Mapangidwe, Nkhani

German thanki T-4: makhalidwe ntchito

Palibe pa "Krupp" mu 1936 nawo akanakhala kuti makina yaitali, okonzeka ndi lalifupi mfuti oyenda thandizo, ndipo ankaona ngati logwirizira, zidzakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito mu dziko la Germany. Ndi zotsatira mayunitsi 9000 wakhala thanki ambiri chachikulu, zimatulutsa konse mu Germany, kupanga zomwe, ngakhale kusowa kwa zipangizo anauka kwa masiku otsiriza kwambiri ya nkhondo yachiwiri mu Europe.

Hackney Wehrmacht

Ngakhale kuti panali magalimoto a asilikali, masiku ano kuposa thanki German T-4 - "Amabereka", "Panther" ndi "Mfumu Amabereka", iye yekha anali ambiri Wehrmacht, komanso anali gawo la magulu ambiri osankhika a SS. Chinsinsi bwino mwina lagona alumikizana lalikulu ndi turret, chomasuka yokonza, kudalirika ndi wangwiro galimotoyo, lomwe anawonjezera zosiyanasiyana zankhondo, poyerekeza ndi Panzer III. Popeza chitsanzo A kuti F1 zosintha oyambirira ntchito yochepa 75mm mbiya pang'onopang'ono m'malo ndi "nthawi", ndi F2 kuti H, ndi kothandiza kwambiri mkulu-liwiro mfuti tinatengera kwa Pak 40 zomwe angachite ndi Soviet KV-1 T -34. Pomaliza, ndi German thanki T-4 (chithunzi anapereka m'nkhani) kwathunthu tapitiriridwa kalasi Panzer III monga waukulu, ndi mphamvu zake.

Kamangidwe ka zinachitika pa "Krupp"

Poyamba izo ankaganiza kuti German thanki T-4, makhalidwe luso amene akufotokozera 1934 vaffenamtom, adzatumikira monga "Barizilai galimoto" kubisa udindo wake weniweni wa mawu oletsedwa wa Versailles Pangano.

Kuthandiza pa chitukuko cha mfundo anatenga Haynts Guderian. Izi chitsanzo yatsopano kukhala chitini cha oyenda thandizo ndipo anaikidwa kumbuyo magulu thanki. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti pa msinkhu wa battalion, wina galimoto ayenera kugwera pa zonse zitatu Panzer III. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, T-3, zida ndi chimodzi muyezo 37mm Pak mfuti 36 ndi makhalidwe abwino odana, kanthawi thunthu howitzer Panzer IV akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yonse ya malinga, blockhouses, bunkers mfuti odana ndi thanki ndi maudindo zida zankhondo.

Poyamba, kulemera malire a galimoto nkhondowo anali matani 24. MUNTHU kampani, Krupp ndi Rheinmetall-Borsig anamanga prototypes atatu ndi Krupp anapambana mgwirizano waukulu. Kuyimitsidwa anali woyamba zatsopano, ndi alternating mawilo asanu. Kenako asilikali akufuna kukhazikitsa pakati masika, amapereka kupatuka bwino choimirira. Poyerekeza ndi dongosolo mmbuyo, kupita patsogolo bwino kwambiri, koma kufunika kwa thanki latsopano kusiya pofuna kukwaniritsa. Krupp wabwerera dongosolo kwambiri miyambo ndi anayi magalimoto wapawiri gudumu ndi tsamba akasupe, chifukwa tikukonza mosavuta. Ine wakonzedwa ndi ogwira ntchito asanu - atatu anali mu nsanja (mtsogoleri, gunner ndi Komatsu) ndi dalaivala ndi woyendetsa wailesi - mlanduwo. Chipinda kumenyana anali ndi lalikulu, ndi bwino kumbuyo injini chipinda soundproofing. German thanki T-4 (chithunzi cha nkhaniyo Chitsanzo) zida ndi chitetezo pa bolodi kulankhulana ndi wailesi.

Si kwambiri, koma asymmetrical thupi Panzer IV, nsanja ali ankatembenukira ndi masentimita 6.5 lamanzere, ndi injini - 15 masentimita kumanja. Ichi chidachitika kuti mwachindunji kulumikiza mphete ku nsanja kufala kwa mofulumira kutembenukira izo. Mabokosi a zipolopolo potero ili kumanja.

The zinachitika, kulinganizidwa ndi kumangidwa mu 1936 pa fakitale Krupp AG ku Magdeburg, anaikidwa Waffenamt mmene Versuchskraftfahrzeug 622. Komabe, chisanadze nkhondo nomenclature latsopano mwamsanga anatchedwa Pz.Kpfw.IV (Sd.Kfz. 161).

