Bukhu la "Gone with the Wind": Mayankho a Owerenga

Mwinamwake, palibe munthu yemwe sakanamve za Scarlett O'Hare. Chowoneka chowala, chosaiŵalika cha bukuli chikuvutitsa aliyense ndi chirichonse. Amatsutsana ndi malamulowa, sadziwa za makhalidwe abwino. Poyamba, Scarlett ndi munthu yemwe sakhala ndi chidaliro chilichonse. Munthu yemwe sadzidziganizira yekha ndikumverera kwa ena, salandira kukana ndi kukhumba kukwaniritsa yekha ndi njira iliyonse.

Kuposa bukuli likumveka?

M'buku lonseli, Scarlett amamasulidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi chikondi chodzipangira yekha cha munthu amene sanabwezeretse. Kupyolera mu chikondi ichi, amasiya ulemu wa ena, chikondi cha okondedwa ake. Koma ndikusintha, sitepe ndi sitepe gawo ndi kudzikonda ndi magawo.

Wamphamvu ndi wolimba amakopa chidwi cha owerenga, amakhala wokondedwa kwambiri heroine Scarlett. Bukhuli limamangiriza. Ndipo osadzidzimitsa yekha, wowerenga amadziwa kuti mu buku lonseli akubwereranso pamodzi ndi moyo wake, kusintha. Ngakhale mawu omveka otchuka a khalidwe lalikulu. Ndipo iye amabwerera ku bukhu mobwerezabwereza.

Firimuyi, yomwe imawombera buku lofanana ndi lomwelo, limatengedwa kuti ndilopambana kwambiri m'mbiri ya cinema. Poganizira kuti linatulutsidwa zaka zapakati pa 1939, zimakhala zopambana tsopano. Bukuli linalembedwanso kawirikawiri, ndipo limaonedwa kuti ndi lofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya mabuku. Buku la "Gone With the Wind" Mitchell, mosakayikira, anali woyenera kulitcha kuti wodabwitsa.

Mlembi ndi ndani?

Mlembi wa mbambande, Margaret Mitchell, anabadwira ku Atlanta. Mu mzinda momwe zambiri zochitika za buku la Scarlett zikukula. Bukhuli likuwonetseratu zochitika zakale, malo, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya mzindawo.

Bambo ake anali loya, amayi ake anali amodzi oyambirira a Atlanta, wokonzekera komanso wogwira ntchito m'mabungwe ambiri achifundo. Margaret anakulira ngati tomboy, ndipo ankakonda kuyang'ana mbale wake pamene anali kukwera hatchi. Nthawi ina, atamuyang'ana, sanazindikire momwe moto unayambira pa zovala zake.

Msungwanayo anawotcha, ndipo adokotala analangiza makolo kuti azivala iye mu thalauza la amuna. Monga Margaret anakumbukira, anali kukonda ufulu - mukhoza kukwera mipanda ndi mitengo, kukwera ndi kuthamanga, kuti pa nthawi yoyamba apitirize kuvala zovala za amuna.

Iye sanafunenso kusukulu kusukulu, koma amayi ake okhwima anali atamaliza sukulu imodzi yamaphunziro abwino ndipo amayesetsa kuti mwanayo aphunzire bwino. Chikhalidwe cha msungwanayo chinawonetsedwa apa. Anawerenga zambiri, koma m'malo mwa Shakespeare ndi Dickens ankakonda kukondana za magazini a chikondi ndi akazi. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 9 anayamba kulemba nkhani.

Buntar kupsa mtima

Monga momwe Margaret amalembera m'mabuku ake, ngati akadali mnyamata, ayenera kukonda ntchito ya usilikali. Ndipo amasankha ntchito ya mtolankhani, yemwe panthawiyo ankaonedwa ngati mwamuna. Margaret adagwira ntchito zaka zingapo m'mabuku a Atlanta ndipo apa adawonetsa chikhalidwe chake chopanduka - adalemba "Manifesto ya Women" pansi pa dzina lake m'modzi mwa nyuzipepala, ndipo adawonjezera chithunzi mu mawonekedwe "osayenerera".

