Painting Khokhloma - Russian luso, amene anaonekera m'zaka 17

N'zosatheka kutchula zinaoneka Khokhloma kupenta, koma akuyenera kukhala, m'zaka 17. Pa kusintha mpingo, pamene okhulupirira Old anazunzidwa, iwo anapeza chitetezo nkhalango m'midzi. m'mizinda ikuluikulu atsekedwa kwa iwo mpaka kalekale. Koma iwo anali okha monga chakudya, ndiyeno iwo anaganiza zoyesa kusamutsa njira ya iconography ndi kukongoletsa pa katundu nkhuni. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndipo panali otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse kukaikira mazira zidole, amene anadzatchedwa "Hohloma".

Akukhulupirira kuti osafuna kusintha anatha kupulumutsa mipukutu yakale, zithunzi ndi osiyana nsalu wokonzedwa. Khokhloma kupenta inachokera pa iwo. Poyamba m'nyumba mwa ambuye anakhala yekha mwachindunji amisiri, anayamba nawo ndi zina Old Okhulupirira, komanso mamembala a kugalukira Solovetsky. Pa nthawi njira imeneyi moti ambiri, kuti linayamba chinkhoswe m'mudzi lonse. Ndipo m'mudzi wina akhoza kuchita kanthu, winayo - pogaya kunja mtengo, ndi wachitatu - kujambula. Kwambiri cha ntchito za amuna, akazi ufalikire ndi kutsiriza ntchito zosiyanasiyana ancillary. Tikumbukenso kuti ana kuyambira ndili wamng'ono anatenga nawo mbali pachithunzipa. Iwo, kumene, sakhulupirira kuphedwa ntchito yovuta, koma iwo mosavuta kupirira phunziroli kapena olifleniem.

Nthawi zambiri, Khokhloma kupenta unakhala wotchuka osati chifukwa cha ntchito zonse zinachitidwa pamanja. Pa nthawi imeneyo ndinalamula sanakhale anthu ambiri olemera mu Russia kugulitsa mankhwala pa mtengo. Chinthu ndi chimodzimodzi pa Koyamba, ziwiya zinthu zonse ndinayang'ana mu njira zosiyanasiyana. mbale zagolide anaika pa magombe a mtsinje wa Volga, ndiye chimadzera kuchokera apo kudutsa dziko. Komanso, ndi kupitirira malire a Russia anali wotchuka Russian Khokhloma. Zochitika za kupenta pa mbale zagolide, spoons kapena Koposa sanathe aliyense osayanjanitsika.

Chinthu chapadera cha Khokhloma ndi kuti alibe zidindo kapena zitsanzo. zikwapu zonse ankanyamula mbuye, iye anatulukira pafupifupi pa amapita. Koma pali malamulo kwa maziko. Pankhani luso yopanga pachiyambi, matabwa koyamba phunziroli. Izi zinali zofunikira kuti asindikize mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndi madzi-impermeable. Kenako ananyamula putty, zomwe cholinga chake chinali kubisa mfundo dents ang'ono ndi zolakwika zina otsalira pambuyo ntchito Turner lapansi. Kenako oliflenie kuchitikira popanda wokutira zotayidwa ufa (ankafunika kupereka golide hue mawonekedwe) amakhala ovuta. Ndipo Ndiyeno adziwe kupenta kwambiri. Pantchito zosamvetsetseka maburashi anagona pa pamalo ovuta kwambiri. Choncho, Russian Khokhloma - kupenta, chithunzi umene mumpanda kukongola kuti Tingaone kwenikweni. Mu ambiri ziwiya zakale apulumutsidwa, amene chilengedwe kunayamba m'ma 18. Monga ulamuliro, dongosolo Tingaone chikondi cha chibadwidwe, amene kudzera mwa aliyense mlimi Nkhani wake.

Khokhloma kupenta sanataye tanthauzo lake mpaka lero. Kumene, luso chi wakhala zambiri zosiyanasiyana, anapeza zotsutsana chonchi lonse la maonekedwe ndi zinthu zokongoletsera kuti akuzandima Kuvuta Nyimbo luso. alendo onse ndi wachikondi, monga aliyense wa iwo pamanja. Palibe makina sadzatha kusamutsa monga mphamvu zochuluka zabwino monga kuchita manja a anthu.