Mtima insufficiency

Mtima insufficiency amapezeka pafupifupi 1-2% ya chonse cha anthu. Chotero boma nthawi zonse chifukwa cha matenda aliwonse. Nthawi zambiri, tidzapeza matenda a mtima dongosolo. Zikuphatikizapo cardiomyopathy, angina, m'mnyewa wamtima infarction, kupunduka mtima.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa minofu mtima akapsa kuphwanya kotunga magazi m'thupi, chifukwa kufooka kwake ndi ntchito osagwira wa ikukoka ntchito yake.

Mtima insufficiency amakhala ngati akufuna pathological limene pali kuchepa tonus a minofu yosalala makoma chotengera. Izi amakwiya hypotension, chisokonezo mu kubwerera venous ndi nthenda yotaya magazi.

Mtima insufficiency chifukwa zotupa chachikulu chikhalidwe cha kulephera mtima limodzi ndi limba ndi ziwiya mosalephera anachita. Zimenezi amakhala ndi chikhalidwe compensatory. Choncho pachimake cardio mtima insufficiency limodzi ndi anachita, amene anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a vasoconstriction poyankha mmene zimagwirira pressor. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kukana mtima kwa nyengo ena, kuwonjezeka mlingo wa magazi ndi normalization wa kusowa magazi ziwalo zofunika za moyo. Mu aakulu chikhalidwe m'malo vasoconstriction akubwera hypertrophy maselo yosalala minofu ya makoma chotengera.

Ndi zikutha m'mayiko zimagwirira compensatory zoopsa mtima, mtima insufficiency akulowa. Izi amachepetsa okwana kukana zotumphukira, kwambiri kuwonjezera mitsempha yaing'ono, venules ndi capillaries.

Vuto ndondomeko imene mtima ayenera kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwa nthawi yaitali, kapena structural kuwonongeka kunachitika myocardium ndi, amakwiya kulephera kwa mtima ndi ziwiya. Monga mmene kuchita, nthawi zambiri boma anaona pa maziko a matenda monga inatsekeratu matenda mtsempha wamagazi, valvular matenda a mtima (yotengedwa ndi kobadwa nako), myocarditis, udindo hypertensive, cardiomyopathy. Komanso, matenda kumachitika mu matenda a endocrine chikhalidwe kagayidwe kachakudya zotupa, osakwanira zakudya.

Amayambitsa imfa (80% milandu) pa matenda a mtima ndi inatsekeratu mtsempha wamagazi matenda.

Matenda kungachititse zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Akatswiri magulu zitatu ziti etiological.

Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe ndi zotsatira mwachindunji kumasokoneza moyo myocardium lapansi. Izo zikhoza kukhala zoopsa thupi, mankhwala oopsa (mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ambiri osokoneza). Komanso mwachindunji sichikupindulitsani zotsatira mungathe, ndi zifukwa za chilengedwe (poizoni, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, majeremusi).

Gulu lachiwiri la zifukwa zikuphatikizapo zinthu zimene imfayo ndi zimamuchulukira khalidwe m'mnyewa wamtima zinchito. Zikuphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwambiri mu buku la magazi ukubwera kwa mtima ( "zimamuchulukira mphamvu"). Izi zingachitike pamene mtima vavu insufficiency, pamaso extracardiac ndi intracardiac shunts, ndi hypovolemia. zimamuchulukira ndi zinthu m'mnyewa wamtima kuwonjezera kukana pa ejection ku M'mimbamo wa magazi mtima ( "zimamuchulukira kuthamanga"). Pankhaniyi, kulephera mtima akufotokozera mu kukhalapo kwa hypertrophy m'mnyewa wamtima. Tikumbukenso kuti hypertrophy amapezeka mu dipatimenti thupi, amene akuchita ntchito kwambiri.

Ndipo gulu lachitatu zikuphatikizapo zinthu zimene zimakhudza mkhutu diastolic yamitsempha yamagazi kudzazidwa. chikhalidwe ichi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa Mbali yaikulu ya magazi kufalitsidwa buku (nthawi mantha amphamvu kapena kutaya magazi), ndi kuphwanya mu diastolic zosangalatsa za mtima pa psinjika madzi ake omwe amasonkhana mu pericardium (magazi, transudate, exudate).