Mosakayikira, banja silinayamikire chinthu ichi. Agogo aakazi ankawotcha mbambande pamoto ndipo onse adanena kuti mdzukulu wake saliponso. Ngakhale kuti ndi achibale ovuta, Margaret anakwatira "slobbering yokongola". Pamene adakumbukira, adakopeka ndi khalidwe losangalatsa komanso labwino la wokondedwa wake.

Sizinali zopanda "zochititsa mantha" machitidwe onse a Atlanta. Pa mwambo waukwati, iye anatenga maluwa okongola ofiira m'malo mwa maluwa oyera. Tsiku lotsatira nyuzipepala zonse zinalemba za izi, ndipo anthu okhalamo adakwiya kuti mzinda wawo sunayambe wawonapo chinthu choterocho. "Kulimbana ndi Mphepo" - buku lomwe likuwonetseratu maziko a tauniyi. Momwemonso, Margaret amatha kufotokozera bwino momwe amachitira ndi heroine wamkulu wa bukuli, lomwe nthawi zonse limaphwanya malamulo awo.

Kusadzichepetsa ndi kutsimikiza mtima

Banjalo linatha miyezi 10 yokha. Mwamuna wa Margaret ankakonda kumwa ndi kumenyana naye. Atafufuza naye kamodzi ndi mtsikana, Margaret anatsimikiza mtima kuti asudzulane. Kumwera kwa America kunali zamkhutu. Izi sizinali kwa achibale okha, koma chigawo chonse. Margaret sanalekerere, adakumana ndi zopinga zonse ndipo adabweza dzina la mtsikanayo.

Margaret anapitiriza kugwira ntchito monga wolemba nkhani. Walemba zolembedwa zoposa 200 ndipo wapambana dzina lakuti "Shark wa nthenga". Nthawi yachiwiri, Margaret anakwatiwa ndi mkazi wake wokondedwa kwa nthawi yaitali, amene anakhala akukondana naye kwa zaka zambiri. Chifukwa cha iye, iye anasiya ntchito yake ndipo anasamukira ku Atlanta. Margaret amasiya ntchito ya mtolankhani ndikudzipereka yekha ku chilengedwe.

Mu bukhu la "Gone with the Wind" mkhalidwe waukulu ali ndi kupsa mtima, sachita mantha ndi miyambo yakumwera. Ngakhale zili choncho, amatsimikiza mtima kuteteza maganizo ake. Mwina ndi chifukwa chake Margaret anatha kufotokoza zinthu izi za heroine mowala kwambiri kuti iwo anali obadwa mwa iye?

Inde. Ndi heroine yomwe imapangitsa owerenga kuti awerengenso buku la "Gone with the Wind". Owerenga 'akuwongolera ali odzaza ndi khalidwe lake losadziletsa, chizoloŵezi chake chofotokozera maganizo ake mwamphamvu, podziwa kuti akuchoka ku zikhalidwe zomwe amavomereza m'dera lawo.

Kubadwa kwa bukhu

Ziribe kanthu momwe izo zikumveka, koma bukuli likugwirizana ndi maonekedwe a prosaic. Kamodzi paulendo, kavalo wa Margaret, pamene kavalo akuyesera kuthana ndi chovutacho, amagwa pansi ndi kuwononga bondo. Pambuyo pa kuvulala kumene iye amavala nsapato zapadera ndi zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Margaret anapeza arthrosis. Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi sanapite, panthawi ya matendayo amawerenga mabuku onse omwe amapezeka.

Kuyambira ali mwana iye nthawi zambiri ankamva kuchokera kwa agogo aakazi ake nkhani za nkhondo kummwera ndi kumpoto kwa America, za asilikali-ophatikizana, za asilikali a Yankee. Makolo a Margaret adagwira nawo nkhondo, ndipo makolo ake adamuwonetsa zotsatira za tsokali: osungulumwa okhazikika pamapiri opsereza a nyumba zapamwamba, mabanja onse adachoka popanda nkhondo.