Thanki anali ndi mafuta injini Maybach HL108TR mphamvu malita 250. m., ndi bokosi 75 m'ma SGR asanu patsogolo ndi chimodzi n'zosiyana magiya. Liwiro pazipita pa lathyathyathya pamwamba pa mayeso anali 31 km / h.

75 mamilimita Cannon - otsika liwiro Kampfwagenkanone (KwK) 37 L / 24. Ndi chida anafuna kuwombera zipolopolo zachiwawa za malinga konkire. Komabe ena luso kupereka odana ndi kuboola projectile Panzergranate, amene liwiro anali 440 m / s. Iwo sakanakhoza kudutsa 43 mamilimita chinsalu cha chitsulo pa mtunda wa 700 m. Awiri mfuti MG 34 anathetsa mikono, coaxial wina kutsogolo kwa makina.

Woyamba mtanda thanki lembani A thupi zida makulidwe si upambana 15 mamilimita ndi nsanja - 20 mm. Ngakhale wakhala anaumitsa zitsulo, chitetezo choterocho akhoza kulimbana handguns yekha, kuwala zida zankhondo ndi makombo grenade.

Kumayambiriro "lalifupi" chisanadze mndandanda

German thanki T-4 ndi mtundu wa chisanadze angapo mayunitsi 35 opangidwa mu 1936. The wotsatira unali Ausf. B kusinthidwa yolamula mzikiti latsopano injini Maybach HL 120TR, kukhala mphamvu malita 300. a., komanso latsopano kufala SSG75.

Ngakhale kulemera owonjezera, liwiro pazipita kuchuluka kwa 39 Km / h, ndi chitetezo walimba. zida makulidwe anafika mamilimita 30 kutsogolo kwa okonda nyumba gawo ndi 15 mamilimita kwina. Komanso, mfuti makina anateteza ndi zimaswa latsopano.

Pambuyo amasulidwe makina yopanga 42 kugwiritsa German thanki T-4 C. The makulidwe a zida pa turret ndi chawonjezeka mpaka 30 mm. Kulemera okwana anali matani 18,15. Pambuyo yobereka mayunitsi 40 mu 1938, akasinja wakhala bwino ndi kuika injini latsopano Maybach HL 120TRM kwa magalimoto zana lotsatira. M'pake kuti anatsatira kusinthidwa D. «Dora" akhoza kusiyana ndi kumene anaika makina mfuti pa thupi ndi kutsogolera kunja embrasure. The makulidwe a mbali zida ziwonjezeke kwa 20 mm. Okwana magalimoto 243 chitsanzo ichi zinalembedwa, yomaliza ndi imene - mu 1940s oyambirira. Kusinthidwa D anali otsiriza chisanadze kupanga kenako lamulo waganiza kumanga lonse.

standardization

German thanki T-4 anali woyamba zikuluzikulu E zino, yomwe inayamba kubala panthawi ya nkhondo. Ngakhale maphunziro ambiri ndi malipoti akusonyeza kupanda ozama mphamvu ya 37 mm mfuti Panzer III, m'malo mwake zinali zosatheka. Kufunafuna njira kukayezetsa pa zinachitika wa Panzer IV Ausf. Kusinthidwa D choikidwacho liwiro sing'anga wa 50 mm mfuti Pak 38. Kuti koyamba mayunitsi 80 zimafika pambuyo pa ndawala French. nkhondo akasinja, makamaka, ndi British "Matilda" ndi French "bis B1", potsiriza zinaonekeratu kuti zida makulidwe sikokwanira, komanso zopweteka mmakutu mphamvu ndi ofooka mfuti. The Ausf. E kumanzere barreled mfuti KwK 37L / 24, koma makulidwe zida wakutsogolo ziwonjezeke kwa 50 mm, ndi 30 mamilimita zitsulo mbale akalowa, ngati muyeso kanthawi. Ndi April 1941, pamene kusinthidwa ili m'malo ndi Ausf. F, kupanga ake anafika mayunitsi 280.

