Nthumwi causative wa tizilombo ta matenda. Matenda a tizilombo ta matenda, zizindikiro, chithandizo

Tizilombo ta matenda - matenda opatsirana. Iwo ali Mwina mkulu wa imfa. tizilombo ta matenda - Bacillus anthracis. Pachiopsezo anthu amene amagwira ntchito pa minda, monga matenda limapezeka kupyolera mukulumikizana ndi nyama. The matenda tizilombo ta matenda, chithunzi cha zotsatira okhoza kuwopseza aliyense, ndi oopsa pa zifukwa zotsatirazi: izo si chinthu chachilendo mu dziko nyama, matenda tizilomboto spores m'nthaka kwa nthawi yaitali anali ng'ombe maliro, matenda akuthamanga molimbika ndi kupereka mavuto.

mafotokozedwe

Kachilombo ka anthrax ndi lalikulu lokhazikika. Ngakhale mu thupi la munthu kapena nyama, ndipamene kapisozi chilengedwe - kuzitsutsa.

Spores wa wothandizila causative akhoza ukhale kwa zaka 10 mu nthaka, mu manda ng'ombe - mpaka kasanu yaitali. Iwo sali mantha ozizira ndi kutentha, iwo kupulumuka mu njira ya oyeretsa ndi chlorine oyeretsa ndi otentha kuoneka kwa mphindi 7.

Aliyense ali bwino nthawi imene tizilombo ta matenda yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zigawenga ndi kufalitsa mu envulopu.

Mawonekedwe vegetative mabakiteriya amwalira mwamsanga disinfection ndi kuwira. Kachilombo ka anthrax ndi amasamukira mu kugona mawonekedwe, ndi kukhala achangu m'mikhalidwe yabwino chilengedwe.

nkhani

Kuyambira kale, tizilombo ta matenda anakantha anthu. More Homer ndi Hippocrates anatchula izo monga "ngodya wopatulika". Mu Middle Ages matenda amadzinenera miyoyo ya anthu ambiri ndi nyama m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Nthawi yoyamba matendawa yatchedwa m'zaka XVII. Russian wasayansi S. Andrew anasonyeza kuti tizilombo ta matenda nyama ndi anthu - ndi chimodzi ndi matenda omwewo omwe amapezeka mwa okha-matenda. Iye n'kukagwiritsa matendawa dzina pano.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX Lui Paster anakhoza kulenga katemera choyamba. Iye anayambitsa nyama attenuated kupsyinjika mabakiteriya tizilombo ta matenda, zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale chitetezo chokwanira. Pasteur anatha kutsimikizira kufunika kwa katemera kuteteza matenda.

Bungwe la WHO linati milandu 20 zikwi za tizilombo ta matenda chaka chilichonse. maphunziro ndi yofuna kukonza katemera ndi kupitiriza ntchito yake. Mu 2010, US asayansi anatha kuyambitsa jini wa tizilombo ta matenda mu matupi fodya. Chifukwa cha zimenezi zomera anayamba kupangidwa Antigen kuti ankagwiritsa ntchito pa chilengedwe cha katemera latsopano, pafupifupi zotsatira palibe mbali.

ndondomeko AIDS

tizilombo ta matenda Human kamafalikira kudzera ziweto. Osati munthu atenge matenda a nkhuku, koma angathe kunyamula spores pa nthenga, chiombankhanga ndi milomoyo.

Tizilombo ta matenda Bacillus wodwala mu ndowe za nyama, magazi, madzi tochoka mphuno ndi mkamwa. Mu nthaka ndi madzi exciter adjudged ndi mkodzo ndi ndowe.

Nthaka pa malo a mlandu mtima amakhala ng'ombe kachilombo komanso nyama zakutchire, kutengedwera mtembo, timatha kufalitsa matenda ndi makilomita ambiri.

Kuwonongeka kwa munthu wina ndi mzake si Choncho, mlingo wa matenda anthu zimadalira mliri nyama.

Infection zikhoza kupangidwa mwa nthaka, anakumana ndi mankhwala kachilombo nyama, mu kukhazikitsa nyama unamwino, pa kutsegula kwa matupi awo kudzera zoipa khungu, chakudya ndi mpweya Mpweya.

M'mayiko African kumene tizilombo ta matenda nyama makamaka zofala, kufala ake kuti anthu angayambe mwa kuluma tizilombo m'magazi woyamwa.

Amene ali pa chiopsezo

Pali magulu angapo a anthu amene makamaka poyera kuti kusatetezeka:

• ogwira ntchito Chowona Zanyama mu kukumana ndi nyama;
• opanga, ogulitsa ndi ogula malonda zopangidwa ubweya zachilengedwe ndi ubweya, kunja kwa madera kumene matendawa ndi ofala;
• alenje;
• asilikali ndi magulu ena a nzika zili m'madera mliri wa;
• anthu ntchito mu Laboratories, mu mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi wothandizila causative wa tizilombo ta matenda.

kuwanda

No dziko tizilombo ta matenda si inawonongedwa. Iwo zambiri zopezeka mu Africa ndi ku South America komanso ku Asia. Ku Ulaya, mliri limapezeka nthawi kum'mwera kwa izo, pa Black Sea ndi chigwa Mediterranean. Atsogoleri pa chiwerengero cha odwala ndi tizilombo ta matenda ndi Turkey, Iran ndi Iraq.