Zochitika zonse za nthawi imeneyo zikufanizidwa bwino ndi buku Gone With the Wind. Umboni wa akatswiri a mbiri yakale unatsimikiziranso momwe wolembayo anagwiritsira ntchito molondola ndikuwamasulira. Nkhani zonsezi zinasinthidwa ndikumbukira Margaret ndipo, ndithudi, zinapanga maziko a buku la mtsogolo. Ndipo, ndithudi, heroine ayenera kukhala pakati pa nkhani - wokongola, wotsimikiza, wolimba mtima.

Lingaliro lalikulu

Kotero, maziko a bukuli anali mbiri ya Old South. Margaret ankafuna kufotokoza molondola mu zochitika zake za mbiriyakale, kotero iye amaphunzira makina apanyumba a zaka zimenezo, amaphunzira ntchito ya akatswiri a mbiriyakale. Anatha kufotokoza zifukwa za kugonjetsedwa kwa South. Ndemanga pa bukhu lakuti "Gone With the Wind" Margaret Mitchell ambiri otsutsa omwe amayesa kupeza mu bukuli zolakwa zochepa, amatsimikizira kuti sangapezepo zolakwika kuchokera ku zenizeni.

Bukuli linakhudza kwambiri anthu akummwera, monga momwe zinasonyezera zenizeni za zochitikazo. Zinali zozindikirika zonse - chikhalidwe cha anthu okhala ku Old South, mfundo zochepa kwambiri pa moyo wa okonza mapulani ndi antchito akapolo, maubwenzi a anthu apamwamba kwa akapolo akuda. Moyo wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha ambuye olemekezeka, ulemelero ndi chisomo cha nyumba zazikuru.

Atapereka mpukutu wa Pulitzer Prize, atatha kupambana modabwitsa, atayesa kufufuza zolakwika, otsutsa akufotokoza zifukwa za kupambana kwakukulu: chithunzi cha Rhett Butler, chiyambi chokhulupirira cha zochitikazo ndi mbiri yolondola ya mbiriyakale.

"Anathawa ndi Mphepo" - buku, ndemanga zomwe zinachokera ku America ambiri otchuka: Eleanor Roosevelt ndi Pulezidenti mwiniwake. Anayamika mlembi wa bukhuli, amene adatha kufotokozera molondola zochitika zakale. Wolemba wodziwika bwino wa Chingerezi Herbert Wells anati: "Buku la" Gone With the Wind "liri bwino kwambiri kuposa ntchito za makalasi ambiri olemekezeka kwambiri."

Chidule cha bukuli

Malingana ndi lingaliro la wolemba, buku la "Gone With the Wind" lagawidwa mu magawo awiri. Mbali ya mabukuwa amasonyeza wowerenga Scarlett wosiyana. Mbali yoyamba, kukongola, kukongola, kuyesetsa, pa zonse, kupeza chimene akufuna. Iye sadzaima pa chirichonse chifukwa cha chikondi chake, pali malingaliro ambiri mu gawo ili.

Gawo lachiwiri la bukuli limatsegula wina Scarlett - adazindikira kufunika kwa dziko lake komanso akumenyera Tara. Zochitika zomvetsa chisoni za moyo wake zimathandiza kuganiziranso mmene akumvera, zizoloŵezi zake, ndi kumulola kuti aziwoneka mosiyana ndi anthu apamtima.

Ndili gawo la bukhuli

Bukuli likuchitika kum'mwera kwa Georgia. Pali chaka cha 1861. Mwana wamkazi wokongola wa maso a tara wa tara (munda wa makilomita 25 kuchokera ku Atlanta) ndi chinthu chousa moyo cha anthu ambiri okonda. Koma Scarlett yekha amamukonda Ashley yekha, yemwe, monga momwe akuwonekera kwa iye yekha, nayenso alibe chidwi naye.

Banja la Scarlett likuitanidwa ku phwando ku Wilkes malo, komwe amalengeza zomwe Ashley ndi Melanie anachita. Scarlett sitingamvetse zomwe Ashley wokongola komanso wokongola akupeza mu "buluu". Kukhumudwitsa wokondedwayo, kumatenga chibwenzi cha M'bale Melanie ndikuvomereza kukhala mkazi wake.

