumapeto kwa 1811, Alexander Sergeevich anayamba maphunziro ake ku Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Zomwe analenga zinathandiza wolemba ndakatulo kukhala ndi luso lake. Kale mu 1814, "Mtumiki wa ku Ulaya" akufalitsa ndakatulo yotsutsa "Kwa bwenzi la wolemba ndakatulo", yemwe analembapo anali Pushkin wachinyamata. Patapita miyezi ingapo, owerenga amadziwa bwino ntchito yachiwiri ya Alexander Sergeevich, yomwe inapambana chigonjetso chachikulu - "Kukumbutsa ku Tsarskoe Selo".

Pakati pa anzako wolemba ndakatuloyu anali wotchuka chifukwa cha zochitika zake, zozizwitsa zozizwitsa m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana za Russian ndi French. Mu ndakatulo yolembedwa m'zaka za Lyceum, mphamvu za olemba mabuku ndizolembedwa. Ntchito ya Alexander Sergeevich yodzazidwa ndi chimwemwe, ndi chikondi. Koma maloto achikondi posachedwapa amalowetsedwa ndi zolemba zosavuta za elegiac. Yambani kupezeka madandaulo oyambirira, kukhumudwa ndi mkwiyo kwa moyo.

Amuna a Pushkin

Information about Pushkin ndi osagwirizana kwambiri ndi mayina a Batyushkov ndi Zhukovsky. Anali olemba ndakatulo omwe adathandizira kuti Alexander Sergeevich apange luso lojambula. Nthano za Batyushkov zinapangidwa ndi Pushkin kuti apange mapulasitiki, zojambula ndi ntchito zowoneka ndi maso. Ndipo Zhukovsky adalenga anakhala maziko a nyimbo, nyimbo kulembedwa mu ndakatulo za ndakatulo wamng'ono. Pambuyo pake, Pushkin anayamba njira yake yofalitsira kayendedwe konyenga ka moyo.

Chilengedwe pambuyo pa mapeto a Lyceum

Kumapeto kwa lyceum mu 1817, Alexander Sergeevich anali kuyembekezera utumiki ku College of Foreign Affairs. Atakhazikika ku Petersburg, Pushkin amadziwika ndi zochitika zamasewera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, amagwira nawo mwakhama moyo wa anthu mumzindawu.

Panthawi imeneyi, pali ndondomeko yaulere m'ntchito za ndakatulo. Mu ndakatulo zake iye amatsogoleredwa ndi zolemba zapamwamba zogwirizana. Panthawiyi Pushkin analenga zinthu zowonongeka. Uthenga "Kwa Chaadayev" ndi umboni womveka wa izi.

Mavesi a Alexander Sergeevich adayambitsa chiyambi cha ndakatulo za ndakatulo za Decembrists. Chifukwa cha mpikisano, Pushkin anali pafupi ngakhale kulipira ufulu wake. Chifukwa cha pempho la abwenzi, chilangocho chinasankhidwa kuti chichepetse, koma chilango chinasankhidwa mosiyana. Wolemba ndakatuloyu anadwala kwambiri ndipo anatumizidwa ndi achibale ku malo okwerera ku Caucasus ndi ku Crimea. Apa ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya Alexander Sergeevich - "Eugene Onegin" amabadwa. Panthawi ya kum'mwera, Alexander Sergeevich ankakhudzidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha Caucasus ndi dera lakuda la Crimea. Inde, izi zinakhudza ndakatulo zolembedwa ndi iye. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi chilengedwe "Kuwala kwawala ...", komwe kunalengedwa panjira kuchokera ku Feodosia.

Nthawi ya ukapolo inagwira ntchito yofunikira pakupanga mapangidwe a ndakatulo. Pa nthawiyi, chitukuko chake chachangu chachitika mwa kugwira ntchito mwakhama, kuwerenga ndi kulingalira kwakukulu.

Maumboni, akuluakulu osafuna, ndi chiyanjano chatsopano

Panthawiyi, ulemerero wa ndakatulo unakula ndi ntchito iliyonse yosindikizidwa. Dzina la Pushkin limapangitsa mantha ndi kulemekeza pakati pa owerenga. Zolengedwa zatsopano zimalandira mayankho amphamvu m'mitima ya mafani a talente yake. Mavesi aulere a Pushkin analetsedwa, komabe, anthu ambiri anali ndi nthawi yowawerengera. Ichi chinali chifukwa chothandizira makalata achinsinsi a ndakatulo. Emperor Alexander I anapeza mndandanda wa uthenga uwu ndi mutu wosavomerezeka, umene Alexander Sergeevich anatumizidwa kudziko lakutali "kumpoto kumpoto".

