Filipp Makedonsky: yonena chifukwa Philip II ya Macedon Kupambana kwa asilikali

Mfumu ya ku Makedoniya, Philip II anadziwika mu mbiri monga kudzagonjetsa loyandikana Greece. Iye anatha kulenga asilikali latsopano, kuti alimbikitse khama la anthu komanso kukuza mphamvu za malire. kupambana Filipo sizingafanane pamaso pa kupambana kwa mwana wake, Aleksandra Velikogo, koma iye amene analenga prerequisites onse chifukwa cha zimene zazikulu za m'malo mwake.

zaka zoyambirira

Zosowa zakale Mfumu Filipp Makedonsky anabadwa mu 382 BC. e. wakwawo unali likulu la Pella. Atate Filippa Aminta III chitsanzo chabwino wolamulira. Iye anali wokhoza kugwirizanitsa dziko lake, pamaso kugawanika mu maukulu angapo. Komabe, imfa ya Amyntas nthawi ya chitukuko inatha. Macedonia kamodzinso anakomoka. Pa nthawi yomweyo dziko ngozi adani kunja, kuphatikizapo Illyrians ndi Thracians. mafuko awa kumpoto zina anaukira ndi anansi awo.

Kufooka mwa ntchito Chimakedoniya ndi Ahelene. Mu 368 BC. e. iwo anapanga ulendo wa kumpoto. Chifukwa, Filipp Makedonsky analandidwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku Thebes. N'zodabwitsa, koma kukhala kumeneko anakamanga n'kothandiza achinyamata. The IV c. BC. e. Thebes anali mmodzi wa mzinda waukulu Greek. Mu mzinda uwu anakumana ndi Chimakedoniya akapolo dongosolo chikhalidwe cha Agiriki ndi chitukuko chikhalidwe. Iye ngakhale katswiri ndizosowa masewera a karati za Agiriki. chochitika ichi patapita mukopedwe malamulo, amene anakhala patsogolo Mfumu Philip II ya Macedon.

Alandira mphamvu

Mu 365 BC. e. mnyamata anabwerera kwawo. Panthawi imeneyi, mpando wachifumu a mchimwene wake Perdiccas III. The moyo chete pa Pella anali linaphwanya pamene Amakedoniya analinso zikuphedwa Illyrians. Izi anansi akuopsa pa nkhondo zoopsa, asilikali a Perdika, motero kumupha ndi wina 4000 Philip muno.

Mphamvu ndi cholowa zapita mwana atafa - ndi Amyntas zazing'ono. Philip anaikidwa regent. Ngakhale unyamata wake, anasonyeza makhalidwe ake apadera utsogoleri ndi kukhulupirira osankhika ndale za dziko kuti woteroyo mphindi ovuta, pamene mdani pakhomo, akhale pa mpando wachifumu, ndi kuteteza anthu wamba ku aggressors. Aminta unachotsedwa. Choncho 23, 2 Philip wa Macedon anali mfumu ya dziko lake. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye sanangokhala wachifumu mpaka imfa yake.

Zokambirana Njira

Kuyambira pachiyambi cha ulamuliro Filipp Makedonsky waonetsa chidwi ndi luso lake zamtendere. Iye sanali wamanyazi kutsogolo anaopseza Thracian ndipo anaganiza kulimbana nacho, osati ndi zida ndalama. Mopereka chiphuphu loyandikana Prince Philip anapanga chisokonezo kumeneko kuposa m'chitetezo dziko lawo. Mfumu komanso analanda mzinda wofunika kwambiri wa Amfipoli, kumene migodi golide wakhala kusintha. Kupeza chitsulo mfulu, chuma anayamba timbewu ndalama apamwamba. The State ndalama zochuluka.

Pambuyo pake, Philip II ya Macedon anayamba kulenga asilikali watsopano. Analemba ganyu ojambula achilendo amene anamanga masiku ambiri pa nthawi ya zida kuzinga (kuponya mfuti catapults, ndi zina zotero. D.). Kugwiritsa ziphuphu ndi adani mochenjera, mfumu koyamba kulengedwanso ndi ogwirizana Macedonia, ndipo anayamba kuwonjezeka kunja. Iye anali mwayi m'njira yakuti pa nthawi imeneyo Greece kuyamba kuona ndi yaitali motero ndale, zolumukizidwa ndi ndewu ndi udani ndondomeko boma. akunjawo kumpoto mosavuta ziphuphu ndi golide.

Kukonza asilikali

Pozindikira kuti ukulu wa boma chifukwa cha mphamvu ya ankhondo ake, mfumu kwathunthu reorganized usilikali. ndi asilikali Filippa Makedonskogo chiyani? Yankho lake lagona pa chodabwitsa cha phalanx Makedoniya. Zinali latsopano dongosolo lomenyera nkhondo ya oyenda, amene anali Regiment kufunika 1,500. Kupeza phalanges anali mosamalitsa dera lawo, kulola kuti mogwirizana bwino pakati pa asilikali okha.