Mu Russia, nthawi zambiri matenda kumachitika mu dera North Caucasus. Chifukwa chachikulu pakuwonekera kwake mu dziko lathu ndi kupha nyama ndi kachilombo popanda chenjezo utumiki uwu Chowona Zanyama ndi popanda miyezo zofunika decontamination.

Makamaka kufala kwa matenda:

• m'mayiko osauka matenda zikadzatha kukumana ndi nyama, kuwasamalira, zophera;
• m'mayiko olemera matenda makamaka kudzera ulimi wa chakudya nyama.

gulu la matenda

Pali mitundu zotsatirazi wa tizilombo ta matenda:

• khungu;
• E .;
• m'mapapo mwanga.

Cutaneous limapezeka kaŵirikaŵiri (pafupifupi 95% milandu). Zimakhala karbunkuloznoy (ambiri), bullosa, endematoznoy ndi erizipeloidnoy.

M'mapapo mwanga ndipo matumbo njira zambiri amaphatikizidwa pansi dzina lina - zowombetsa mkota kapena zilonda septic. Pasanathe nthaŵi zambiri mawonekedwe matumbo a matenda (zosakwana 1%).

Zizindikiro za matendawa

The zobisika nthawi ya matenda ukhoza kwa maola angapo kapena sabata. Popeza ingress wa wothandizira munthuyo pamaso zizindikiro woyamba zingatenge mosiyanasiyana nthawi (malinga ndi njira za matenda). Mu ndondomeko mpweya ndi chitukuko matenda matenda chakudya amapezeka mphezi, ndi imfa kumachitika mwa masiku angapo.

Kaya limagwirira tizilombo ta matenda a chitukuko ali yemweyo: poizoniyo kumawononga ziwiya, kumaphwanya permeability zawo, kuchititsa kutupa, kutupa ndi imfa ya zotengeka.

Ambiri karbunkuloznaya tizilombo ta matenda (chithunzi causative wothandizila amaperekedwa m'munsimu).

Isanayambike matenda amakhala ndi maonekedwe pa khungu pa malo a matenda a wofiira mawanga kulowa, pambuyo ponditembenukira mu papule ndiyeno - mu vesicle mtundu mdima. Lopnuv, ndi vesicle adziwonetsa chamtunduwu m'mbali anakweza padziko limene vesicles latsopano uonekere. Patapita nthawi mliri wa wakuda eschar aumbike, ofanana ndi khungu yopsereza. Tilinazo chimakwirira padziko nkhanambo kusiyiratu. Akunja n'zofanana ndi khala kwachititsa kuti zikamera wa dzina lakale Russian wa tizilombo ta matenda - Ugljevik.

Padziko khungu akhudzidwa limapezeka edema. Ndi zoopsa pamene kalabankulo pa nkhope ndi kungayambitse kutupa kwa Airways ndi imfa.

Matendawa limodzi ndi malungo, zopweteka, mutu. Patapita milungu ingapo ya chilonda machiritso ndi chilonda aonekera.

Yodziwika Endematoznaya tizilombo ta matenda edema, bacteremia limapezeka pa nthawi ya matenda ndiponso ndi lalikulu kukula.

Pamene bullosa zosiyanasiyana matenda pa malo pachipata cha matenda kuoneka thovu kuti pambuyo nayenso autopsy mu zilonda.

M'mapapo mwanga mawonekedwe a matenda limatchedwa matenda a sorters ubweya. mabakiteriya tizilombo ta matenda mpweya mu mapapo, ndiyeno - mu mwanabele, yomwe inadzakhala chofuna. Poyamba, wodwalayo ndi mkulu malungo, kupweteka m'chifuwa, ndi kufooka. Patapita masiku angapo, kufupika kwa mpweya ndi kuchepetsedwa misinkhu mpweya magazi. Kamodzi mu mapapo, tizilombo ta matenda ndi kufalikira mofulumira mu thupi la munthu. Nthawi zambiri pali kutsokomola magazi, X-ray tingasonyeze pamaso pa chibayo, wodwalayo thupi kutentha zambiri kukacha digiri 41. Pali edema m'mapapo mwanga ndi matenda a mtima, chifukwa pakhoza kukhala kukha mwazi muubongo.

Utatha tizilomboto mu thupi limodzi chakudya ndi chakumwa anayamba mawonekedwe matumbo a tizilombo ta matenda. Gawo loyamba la matenda kumatenga pafupifupi 2 masiku namtsata ndi zilonda zapakhosi, kutentha thupi, malungo. Kenako, zizindikiro zimenezi akuwonjezeka akusanza magazi, kupweteka m'mimba, kutsekula m'mimba. Pali mtima kulephera, nkhope amakhala wofiirira kapena bluish mtundu, papules anapanga pakhungu. Pamene m'mimba tizilombo ta matenda zikuoneka imfa ya wodwala.