Panthawi ya ukapolo watsopano, gawo lofunika la mapangidwe a Pushkin akupezeka. Mu uthenga wake kwa mnzako, adalemba kuti chitukuko cha mphamvu za uzimu chinafika kwa ophulika ake: "Ndikhoza kulenga." Panali nthawi yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa "Boris Godunov."

Gwiritsani ntchito "Onegin"

Palibe cholengedwa chinatenga nthawi yochuluka komanso kupirira kuchokera ku Pushkin, zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Eugene Onegin. Apa, zochitika zonse za alangizi ndi maluso atsopano a wolemba ndakatuloyo anagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa ichi iye adavomereza chigawo chatsopano cha ufulu wolenga wa olemba, potero atsegula nthawi yatsopano mu zolembedwa za Chirasha.

Kufufuza ndi kuyang'anitsitsa

Mu 1826 kufufuza kumeneku kunatsimikizira kuti Pushkin sanagwirizane ndi chifukwa cha a Decembrists, kotero Nicholas ine ndinamuitanira iye kuchokera ku ukapolo. Panthawiyi, mfumu imalengeza kuti iye adzakhala wolemba ndakatulo wolemba ndakatulo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, moyo ndi ntchito za Alexander Sergeevich zili pansi poyang'aniridwa ndi apolisi. Pambuyo pake akuvomereza kuti "ufulu" woperekedwa ndi Nicholas I sali wabwino kuposa "ukapolo" wa Alexander I. Zinali zopanda pake kuyambitsa mikangano iliyonse poyang'anitsitsa ndi mfumu.

Pushkin inali yotayika kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha dzikoli. Kusintha kwa nyengo kwa nyengo, kuyambika kwa mavuto aumphawi kunauza wolemba ndakatulo kufunika kwa njira zatsopano zofotokozera, pambali iyi, zinatenga nthawi kuti zikhalepo. Nkhani zokhudza Pushkin ndipoti imodzi yokha yomalizidwa ntchito panthawiyo - ndi ndakatulo "Poltava".

Pushkin ndi Goncharova

Ngakhale kuti ankakonda kuchita zosangalatsa ndi atsikana osiyanasiyana, atakumana ndi Natalia Goncharova, ndakatuloyo inakhazikika pansi. Natalia anali wokongola wotchuka, anali ndi anthu okonda kwambiri, ndipo ponena za izi, Alexander Sergeyevich akuyankha evasively koyamba. Patangotha zaka ziwiri zokha Pushkin ankadziwika kuti adakwanitsa kukwaniritsa malo a Goncharova, ndipo anakhala mkazi wake.

Chomwecho "chopindulitsa" cha ntchitoyi chinali kugwa kwa 1830. Potsirizira pake, kutha kwa "Eugene Onegin" kunayikidwa, kumene wolemba ndakatuloyo anadzipereka zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Pali bukhu la "Belkin's Tales", "Zovuta Kwambiri", nkhani yakuti "The Lodge ku Kolomna".

Bronze Horseman

Chithunzi cha Pushkin chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi ndakatulo yayikulu Bronze Horseman. Ntchitoyi ndi nkhani yokhudza kale, zamakono ndi zamtsogolo za dziko la Russia. Lili lodzaza ndi tanthauzo la filosofi ndi zofunikira za mbiri yakale. Kufotokozera kwa chifaniziro chosagwirizana cha likululikulu kunakhudza ntchito ya olemba ndakatulo ambiri a m'zaka za m'ma 1900.

Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yodalirika, yodzaza ndi tanthauzo lalikulu, Alexander Pushkin anatsegula nthawi yatsopano mu mabuku a Chirasha. Masalmo ake adakhudza anthu ena olemba ndakatulo.

Udindo waukulu mu maphunziro a umunthu umawonetsedwa ndi ntchito za Alexander Sergeevich. Sizachilendo kuti ana a sukulu aziyika chithunzi cha Pushkin, chifukwa anali mbuye weniweni wa mawu ojambula bwino ndi amene analenga chinenero chamakono chamakono.