Miphekisano ya nkhondo imatsimikiziridwa, ndipo achinyamata adzateteza ku South. Scarlett amakhala masiye pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo ndikupita ku Atlanta. Pang'onopang'ono, zochita za usilikali n'zovuta, ndipo malo a anthu akummwera amatsutsa. Scarlett, mwa njira zonse, amasankha kubwerera ku Tara. Kuchokera ku Atlanta kumathandiza Rhett Butler.

Amamuuza iye cholinga chake chokanikira. Scarlett akunena kuti ali kutali kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala yekha. Ndipo iwo amagawana. Asanafike Tara iwo sanafike povulazidwa. Pali chisokonezo ndi kuwonongeka. Koma Scarlett saleka, amachita chilichonse kuti asunge Tara.

Gawo lachiwiri la bukhu la "Gone with the Wind"

Gawo 2 la bukuli likuyamba ndi mfundo yakuti Scarlett ikhoza kutaya Tara. Amamvetsetsa kuti kuti amupulumutse komanso Rhett Butler yekha angathandize, popeza ndalama zimapezeka mwa iye basi. Koma Rhett anakana kumuthandiza, ndipo anakwatira Frank, yemwe ankatchedwa kuti mlongo wake. Pasanapite nthawi amakhalanso wamasiye.

Rhett amapanga iye kupereka, ndipo Scarlett amakhala mkazi wolemera. Koma chiyanjano pakati pa okwatirana chikukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku, monga Rhett akuzindikira kuti mtima wa Scarlett uli wa Ashley. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Melanie, amadziwa kuti ali yekhayekha, ndipo akuwoneka kuti sakanakonda Ashley, ndipo Rhett Butler amatanthauza chiyani kwa iye.

Koma iye, atatopa ndi kusasamala kwake, akuganiza kuti achoke. Scarlett ndi ovuta kwambiri. Koma chikhalidwe chake cholimba sichifuna kuvomereza kugonjetsedwa. Iye amakhulupirira kuti si chirichonse chomwe chatayika, iye adzapezadi chotsalira, koma iye adzaganiza za izo mawa. "Kutha Ndi Mphepo" - buku lomwe silingathe kufotokozedwa mwachidule. Mu bukhuli, nthawi yambiri imadzipereka pofotokoza momwe akumverera ndi heroine, zomwe akukumana nazo komanso kulingalira kwake. N'chifukwa chake bukuli limapangitsa owerenga kubwerera kwa iwo mobwerezabwereza.

Nkhondo ya Kumwera kwa Kumwera

Poyamba, bukuli linalengedwa kuti liwonetse mbiri ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni yomwe inayambira kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa mayiko a ku America. Nkhondoyo inayamba kuyambira 1861 mpaka 1865 pakati pa mayiko a kumpoto kwa mafakitale ndi kum'mwera kwa ulimi. Panthawi imeneyo, iwo adali ngati zosiyana zachuma.

Kumpoto, makampani ogulitsa mafakitale anali otanganidwa ndipo othawa kwawo anali ntchito yaikulu mu mafakitale ndi zomera. Kukhazikika ndi moyo wapamwamba. Mwinamwake, kotero n'zotheka kuimira mayiko a kumpoto. Kum'mwera, kunali malo ambiri omasuka. Dziko lachonde, loyenera nyengo yolima, koma antchito okwanira.

Ochokera kudziko lina ankakonda kwambiri kumpoto. Ndipo akummwera ankagwiritsa ntchito akapolo paminda yawo. Otsatira a anthu akummwera pa nthawi ya usilikali anali eni akapolo. Kwa nthawi yaitali maiko akhala pamodzi mwamtendere. Komabe, kutsutsana kunakula. Makamaka, funso la kuthetsa ukapolo ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika. Kusamvana kunayambitsa nkhondo.