Mmodzi mapangidwe ngati inkakhala zosiyanasiyana Lochos - mizere ya asilikali oyenda 16. Aliyense mzere anali ntchito yake nkhondo. Gulu latsopano bwino makhalidwe kumenyana a asilikali. Tsopano asilikali Chimakedoniya anasamukira integrally ndi monolithically, ndipo ngati kunali koyenera kuti asandutse phalanx, ndi redeployment anayamba udindo Lochos izi kusonyeza anansi. anakokera ena za iye. Last Lochos anaonerera mogwirizana regiments ndi kumanga zolondola, kusintha comrades zolakwa.

Kotero izo zinali asilikali Filippa Makedonskogo? Yankho lake lagona pa zimene mfumu kuphatikiza zinachitikira asilikali achilendo. Mu unyamata wake, Philip ankakhala Thebes ulemu mkaidi. Kumeneko anakumana mulaibulale yakumeneko ndi ntchito za strategists Greek nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Tiganizira ambiri a iwo tcheru ndi wokhoza wophunzira kenako anabweretsa moyo pa asilikali awo.

rearmament la asilikali

Afotokozerane pa kusintha asilikali, Filipp Makedonsky tcheru kuti gulu komanso zida. Zinaoneka sarissa asilikali. Choncho ku Makedoniya ankatchedwa mkondo yaitali. oyenda sarissofory analandira ndi zida zina. Pa nthawi ya mkuntho malo yamalinga mdani Adali kuponya mivi, amene kwambiri akuchita chapatali, kupulula mabala oopsa.

Chimakedoniya mfumu Philip anapanga gulu lake lankhondo kwambiri malangizo. Asilikali anaphunzira kusamalira zida tsiku lililonse. Iwo anatenga mkondo yaitali ndi manja onse, kotero asilikali Filipo ntchito zishango zamkuwa, amene Anapachikidwa pa chigongono wina.

Armament phalanx anatsindika ntchito yake yaikulu - kusunga mmene mdani wa. 2 Philip wa Macedon, ndipo kenako mwana wake, Alexander, anali ntchito monga waukulu pomenyana apakavalo mphamvu. Iye kumenya lankhondo la adani pa nthawi imene iye anayesetsa gawanikani phalanx lapansi.

The nkhondo

Pambuyo Makedoniya mfumu Philip anaona kuti khamu kusintha zinabala zipatso, anayamba kulowerera a oyandikana Greek. Mu 353 BC. e. Iye anathandiza Delphic Mgwirizano kamodzi ya nkhondo za Agiriki. Pambuyo chigonjetso cha Macedonia kwenikweni anagonjetsa Thessaly, ndipo anali ambiri Greek mzinda-limati anazindikira arbitrator ndi arbitrator.

bwino uyu anali nyengo yachisanu ikupita anagonjetsa tsogolo la Greece. Komabe, zinthu Macedonia ali Sichikupezeka Greece. Mu 352 BC. e. nkhondo ndi Thrace. Iwo anali kuyamba ndi Filipp Makedonsky. The yonena za munthu uyu ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwa mkulu amene anali kuyesera kuteteza zofuna za anthu awo. nkhondo inayamba ndi Thrace chifukwa njakata zigawo ndizodzola malire a maiko awiri. Patatha zaka nkhondo, akunjawo kuzilandira dziko kutsutsana. Choncho Thracians ankadziwa kuti anali ndi asilikali Filippa Makedonskogo.

Olinfskaya nkhondo

Posachedwa Chimakedoniya wolamulira adapitiriza alowererepo ake mu Greece. Kutsatira njira yake unawoneka Chalcis Union, lomwe lakhala mfundo yaikulu Olynthos. Mu 348 BC. e. asilikali Filippa Makedonskogo kuikidwa mzindawo. Chalkidian mgwirizano analandira thandizo la Athens, koma thandizo awo anali mochedwa kwambiri.

Olynthus anagwidwa, kuwotchedwa ndi kuwonongedwa. Popeza Macedonia ali zina kukodzedwa malire ake kum'mwera. Kuti izo adaonjezeredwa ndi mizinda ina ya Chalcis Union. Independent anali yekha kum'mwera kwa Greece. Zimayambitsa Filippa Makedonskogo kupambana nkhondo ndi pa dzanja limodzi, mu zochita yatsopano asilikali ake, ndi pa zina - mu kugawikana andale a polis Greek, amene sanafune kucheza ndi mnzake mu pangozi kunja. A nthumwi aluso ntchito mwaluso kuwada tonse adani ake.

Asikuti kampeni

Ngakhale m'nthawi anazunguzika pa funso, kodi ndi zifukwa Kupambana kwa asilikali Filippa Makedonskogo, mfumu yakale anapitiriza kugonjetsa kwake. Mu 340 BC. e. Iye anapita kukamenyana Perinthus ndi Byzantium - Greek njuchi amene ankalamulira pa khwalala umene umawalekanitsa Europe ndi Asia. Lero chikudziwika ngati Dardanelles, ndipo anamutcha Helesipotale.

