Zojambulajambula Diego Rivera: yonena, zilandiridwenso, moyo

Mexico wojambula Diego Rivera, amene yonena ndi zonse zochitika zotsutsana ndi mfundo, ndi imodzi mwa ambiri maganizo ndi otchuka kanjedza chikhalidwe cha Mexico. ntchito yake, maganizo andale ndi moyo akhala adzitengere ulamuliro kwa zoyambirira za mazana makumi awiri ndi akadali mukukambirana.

Childhood ndi unyamata wa mmisiri

Izi muralist wojambula, woukira boma ndi wowonongayo mitima mkazi, wobadwa 8 December 1886 m'tauni Mexico ya Guanajuato. Iye anali kukhala tate wa Mexico School National wa Painting ndi otsutsa kutsogolera mu atikhaulitse mix ya masitaelo. The mnyamata sanali amasiyana ndi thanzi labwino, izo mphekesera kuti ali mwana, mwamwayi. Diego Rivera ankakonda nthano, koma amadziwika kuti 1893 banja lake anasamukira ku likulu mtundu - Mexico City. Patapita zaka 5, bwinobwino maphunziro ku sukulu, chithunzicho wachinyamata analowa Academy of Tirhana wa San Carlos. Bungweli anapatsa mnyamatayo maphunziro abwino kuti pa anamalizidwa, iye anali kupeza maphunziro. Kulanda mwayi, anapitiriza ulendo Spain. Kenako anapita England, Belgium, Holland ndi Italy.

moyo "wakudya"

Chifukwa chokonda kwambiri kwa akazi ndi maulalo ambiri Diego Rivera wakhala dzina "la wakudya". Iye yekha ankakonda kusonyeza kuti ngati lalikulu chule mwendo psinjika mu mtima wa munthu. Natural chidzalo ndi zikope katundu anachita kufanana ngakhale kunja noticeable. Pofotokoza moyo wa wojambula-wopanduka, kawirikawiri kulankhula za ukwati wake Fridoy Karlo. Koma iye sanali woyamba, koma makamaka mkazi yekhayo mu moyo wa Mlengi. Poyamba wachinyamata wokwatira Diego Rivera limodzi ndi chikondi mokhudza kwa Russian wojambula Angelina Belova mu 1911. Iwo anali mwana wamwamuna. Koma kutengeka ndi zikhumbo wosatha ndi mwamuna kusakhulupirika kumanzere Angelina, anapita ku Mexico. Wina m'banja yochepa ankakhala inatha pa ubwenzi ndi Lupe Marin. The Union wakhala kuberekana ndipo anapereka dziko aakazi awiri.

Mkazi ndi bwenzi

Ndi 1929, ukwati chachiwiri wathyola, anakumana ndi mayi a moyo wake kunyumba - Frida Carlo. Diego Rivera anakwatira mtsikana wamng'ono kwambiri kuposa iye. Mu 1939 panali banja, koma mu 1940 anali kukwatirana. Pa moyo wake, Rivera anakhalabe macho ndi mokhudza wokonda akazi. Iye anasintha akazi, mistresses, amene anabereka ana ake apathengo.

Ubwenzi Diego ndi Frida zinadzala ndi chilakolako, chikondi, nsanje, ndi nkhanza zina thupi. Frida ndi woleza mtima kwambiri ankachitira kwa antics mwamuna wake kuchilemekeza fano lake, analemba zambiri zithunzi zake. Koma pamene iye anasintha Frida ndi mlongo wake, mundikhululukire salinso ndikanathera, ndipo ndi 1939 ubwenzi unasweka. Posachedwapa, mwamuna yekha chipongwe zom'sudzula, anapempha mkazi wake kuti abwerere kwa iye pa mawu alionse. Iye anam'patsa ndi okhutira chuma ndipo anampatsa kufunika chachikulu. Chikhalidwe cha kukwatiranso anali kusaina mgwirizano ukwati, kupereka kukana kwathunthu kwa kugonana akazi. Mu moyo wake anakhalabe makona Diego Rivera, mkazi ndi mbuye.

Mu banja analibe ana, 2 Frida mimba idatha padera. Mu 1954, Rivera anakhala wamasiye, ndipo kenako anaonekera pa kopanda kuti anathandiza mkazi wake kufa, koma palibe kuposa mphekesera. Mpaka angapo apitawa kwa masiku amaphatikiza mfundo chikominisi ndi kukambirana ndi atsogoleri otchuka azandale Russian.

Wojambula ndale

Kuyambira kumayambiriro 30 ntchentche wa Diego Rivera wobwezera mtsogoleri yamphamvu mwa muralist Mexico. Iye ndi mmodzi mwa wotchuka kwambiri ndi maganizo ojambula zithunzi, amene ndale sympathies kuti chikominisi, kuwakakamiza murals aakulu ntchito mafunde kulenga ndi cikhalidwe analenga maonekedwe a namatetule wa. Chiyambi bambo latsopano luso kayendedwe ka zaka mazana makumi awiri ayamba chidwi kwa anthu padziko lonse.