Last "lalifupi" lachitsanzo

kusinthidwa wina kwambiri anasintha German thanki T-4. Tsatanetsatane wa chitsanzo oyambirira F, F1 anadzatchedwa pamene pafupi anasintha chifukwa m'malo a chikuto mbale 50 mm mbale makulidwe ndi kuonjezera mbali lateral wa alumikizana ndi turret 30 mm. Kulemera okwana thanki anaimirira matani oposa 22, yomwe imameretsa zinthu zina, monga kuwonjezera m'lifupi mayendedwe kuchokera mamilimita 380 400 kuti kuchepetsa kuthamanga pansi ndi kusinthika mu mavuto ndi matayala galimoto. F1 anapangidwa mu kuchuluka mayunitsi 464 m'malo mu March 1942

Woyamba "yaitali"

Ngakhale ndi zida kuboola projectile Panzergranate Panzer IV otsika-mathamangidwe mfuti sanathe angakane akasinja bwino oti muli nazo zida. Mu nkhani ya kampeni adzaimira mu USSR izo zinkayenera kuti anaganiza Mokweza yaikulu ya T-3. Tsopano likupezeka chida Pak 38L / 60, amene mogwira lidatsirizika, anafuna kuti unsembe mu nsanja Panzer IV. Mu November 1941, zinachitika anamaliza ndipo zinakonzedwa kubala. Koma nkhondo yoyamba ndi Soviet KV-1 ndi T-34 kupanga 50mm mfuti, monga ntchito Panzer III, mipingo mokomera latsopano wamphamvu kwambiri chitsanzo Rheinmetall kampani zochokera mfuti likungosonyeza 75 mamilimita Pak 40L / 46. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti KwK 40L / 43, ndi kuleza likungosonyeza zida ndi kuipanikiza nanyema, amene yafupika akadzabweranso. The mathamangidwe yoyamba ya projectile Panzergranade 39 kuposa 990 m / s. Iye sakanakhoza kudutsa 77 mamilimita zida pa mtunda wa ku 1850 meters. Popeza pochimanga mu February 1942, a zinachitika loyamba yopanga siriyo wa F2. Ndi July mayunitsi 175 zinalembedwa. Mu June German thanki T-4 F2 anadzatchedwa pa T-4 G, koma mitundu onse vaffenamta ikhale Sd.Kfz.161 / 1. Mabuku ena chitsanzo otchedwa F2 / G.

Transitional lachitsanzo

German thanki T-4, G ndi bwino chimake ndi kusintha F2 zokhudza zitsulo ndalama ndi kugwiritsa vutoli mazunzo zida unakhuthala pa maziko a. Tikamazunzidwa glacis anali nakweza latsopano 30 mm mbale, ndi makulidwe okwana ziwonjezeke kwa 80 mm. Izo zinali zokwanira kuzunza bwino kwa Soviet 76 mm mfuti ndi 76.2 mm odana thanki mfuti. Poyamba tinaganiza kubweretsa mfundo imeneyi theka la kupanga, koma January 1943, Adolf Hitler panokha analamula kusintha zonse. Komabe, makina kulemera kuchuluka matani 23,6, kuwulula mphamvu zochepa za galimotoyo ndi powertrain.

German thanki T 4 mkati masinthidwe kwambiri. Tower peepholes inathetsedwa, injini poyatsira ndi mpweya pa otsika kutentha zabwino, ndi akonzedwa zina zogwirira yopuma gudumu ndi clamps kwa njanji limasonyeza glacis. Iwo ankagwira ntchito chitetezo zosakhalitsa. Azionjezera nyali, anachititsa kulimbikitsa ndi kusinthidwa wa chimphika.

Mabaibulo pambuyo pake, m'chaka cha 1943 kunali mbali zida pa alumikizana ndi turret, ndi utsi grenade launchers. Koma ambiri Chofunika, panali latsopano, amphamvu kwambiri mfuti KwK 40L / 48. Pambuyo amasulidwe 1275 muyezo ndi 412 kupanga kumatheka ya akasinja ankatembenukira kwa Ausf.H. lachitsanzo

Achidule

German thanki T-4 H (chithunzi anapereka m'munsimu) okonzeka ndi watsopano kuleza barreled mfuti KwK 40L / 48. kusintha Komanso nkhawa omasuka kupanga - zachotsedwa pa bolodi peepholes, ntchito mbali wamba ndi Panzer III. Okwana mpaka lotsatira kusinthidwa Ausf. J mu June 1944 asonkhanitsa 3774 makina.

Mu December 1942, "Krupp" walandira lamulo kwa thanki kwathunthu sloped zida, chifukwa cha kulemera owonjezera chofunika chitukuko cha galimotoyo latsopano, HIV ndiponso mwina engine. Komabe, kupanga anayamba ndi Baibulo kusinthidwa Ausf.G. German thanki T-4 analandira gearbox latsopano ZF Zahnradfabrik SSG 76, ndi atsopano pa wailesi (FU2 ndi 5, ndipo aya mkati). The makulidwe a zida mazunzo kuchuluka 80 mamilimita popanda mapepala a pamwamba. H kulemera anafika 25 matani nkhondowo zida, ndi liwiro pazipita utachepa mpaka 38 Km / h, ndi zinthu zenizeni nkhondowo - mpaka 25 Km / h, ndipo kuli mtunda akhakula. Pakutha 1943, German thanki T-4 H linkatuluka ndi phala "Zimmer", Zosefera akweza mpweya, nsanja anakhazikitsidwa makina odana ndege MG 34.