Pansi Perinthus ndi Byzantine Ahelene anapereka atangokanidwa kwambiri Aisiraeli, ndi Filipo anali kuti abwerere. Iye anapita kukamenyana Asikuti. Monga Makedoniya ubwenzi ndi anthu awa kwambiri sakuyenda. Mtsogoleri wa Asikuti Athey atatsala pang'ono thandizo anapempha asilikali a ku Philip kubweza kuukira kwa oyandikana wongosamukasamuka. Chimakedoniya mfumu anamutuma gulu lalikulu.

Pamene Filipo anali pansi makoma a Byzantium, anavutika kuyesera kukalanda mzindawo, iye anali mu anaima mutu ndi. Pamenepo mfumu anafunsa Ateius amuthandize ndi ndalama mwanjira kuphimba ndalama kugwirizana ndi kuzinga yaitali. Mtsogoleri wa Asikuti poyankha monyodola anakana anzathu. Philip sanavomereze mwamwano chotero. Mu 339 BC. e. iye anapita kumpoto lupanga kulanga Asikuti wonyenga. Izi wongosamukasamuka kwa Nyanja Black analidi wosweka. Pambuyo ntchito imeneyi, Makedoniya atabwerera kunyumba, ngakhale kwa nthawi yaitali.

Nkhondo ya Chaeronea

Pakadali pano, ndi Greek mzinda-limati anapanga pangano ukuperekedwa patsogolo Makedoniya. Philip, mfundo sikuti osokonezeka. Iye akadali ati kupitiriza ulendo wawo kum'mwera. Mu 338 BC. e. Zinali nkhondo ya Chaeronea. Maziko a asilikali Greek nkhondo munali anthu a Athens ndi Thebes. malamulo awiri amenewa anali atsogoleri andale a Greece.

Nkhondoyi chidwi choona kuti panafika wolowa 18 wazaka kwa Tsar Alexander. Iye ankayenera kuti chiyani pa zimene zinachitikira, ndilo asilikali Filippa Makedonskogo. Mfumu analamula phalanx pamene mwana wake anali pa kutaya wa asilikali okwera pamahatchi pa pambali yakumanzere. Trust analungamitsidwa. Makedoniya anagonjetsa adani. Atene ndi otchuka ndale ndi wogwira moyo Demosthenes wake anathawa kunkhondo.

League of Korinto

Akadzagonjetsedwa Chaeronea Greek mzinda-limati anataya mphamvu zawo kwa bungwe kulimbana ndi Filipo. Zokambirana pa tsogolo la Greece. chifukwa awo anali cholengedwa a League of Korinto. Tsopano Agiriki anali mu mkhalidwe kudalira ya mfumu ku Makedoniya, ngakhale yokhala malamulo akale anapulumukira iwo. Philip anachita mizinda ina.

The Union analengedwa mu malingaliro za kulimbana m'tsogolo Persia. Chimakedoniya asilikali Filippa Makedonskogo sakanakhoza kupirira yekha ndi a despotism kum'mawa. Greek mzinda-limati anavomera perekani mfumu asilikali mwini. Philip anavomera Angachitsekereze lonse Agiriki chikhalidwe. Adamva zowawa zambiri kuchokera zenizeni Greek mu moyo wa dziko lawo.

Mkangano m'banja

Pambuyo pophatikizana bwino Greece muulamuliro wake Filipo adzilengeze nkhondo pa Persia. Komabe, mapulani ake kupewedwa ndi chokhudza banja. Mu 337 BC. e. Iye anakwatira msungwana Cleopatra, zomwe zinachititsa kuti nkhondo ndi mkazi wake woyamba, Olympic. Zinali Filipo wake anali ndi mwana, Alexander, amene anali kukhala mtsogoleri wamkulu wankhondo wa masiku amakedzana zoyembekezeka m'tsogolo. The Scion sanali kanthu atate wake ndi pambuyo chipongwe mayi ake anachoka kunyumba yake yachifumu.

Filipp Makedonsky, amene yonena linadzaza ndi nkhondo bwino, sanalole boma lake lidzangowonongeka kuchokera mkati chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi wolowa nyumba a. Mukamaliza zokambirana yaitali iye potsiriza kuyanjanitsidwa mwana. Ndiyeno Filipo anali woti abwere ku Perisiya, koma makamaka likulu anali kuthetsa ukwati.

kupha

Pa ya zikondwerero zanu chikondwerero mfumu mwadzidzidzi anaphedwa ndi msilikali wake, dzina lake Pausanias. Ena a alonda pomwepo nawo iwo. Choncho, akadali osadziwika chimene chinachititsa wakupha. Palibe umboni wodalirika yolumikiza aliyense chiwembu, olemba mbiri mulibe.

N'zotheka kuti kuseri Pausanias anali mkazi woyamba wa Philip Olympic. Komanso si analetsa lomwe kupha Sitefano Alexander anakonza. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, tsoka, zomwe kunabuka 336 BC. e., anabweretsa zopangira mwana wa Filipo. Anapitiriza ntchito bambo ake. Posakhalitsa asilikali Chimakedoniya anagonjetsa lonse Middle East ndi malire a India. Chifukwa bwino uyu chagona pa ndalama njira ya Alexander, koma kukonza yaitali Philip. Adalenga asilikali amphamvu ndi chuma khola, chifukwa imene mwana wake anapambana kwambiri za mayiko.