Yaikulu kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu America udzachitike mu 1930 San Francisco, ndi mu December 1931 ndi Boom zochititsa chidwi unachitikira payekha chionetsero wake. Mu mbiri yonse ya nyumbayi, iyo inali chionetsero lachiwiri la wolemba chomwecho. Woyamba ulemu kupereka Anri Matiss. Pambuyo chionetserocho wojambula amene anatumizidwa Detroit, kumene iye anapempha Edsel Ford. Apa, mu mtima wa America mafakitale ndimaganiza wojambula Diego Rivera analandira lamulo kwa kuphedwa kwa murals kwa Institute Art pa mutu wa "Detroit Makampani". Henry Ford anali wotchuka chifukwa yoipa odana Communist. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1929 mpaka 1930 pa zomera Ford anakhalabe lova zikwi zingapo omenya. Ndi chidwi kuti, ngakhale, Diego Rivera, udindo wokha ngati womenya kwa proletarita ufulu kulandira kuti ndi kulipira pa tycoon lapansi.

Mbali ya mural ndi chiwembu zikuchokera "Katemera" ankaona kuti kutchula iconography wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu, ndipo izi chikwiyire namondwe wa mkwiyo kulalatira mu atolankhani ndiponso m'zipembedzo ndi Moore. Mokweza kumveka anthu wasanduka yofunika zikuluzikulu za frescoes n'kubwera Detroit mokweza ulemerero.

Man pamphambano ya

Maganizo andale a chithunzicho akamagwiritsa ntchito yake ndipo amayambitsa mikangano nkhanza makasitomala. The mural "Munthu pamphambano, kuyang'ana ndi chiyembekezo kusankha watsopano ndi wabwino m'tsogolo" n'chifukwa chimodzi cha milandu. Ntchito pa linayamba March 1933. mtsutso inkachitika pa siteji ya gulu kusankha, ndipo pamapeto pake anakhala akuda mural pa kuumirira kwa wolemba. Mpheroyi zigawo zitatu. Pakati pali munthu - mwini nyengo. Pamene ntchito mural wakhala zovuta zambiri ndi chifukwa kunali maiko awiri juxtaposed. Pa dzanja limodzi amasangalatsa lamadyerero, pa zina - zoopsa zonse za bizinesi. Mwa zilembo ngakhale amaoneka zina, zofanana kwambiri ndi Lenin. The mural anali akaonekere kwa anthu pa kutsegula kwa nyumba Rockefeller Center May 1, 1933. Koma zonse ikukula kumuyalutsa sanalole kuti zimenezi zichitike, ndipo ngakhale kuti Rockefeller banja akulingalira options kupulumutsa murali kunja kwa nyumbayo, anaganiza kuti amuphe. Zinali kugonjetsedwa lalikulu ntchito Rivera ndi ndale.

Impact pa zojambulajambula

"Diego zimandipatsa nkhawa. Anapereka ulemerero ankaona kuchita chimene iye akuchita tsopano "- kotero analankhula za bwenzi lake lapamtima Alfonso Reyes. The kusintha kwa Cubism choperekera Diego Rivera. Penti "The molemekeza Virigo" ndi "Mtsikanayo ndi zipatso" zimasonyeza gulu la wolemba umenewu. Mbali A ntchito posachedwapa wakhala olumala kumvetsa malo, ngakhale kutali cubism. Pa ntchito zanu zonse, chithunzicho ndi kutsindika pa kuyenda ndi kuchuluka kwa Edene.

chikoka chidwi mapangidwe Diego Rivera anali chakale European kalembedwe kupenta. Kuti murals nthawi XIV - XVI zaka anapereka chakudya kwambiri ndipo anathandizapo bwino frescoes Diego. Kuyambira 1940, iye anakwaniritsa bwino ndithu mu Zojambula pakhoma, kuti iye anaitanidwa kukagwira ntchito ku chionetsero World ku San Francisco, ndipo kenako anabweretsa boma kujambula Palace National ku Mexico City.

Akamaliza njira

Diego Rivera anamwalira pa November 24, 1957 mu Mexico City, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Rotunda aluso wotchuka. Iye anali kosagwirizana lonse. Ndi kufunitsitsa kuti muzikachita madongosolo a capitalists ndi, nalemekeza zokomera onse, kutsatira mfundo chikominisi. Iye anakonda akazi, koma anawononga likuwayenera ndi moyo ndi chilakolako chomwecho chimene anajambula zithunzi zawo. Diego Rivera, kalembedwe zomwe Sizingawathandize patsogolo kapena pambuyo, sankatha kubwereza wina aluso amene anasiya zinsinsi zambiri ndi zinsinsi kuti zaka zingapo sadzakhala zokwanira kuwathetsa.

Pambuyo retiring pa zaka 70, iye basi anapulumuka ndi mkazi wake wokondedwa - Frida ndipo anasiya cholowa chamtengo wapatali chikhalidwe, mbiri, ndale, ndi mitima ya anthu amene amamukonda.