Pamene septic mawonekedwe a matenda mofulumira, pali kuledzera, magazi mkati. The chifukwa ngati matenda akhoza kukhala poizoni mantha.

diagnostics

Laboratory matenda a tizilombo ta matenda monga:

• serological mayesero ;
• bacteriological kafukufuku;
• Khungu ndi ziwengo mayesero.

Pamene mtundu cutaneous matendawa dokotala wanena matenda amasintha khungu wodwalayo. Ngati pali kukayikitsa mawonekedwe m'mapapo mwanga, kuchita pachifuwa X-ray ndi mapanga sikani, kutenga swabs ku mphuno ndi sputum zitsanzo.

wothandizila opatsirana amathanso titsimikize ndi zochepa chabe pamalangizo magazi kwa bakiteriya chikhalidwe kupenda zitsanzo za madzimadzi m'mimba, lumbar puncture, kusanthula scrapings khungu.

zosokonezeka zotheka

Tizilombo ta matenda zingachititse kutupa ubongo, mapapo, magazi m'mimba, matenda oumitsa khosi. M'njira zowombetsa mkota wa matenda zambiri akufotokozera mantha poizoni.

chithandizo

Odwala ayenera kukhala mu dipatimenti matenda, mwina kumene choopsa cha matenda - mu odwala mwakayakaya. Palibe sangathe anatsegula kalabankulo, kotero kuvala ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi kusamala kwambiri. Mu mawonekedwe zowombetsa mkota wa matenda wodwala sayenera kukhala pansi review zonse, nthawi kuteteza mantha poizoni.

Nthumwi causative wa tizilombo ta matenda anawononga mankhwala. Ntchito masiku 7-14 malingana ndi kuopsa kwa matenda. Imodzi ndi mankhwala kutumikiridwa kwa wodwala protivosibiroyazvenny immunoglobulin. Khungu anakhudzidwa amaliona ndi antiseptics. Kunyumba, mankhwala a tizilombo ta matenda n'zosatheka.

kaonedwe

Tingafinye odwala ndi mawonekedwe cutaneous matendawa zikadzatha amamuyambitsa timabala wa khungu akhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe zowombetsa mkota ayenera kukhala kuchira bwino ndi awiri zoipa mayeso bacteriological.

Nthawi zambiri kuyambitsa m'mapapo mwanga imfa ndi mawonekedwe matumbo a matenda. Pamene cutaneous tizilombo ta matenda wathunthu kuchira amapezeka kukachitika kuti anapereka chithandizo yake.

Anthu pokhudzana ndi wothandizila causative wa tizilombo ta matenda, pasanathe masiku 60 kutenga mankhwala.

Kupewa: mwachidule

Yopangidwa Chowona Zanyama ndi zaumoyo kupewa matenda a anthrax.

Services Chowona Zanyama ayenera kudziwa nyama yowola akutsatiridwa ndi mankhwala kapena kupha. Wagwa ng'ombe kupopera mankhwala ndi kuwonongedwa, pamene inayamba disinfection matenda.

ogwira ntchito ayenera:

• kuyan'ana litsatidwe ambiri malamulo ukhondo;
• yake matenda ndi mankhwala a matenda;
• kuyendera ndi mankhwala a matenda moto;
• katemera.

Pali sibiroyazvennaya katemera kuti molondola amateteza nyama ku matenda. Minda katemera ikuchitika mosachotsera, koma si anthu onse amene ali ng'ombe ndi mu umwini payekha, timvetse kufunika kwa njirayi.

The miyeso waukulu kupewa matenda a anthrax

• Katemera wa pachaka wa ng'ombe ndi tizilombo ta matenda;
• mafotokozedwe a malamulo a ntchito Chowona Zanyama ya kupha nyama kuti anafa tizilombo ta matenda;
• chitetezo chodalirika zifukwa manda ndi malo a mliri wa;
• chokana kugula nyama yomwe alibe manyazi a ntchito Chowona Zanyama, komanso zikopa ndi ubweya ndi manja;
• kuyatsa nyama zakufa ndi kachilombo tizilombo ta matenda, kutenthedwa pansi kumene anagona nyama odwala, disinfection wa malo oyeretsa;
• overlaying kwaokha kumalo kumene matenda ng'ombe anapeza tizilombo ta matenda;
• katemera anthu amene akatswiri ntchito amagwirizana ndi chiopsezo cha matenda kuchepa monga tizilombo ta matenda (katemera chomveka kwa chaka chimodzi);
• kuchititsa anaziika thanzi pa mabizinezi processing zipangizo nyama yaiwisi;
• wothandizila opatsirana zikhale chakudya, kotero kusamala malamulo processing ndi kuphika nyama ndi mkaka.