Margaret Mitchell poyamba ankafuna kusonyeza mu buku lomwe nkhondoyo inakhudza anthu. Ndi chiwonongeko chotani chomwe iye anabweretsa ku moyo wodziwika wa anthu akumayiko. Bukuli lili ndi malemba ambiri - akapolo. Wolembayo amalingalira zochita za nkhondo mmaganizo awo. Amalongosola mgwirizano pakati pa mapulani ndi akapolo awo. Mitchell amayesa kubwereza mbiri yakale ndikuyang'ana nkhondo ya kumpoto ndi kumwera kuchokera kwa anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyi.

Mkazi wamkulu wa buku la "Gone with the Wind"

Kulongosola kwa bukhuli kungapereke lingaliro lachidziŵitso cha mbiri ya mbiri yakale iyi. Koma kubwerera kwa iye mobwerezabwereza kumapangitsa kukhala khalidwe lalikulu la Scarlett. Mlembiyo adatha kupanga chifaniziro cha kummwera wonyada - wodziimira, wobwezeretsa, wotsimikiza, wolimba mtima ndi wokonda dziko lake - Tara.

Mlembiyo adalenga bwino kwambiri chithunzi cha Scarlett - wamoyo, wokondwa, wokonda moyo, kuti heroine wa bukuli afike patsogolo. Bukhu lakuti "Gone with the Wind", ndemanga ya owerenga ambiri ndi ambiri amatsimikizira izi, kukakamiza owerenga kuti abwerere kwa iwo mobwerezabwereza chifukwa cha Scarlett. Iye-yemwe wataya makolo ake, abwenzi, chikondi, chithandizo mmalo mwa anthu - sataya. Ndi chikhalidwe chake cholimba, kulimba ndi kumenyana kofunika, kumakonza zopusa ndi zolakwa zake. Iye akuti "mawa lidzakhala tsiku latsopano," siliyimira, kulimbana ndi kupambana.

Ndemanga za Owerenga

Pa mafunso omwe bukuli ndi lokonda kwambiri, owerenga ambiri amayankha - buku "Gone with the Wind". Mayankho a mafani a ntchito yochititsa chidwiyi akutsimikizira kuti kujambula kwa anthu omwe ali m'bukuli kuli pamwamba pa matamando onse. Kumayambiriro kwa bukuli siwoneka. Koma pakatikati mutha kumvetsa kuti olembawo akufotokozedwa m'chinenero chamoyo, malembawo amawululidwa ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa cha zochitika zina.

Inde, khalidwe lalikulu ndi Scarlett. Zimayambitsa owerenga maganizo osiyanasiyana - kuchoka kwathunthu ku chidwi. Koma chikhalidwe chake chonse ndi chisangalalo chimasiya aliyense wosasamala. Zimakumbukiridwa. Inde, iye ndi wodzikonda, wachiwerewere, wamwano. Koma zimachokera kugonjetsa, zili pamwamba pa zovuta, pamwamba pa nkhondo. Moyo wamakhalidwe umatha, koma kukanika kwawo kugonjera ku zolembedwera ndizowerengedwa ndi owerenga onse. Kodi ndi chiani china chomwe bukuli Lapita ndi Wind kukumbukira?

Ndemanga ya owerenga ambiri imatsimikizira kuti anthu onsewa ndi osangalatsa mwa njira yawo. Rhett Butler ndi wotsutsa komanso wankhanza kuposa Scarlett. Koma akugonjetsa kudzipereka kwake pakudziyesa yekha ndi ena. Mwadzidzidzi, nthawi zambiri ankatha kumverera kwenikweni - chikondi ndi ulemu. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono amasonyeza kudzipereka kwake kwa anthu amene amamulemekeza.

Ngakhale kuti maganizo osiyana okhudza heroine, owerenga onse amalemba kuti bukuli lingatchulidwe kuti ndilokonda kwambiri. Winawake akulemba kuti buku la "Gone with the Wind" lakhala ngati buku lofotokozera. Masewera olimba omwe adawululidwa ndi wolemba amakakamizidwa kubwerera kwa iwo mobwerezabwereza, kuti azisangalala chikondi chawo cha moyo ndi kukhazikika.