Last chosavuta lachitsanzo

Last thanki, German T-4 J, zikuchitika Nibelungwerke ku St. Valentin, Austria, monga Vomag ndi Krupp tsopano kugwira ntchito zina, ndipo chinaperekedwa kwa zosabvuta, amakonda kwambiri kuŵeta ndipo kawirikawiri amapereka mwa anthu okonza lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, nsanja magetsi linamasuka, kukhazikika zachitika pamanja, lomwe kuchuluka kwa 200 malita mafuta thanki mphamvu, kuchuluka opaleshoni osiyanasiyana mpaka 300 Km. zosintha zina m'gulu kuchotsa nsanja pa zenera kuonera ndi odana ndi ndege munakhazikitsa makina mokomera kukonza utsi grenade. "Zimmer" salinso ntchito ngati protivokumulyativnymi «siketi» Schürzen, m'malo ndi mapanelo mtengo mauna. The nyumba ya injini Redieta anali m'Chingelezi chosavuta. Drive yotayikayo n'zosiyana wodzigudubuza. Panali mufflers awiri ndi arresters malawi komanso phiri la 2 matani Kireni. Komanso, SSG 77 kufala ntchito ndi Panzer III, ngakhale bwino lomwa. Ngakhale nsembe zimenezi, chifukwa cha bomba zonse amapereka anagwirizana ezedwa, ndipo okwana akasinja 2970 chokha zinamangidwa lisanathe March 1945 kuchokera 5000 anakonza.

zosintha

Jagdpanzer IV - mwina zabwino kwambiri zozizwitsa thanki mu mndandanda T-4, otsika ndi othandiza kwambiri mlenje, makamaka womasuka ku Italy ndi Normandy. Mu 1943, mayunitsi 1980 zinamangidwa.
Sturmgeschütz IV - Kugwirira thanki ali superstructure kutsimikiziridwa ndi armament Sturmgeschütz III. Olengedwa mwa magalimoto 1140.
Panzerbefehlswagen IV - lamulo positi, okonzeka ndi ya wailesi, akonzedwa wodzala zamagetsi ndi Kulumikizana. Ntchito agwirire zida zankhondo thandizo, oyenda ndi thandizo mpweya kwa magulu oti muli nazo zida. Otakasuka ndi odalirika - izi mwina zabwino German nkhondo lamulo thanki.
Panzerbeobachtungswagen IV - ndi okonzeka galimoto chidwi zida zankhondo, pamodzi ndi Wespe ndi Hummel mfuti kudziletsa injini.
Sturmpanzer IV Brummbär - mmodzi wa yochititsa chidwi German ACS 150 mamilimita mfuti, amene anali ngati zinachitika kuti kulenga Heuschrecke ndi kumachinyalanyaza Max.
Flakpanzer IV Möbelwagen - anatumikira monga kuthandiza mpweya chitetezo limodzi mfuti 37 mm. Iwo anali ikuchitika 1944-45 (240 mayunitsi) azilipira imfa ya ukulu mu mlengalenga.
Flakpanzer IV Wirbelwind - zikutanthauza VOP okonzeka ndi kopitilira muyeso-imayenera chetyrehstvolnym 20mm Flakvierling. Yopangidwa mayunitsi zoposa 100. Wina mayunitsi 66, zida ndi 37 mamilimita Cannon ukutchedwa Ostwind.
Geschützwagen III / IV Hummel - ACS galimotoyo Panzer IV ndi mbali Panzer III. Zinabala mayunitsi zoposa 666, mmodzi wa opambana kwambiri German mfuti kudziletsa injini ya nthawi zonse.
Panzerjager III / IV Nashorn - bwino kwambiri womenya thanki okonzeka lodziwika bwino 88 mamilimita mfuti. Ndipafupifupi zosakwana "Amabereka". Yopangidwa 473 magalimoto.
Geschützwagen III / IV Schlepper - opangidwa mayunitsi 150 ndi makonzedwe chimodzimodzi.
Bergepanzer IV - German oti muli nazo zida kuchira galimoto, wamphamvu kuposa Baibulo zochokera Panzer III. Zedi yochepa kubala ndipo achule Panzerfahre Landwasserschlepper.
Bruckenleger IV - anapezerapo mlatho. mlatho kutalika zaka 56 m. chopangidwa 24 mayunitsi.